REFLECTOR FOR VEHICLES

Abstract

A reflector for vehicles includes a reflective surface that contains an optical element to reflect light incident on the optical element according to specific reflection characteristics. The reflective surface is designed as a hologram element which has a grating structure in such a way that light incident on the hologram element is reflected according to the specific reflection characteristics.

Claims

1. A reflector for a vehicle, the reflector comprising: a reflective surface that contains an optical element to reflect light incident on the optical element according to reflection characteristics, the reflective surface being configured as a hologram element that has a hologram structure such that when the optical element is illuminated, light is reflected according to the reflection characteristics.

2. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein the hologram element is a volume hologram element via which the light is diffracted in a defined angle range and a spectral range of the light so that specifications with respect to a reflection distribution and reflection intensity for a reflection function on the vehicle are fulfilled.

3. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein the hologram element is integrated into a film that is applied to a flat side of a lens.

4. The reflector according to claim 3, wherein the lens is formed as a cover plate sealing a lamp housing, wherein a lamp unit is disposed in the lamp housing for producing a light function, and wherein a light bundle emitted by the lamp unit passes through the hologram element.

5. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein the hologram element is formed as a film, which is attached at edges to a holder frame.

6. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein the hologram element is integrated into a film, which is provided on a flat side with a self-adhesive surface for attachment to an outer side of a cover plate sealing the lamp housing or to a body surface of the vehicle or to a bumper of the vehicle or to a stationary object.

7. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein the hologram element is attached to an additional lens positioned in an interior of a lamp housing and is formed as a single piece or multiple pieces with a plurality of hologram element segments, which are offset stepwise and run substantially parallel to one another and which extend within the lamp housing.

8. The reflector according to claim 7, wherein the hologram element segments extend on a side, facing a side of the vehicle, of the lamp housing in a direction of travel of the vehicle so as to form a side marking reflector.

9. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein the hologram element contains such light information that only spectral light fractions predetermined for the reflection function are reflected.

10. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein the hologram element is introduced into a film according to a pattern, so that upon illumination of the film only the pattern lights up.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus, are not limitive of the present invention, and wherein:

[0019] FIG. 1 shows a side view of a reflector, integrated into a lamp housing, according to an embodiment;

[0020] FIG. 2 shows a reflector, integrated into the lamp housing, according to an embodiment;

[0021] FIG. 3 shows a reflector, integrated into the lamp housing, according to an embodiment;

[0022] FIG. 4 shows a perspective illustration of a support frame for a hologram element;

[0023] FIG. 5 shows a front view of a film containing the hologram element;

[0024] FIG. 6 shows a top plan view of a lamp housing with hologram elements arranged in steps and running parallel to one another;

[0025] FIG. 7 shows a top plan view of a lamp housing with a number of hologram element segments running perpendicular to one another; and

[0026] FIG. 8 illustrates example reflection characteristics.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] A reflector of the invention can be disposed in a lamp housing 1 of a vehicle, which can be made, for example, as a rear light. A lamp unit 2 for producing a predetermined light distribution, for example, a tail light or braking light or turning light function is illustrated schematically in FIG. 1. Lamp unit 2 has a light source 4, which is disposed on a printed circuit board 3 and is formed, for example, as an LED light source. An optical unit 5 having one or more lenses or a reflector is disposed in front of light source 4 in a light emission direction (A). Light 6 emitted by light source 4 is formed or reflected according to a predetermined light distribution by means of optical unit 5. A cover plate 7, which seals lamp housing 1, is provided in front of optical unit 5 in light emission direction A. Cover plate 7 can be made crystal clear, for example. A reflective surface 9, which has a hologram element as an optical element for reflecting light incident on the optical element from the outside according to reflection characteristics, is applied to inner side 8 of cover plate 7.

[0028] For example, the reflective holographic element can be used as a rear reflex reflector. In other words, the reflection characteristics correspond to that of, for example, a rear reflex reflector. FIG. 8 illustrates example legal requirements for a rear reflex reflector, which illustrates divergence angles in the second column as well as values of reflected light relative to incident light for different illumination angles in the third to fifth columns.

[0029] The hologram element or reflective surface 9 is made as a film, which is applied by gluing or welding, for example, ultrasonic welding, to the inner side (flat side) 8 of cover plate 7. Because hologram element 9 has relatively small hologram structures for diffracting light 6 and the film is transparent, the film or reflective surface 9 is transparent and clear overall. The thus formed hologram film 9 can therefore be disposed in light emission direction A in front of lamp unit 2.

[0030] Because the hologram structure of hologram element 9 is formed so that only light 10 incident from the outside is diffracted or reflected, light 6 coming from lamp unit 2 passes through hologram film 9 without diffraction.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 2, hologram element film 9 can be disposed on an additional lens 11, spaced apart from cover plate 7, within lamp housing 1. Lens 11 is formed transparent and serves only as a support for hologram element film 9.

[0032] Hologram element 9 can be made as a holographic optical element (HOE), which falls within the class of diffractive optical elements. In comparison with conventional refractive optical elements, diffractive optical elements are distinguished by considerably smaller optical structures, which diffract light in a limited spectral range. The diffractive optical elements can be made as grating, lens, and mirror beam splitters or combinations thereof.

[0033] For example, hologram element 9 can be made as a volume hologram element, which in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is a volume transmission hologram element. The volume hologram element is made as an emulsion or as a holographic film. The hologram element can be made as a photopolymer in the shape of a film. The volume hologram element is made as a relatively thick hologram, because its grating constant g is always smaller than a thickness d of the film material. The product, which is obtained from the thickness d of the hologram and the employed wavelength λ, is substantially greater than the square of the grating constant g; see the following:

λ×d>>g.sup.2

[0034] Because the grating constant g is relatively small, and lies at most in the range of wavelengths λ of the light, the grating structure is nearly invisible to the human eye. Hologram element 9 therefore appears to be transparent.

[0035] Hologram element 9 formed as a film can be preