Abstract
A precast segment suitable for block-stacking concept is disclosed. The precast segment includes a first surface, an opposite second surface, plural through holes, and plural male-female connecting sets. The through holes extend from the first surface and toward the second surface to communicate between the first surface and the second surface. Each male-female connecting set includes a shear key and a joint hole, wherein the shear key protrudes from one of the first surface and the second surface to serve as a male connecting unit, and the joint hole is formed in the other of the first surface and the second surface to serve as a female connecting unit. Accordingly, the precast segments can be block-stacked by mortise-and-tenon joints to construct a bridge pier system. Compared to the conventional construction methodology, the present invention can enhance the efficiency of segment fabrication and avoid high prestress force.
Claims
1. An energy dissipation column with a block-stacking structure, comprising: plural segmental layers stacked into a column, with one precast segment of the Nth segmental layer being connected with at least two neighboring precast segments, arranged along an X direction, of the (N−1)th segmental layer, and with another segment of the Nth segmental layer being connected with at least two neighboring precast segments, arranged along a Y direction orthogonal to the X direction, of the (N−1)th segmental layer by mortise-and-tenon joints to provide bonds between the segmental layers using plural male-female connecting sets, wherein N is an integer of 2 or more, each male-female connecting set includes a shear key and a joint hole, and the precast segments are stacked by embedding the shear key in the joint hole, the segmental layers each has plural ones of the precast segments arranged along the X direction and other plural ones of the precast segments arranged along the Y direction, and the precast segments of the odd-numbered segmental layers are assembled into the same arrangement with one type, whereas the precast segments of the even-numbered segmental layers are assembled into the same arrangement with another different type; plural bearing elements that penetrate through the segmental layers in a stacking direction of the segmental layers and are continuous bonded bar reinforcements formed by grouting and capable of providing strength and energy dissipation capacity for the column; and plural prestressing elements that penetrate through the segmental layers in the stacking direction of the segmental layers and are unbounded prestressing tendons with no grouting and are configured to provide re-centering force for the column, wherein the plural bearing elements and the plural prestressing elements are disposed around peripheral edges of the column structure, with no bearing elements and prestressing elements penetrating through a central area of the column.
2. The energy dissipation column with a block-stacking structure of claim 1, wherein the shear key and the joint hole have convex and concave configurations complementary to each other, respectively.
3. The energy dissipation column with a block-stacking structure of claim 1, wherein the segmental layers are stacked into a solid or hollow column.
4. The energy dissipation column with a block-stacking structure of claim 1, wherein each of the bearing elements is a continuous bar reinforcement.
5. The energy dissipation column with a block-stacking structure of claim 1, wherein (i) the precast segments of the segmental layers each includes a first surface, an opposite second surface, plural through holes, and the plural male-female connecting sets, (ii) the through holes extend from the first surface and toward the second surface to communicate between the first surface and the second surface, (iii) the shear key protrudes from one of the first surface and the second surface to serve as a male connecting unit, and the joint hole is formed in the other of the first surface and the second surface to serve as a female connecting unit, and (iv) the bearing elements and the prestressing elements are disposed through the through holes.
6. The energy dissipation column with a block-stacking structure of claim 5, wherein the shear key is made of reinforced concrete.
7. The energy dissipation column with a block-stacking structure of claim 6, wherein at least one of the through holes corresponds to the shear key, and has one end extending through the shear key and the other opposite end constituting the joint hole.
8. The energy dissipation column with a block-stacking structure of claim 5, wherein the shear key is a steel bar.
9. The energy dissipation column with a block-stacking structure of claim 8, wherein the joint hole is formed by a steel concave plate.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective schematic view of a conventional segmental bridge pier;
(2) FIG. 2 is a perspective schematic view of a precast segment in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;
(3) FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA′ in FIG. 2;
(4) FIG. 4 is a perspective schematic view of a segmental bridge pier in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;
(5) FIG. 5 is a full exploded perspective schematic view corresponding to FIG. 4;
(6) FIG. 6 is a partial exploded perspective schematic view corresponding to FIG. 4;
(7) FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing an arrangement of precast segments in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;
(8) FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing another arrangement of precast segments in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention;
(9) FIG. 9 is a perspective schematic view of a precast segment in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
(10) FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB′ in FIG. 9;
(11) FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing an arrangement of precast segments in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
(12) FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing another arrangement of precast segments in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
(13) FIG. 13 is a perspective schematic view of a precast segment in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention; and
(14) FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC′ in FIG. 13.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
(15) Hereafter, example will be provided to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. Advantages and effects of the invention will become more apparent from the disclosure of the present invention. It should be noted that these accompanying figures are simplified and illustrative. The quantity, shape and size of components shown in the figures may be modified according to practical conditions, and the arrangement of components may be more complex. Other various aspects also may be practiced or applied in the invention, and various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention based on various concepts and applications.
(16) Please refer to FIGS. 2 and 3, in which FIG. 2 is a perspective schematic view of a precast segment in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA′ in FIG. 2. The precast segment 21 of this embodiment includes a first surface 21a, a second surface 21b opposite to the first surface 21a, plural through holes 211 and plural male-female connecting sets 212. The through holes 211 extend from the first surface 21a and toward the second surface 21b to communicate between the first surface 21a and the second surface 21b. Each male-female connecting set 212 includes a joint hole 214 and a shear key 217, wherein the joint holes 214 are formed in the first surface 21a to serve as female connecting units, and the shear keys 217 are disposed at and protrudes from the second surface 21b to serve as male connecting units. In this embodiment, the precast segment 21 is a reinforced concrete (RC) segment of an integrated structure, and the through holes 211 correspond to the shear keys 217 of RC type. In details, one end of the through hole 211 extends through the shear key 217, whereas the other opposite end of the through hole 211 constitutes the joint hole 214 at the first surface 21a so as to permit bearing elements or prestressing elements as mentioned below to be disposed therethrough. For the convenience of detailed description below, the region in which the through hole 211 penetrates through the shear key 217 is defined as a first sections A1, and the region in which the through hole 211 penetrates through the main body of the segment is divided into a second section A2 and a third section A3. Herein, the third section A3 of the through hole 211 is used as the joint hole 214. As shown in FIG. 3, the first section A1 and the second section A2 of the through hole 211 are smaller than the third section A3 in diameter, and the third section A3 has a diameter adapted to fit around the peripheral edge of the shear key 217 and serves as the joint hole 214. Preferably, the depth H1 of the joint hole 214 is substantially equal to the protruding height H2 of the shear key 217 from the second surface 21b, or the depth H1 of the joint hole 214 is slightly larger than the height H2 of the shear key 217. Accordingly, two identical precast segments can be bonded to each other by embedding the shear keys 217 completely in the joint holes 214 to provide shear resistance against vibration of the structure. In brevity, the joint holes 214 and the shear keys 217 preferably have complementary concave and convex configurations, respectively, and are closely matched with each other so as to avoid excessive slip between the precast segments caused by vibration of the structure. Additionally, the cross-sections of the joint holes 214 and the shear keys 217 are not limited to the circular shape illustrated in the figures, and may be modified to other shapes, such as square or hexagon.
(17) Attention is now directed to FIGS. 4-6. FIG. 4 is a perspective schematic view of the structure with the precast segments 21 of this embodiment and a top segment 22 stacked on a base 30. FIGS. 5 and 6 are full and partial exploded perspective schematic views corresponding to FIG. 4, respectively. In this embodiment, the first segmental layer S1, the second segmental layer S2, the third segmental layer S3, the fourth segmental layer S4, the fifth segmental layer S5 and the sixth segmental layer S6 are stacked on the base 30 in a Z direction by block-stacking concept; the bearing elements 23 and the prestressing elements 25 penetrate through the first to the sixth segmental layers S1-S6 in the Z direction to construct an energy dissipation column 20 of a solid cylindrical structure; and finally the top segment 22 is disposed on the sixth segmental layer S6 to finish the segmental bridge pier of this embodiment. The first to the sixth segmental layers S1-S6 of this embodiment consist of the precast segments 21 of FIGS. 2-3, and the top segment 22 also is provided with shear keys 227 on one surface thereof. The shear keys 227 have the same configuration as the shear keys 217 of the precast segment 21, and also are provided with through holes (not shown in the figure) to permit the bearing elements 23 and the prestressing elements 25 to be disposed therethrough. The column of six-layer structure illustrated in this embodiment is provided for explanation. The practical number of layers for the column can be modified according to requirement and is not limited thereto.
(18) As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the base 30 can provide support from the bottom of the energy dissipation column 20, and has a larger cross-sectional dimension than that of the first to the sixth segmental layers S1-S6. The base 30 is provided with joint holes 304 having a shape adapted to receive the shear keys 217 of the precast segment 21. As such, the shear keys 217 of the precast segment 21 can be embedded in the joint holes 304 of the base 30. Similarly, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the shear keys 217 of each precast segment 21 in the second to the sixth segmental layers S2-S6 are embedded in the joint holes 214 of two neighboring precast segments 21 in the lower segmental layer so as to provide bonds between the segmental layers. Further, the shear keys 227 of the top segment 22 are embedded in the joint holes 214 of all precast segments 21 in the sixth segmental layer S6 to secure the top segment 22 on the top of the energy dissipation column 20. Accordingly, as the precast segment 21 of each upper segmental layer is disposed across the interface between two neighboring precast segments 21 of each lower segmental layer, the dislocation of the precast segments 21 in the segmental layers can be avoided. Further, please refer to FIGS. 7 and 8, in which FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the precast segments 21 for the first, third and fifth segmental layers S1, S3 and S5 in the X-Y plane, and FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the precast segments 21 for the second, fourth and sixth segmental layers S2, S4 and S6 in the X-Y plane. The symbol “⊕” means the through hole with the bearing elements 23 disposed therein. The symbol “⊚” means the through hole with the prestressing elements 25 disposed therein. The symbol “∘” means the through hole with no bearing elements 23 and no prestressing elements 25 disposed therein. As shown in FIGS. 5-8 for this embodiment, the first to sixth segmental layers S1-S6 each include eight precast segments 21, and the bearing elements 23 and the prestressing elements 25 are disposed through different through holes 211 of the outmost precast segments 21 to serially connect the first to sixth segmental layers S1-S6 in the Z direction and further penetrate through the through holes 304 of the base 30 and the shear keys 227 of the top segment 22. The bearing elements 23 are continuous bar reinforcements and more particularly are continuous bonded bar reinforcements formed by grouting so as to provide strength and energy dissipation capacity. The prestressing elements 25 are prestressing tendons provided with small amount of prestress force. One end of the prestressing elements 25 is embedded in and secured to the base 30 by prestressing anchors (not shown in the figure), whereas the other end of the prestressing elements 25 is applied with prestress force at the column top, followed by fixation of the prestressing elements 25 using the anchors 26 (as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5). As a result, the prestressing elements 25 with no grouting can provide re-centering force upon the deformation of the structure.
(19) In this embodiment, the number and location of the shear keys, the joint holes and the through holes for each precast segment, the number of the segmental layers, the number and arrangement type of the segments included in each segmental layer, and the location of the bearing elements and the prestressing elements illustrated in FIGS. 2-8 are disclosed only for purposes of explanation, and can be varied by those skilled in the art according to actual requirement and not limited to those shown in the figures.
Embodiment 2
(20) Please refer to FIG. 9, which is a perspective schematic view of a precast segment in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9, the precast segment 41 of this embodiment includes a first surface 41a, a second surface 41b opposite to the first surface 41a, plural through holes 411 and plural male-female connecting sets 412. Each male-female connecting set 412 includes a joint hole 414 and a shear key 417, wherein the joint holes 414 are formed in the first surface 41a to serve as female connecting units, and the shear keys 417 are disposed at and protrude from the second surface 41b to serve as male connecting units. The through holes 411 extend from the first surface 41a to the second surface 41b, and are disposed apart from the joint holes 414 and the shear keys 417 (namely, the through holes 411 do not extend through the shear keys 417). In this embodiment, the precast segment 41 is formed with joint holes 414 and shear keys 417 of non-RC type as male-female connecting sets. As another aspect of this embodiment, the precast segment 41 may be fabricated into an integrated structure to have joint holes 414 and shear keys 417 of RC type. Hereafter, the joint holes 414 and the shear keys 417 of non-RC type would be taken for detailed illustration.
(21) Please refer to FIG. 10, which is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB′ in FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 10, the joint holes 414 are formed by plural concave plates 413 disposed at the first surface 41a. The concave plates 413 each define an open end 41c at the first surface 41a, and extend from the first surface 41a and towards the second surface 41b with a depth H1 to form the joint holes 414. The shear keys 417 each protrude from the second surface 41b with a height H2 and have an end fixed at the main body of the segment. Further, the joint holes 414 has a diameter adapted to fit around the peripheral edge of the shear keys 417, and the depth H1 of the joint holes 414 preferably is equal to or slightly larger than the protruding height H2 of the shear keys 417 from the second surface 41b. Accordingly, two identical precast segments can be bonded with each other by completely embedding the shear keys 417 in the joint holes 414 to provide shear resistance against the vibration of the structure. Additionally, the concave plates 413 each are connected to a flange plate 415 around the open end 41c thereof, and shear nails 416 are disposed on the flange plate 415 to enhance the fixation of the concave plates 413 embedded in the RC main body of the segment. In this embodiment, the concave plates 413, the flange plates 415, the shear nails 416 and the shear keys 417 preferably are made of steel-based materials. That is, the joint holes 414 can be formed by steel concave plates, and the shear keys 417 can be steel bars. However, this is provided only for exemplary illustration and the materials are not limited thereto.
(22) Accordingly, in this embodiment, a column can be constructed from multiple segmental layers by stacking the precast segments 41 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. Please refer to FIGS. 11 and 12, which are schematic views showing two different arrangement types of the precast segments 41 in accordance with this embodiment. The symbol “⊕” means the through hole with the bearing elements 43 disposed therein. The symbol “⊚” means the through hole with the prestressing elements 45 disposed therein. The symbol “∘” means the through hole with no bearing elements 43 and no prestressing elements 45 disposed therein. The symbol “.circle-solid.” means the shear key 417. The arrangement of the segments in the X-Y plane shown in FIG. 11 can be adopted to build the odd-numbered segmental layers, including the first, third, fifth, seventh segmental layers and so on, whereas the arrangement of the segments in the X-Y plane shown in FIG. 12 can be adopted to build the even-numbered segmental layers, including the second, fourth, sixth segmental layers and so on. Alternatively, the arrangement of the segments in the X-Y plane shown in FIG. 11 is adopted to build the even-numbered segmental layers, including the second, fourth, sixth segmental layers and so on, whereas the arrangement of the segments in the X-Y plane shown in FIG. 12 is adopted to build the odd-numbered segmental layers, including the first, third, fifth, seventh segmental layers and so on. Accordingly, the shear keys 417 of the precast segments 41 in each upper even-numbered segmental layer can be embedded in the joint holes 414 of the precast segments 41 in each lower odd-numbered segmental layer so as to construct a hollow column. As the upper and lower precast segments are stacked in an intersecting manner, the lateral connection between the precast segments can be enhanced. Further, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the bearing elements 43 and the prestressing elements 45 are disposed through different through holes 411 of the precast segments 41, respectively, to serially connect all the segmental layers in the vertical direction. The bearing elements 43 can be continuous bonded bar reinforcements formed by grouting so as to provide strength and energy dissipation capacity. The prestressing elements 45 are provided with small amount of prestress force and not grouted so as to provide re-centering force upon lateral displacement of the column. In this embodiment, the number and location of the shear keys, the joint holes and the through holes for each precast segment, the number and arrangement type of the segments, and the location of the prestressing tendons and the continuous bar reinforcements illustrated in FIGS. 9-12 are disclosed only for purposes of explanation, and can be varied by those skilled in the art according to actual requirement and not limited to those shown in the figures.
Embodiment 3
(23) Please refer to FIGS. 13 and 14, in which FIG. 13 is a perspective schematic view of a precast segment in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC′ in FIG. 13. The precast segment 51 of this embodiment is similar to the precast segment 41 of Embodiment 2, except that the shear keys 517 are secured at the second surface 51b of the precast segments 51 in the upper layer during the column construction in this embodiment, followed by embedding the shear keys 517 of the upper precast segments in the joint holes of the lower precast segments (not shown in the figure).
(24) In details, as shown in FIG. 14 for this embodiment, the first surface 51a and the second surface 51b of the precast segment 51 are provided with plural concave plates 513, respectively, and the shear keys 517 are disposed to be engaged with the concave plates 513 at the second surface 51b of the precast segment 51 by screw threads (not shown in the figure) during column construction. As a result, the first surface 51a of the precast segment 51 is provided with joint holes 514 formed by the concave plates 513, whereas the second surface 51b of the precast segment 51 is provided with shear keys 517 threadedly engaged with the concave plates 513. Other elements of the precast segment 51 in this embodiment, including the through holes 511, the flange plates 515 and the shear nails 516, are the same as those illustrated in Embodiment 2, and the repetitious details need not be given here.
(25) As illustrated in the aforementioned embodiments, the present invention provides a novel rapid construction of column structure, which can be applied in a bridge pier system and also suitable to construct column structures of any building. The novel construction methodology of the present invention has advantages of modularity, easy operation, rapid construction and low impact, and meets practical demands.
(26) The above examples are intended for illustrating the embodiments of the subject invention and the technical features thereof, but not for restricting the scope of protection of the subject invention. The scope of the subject invention is based on the claims as appended.
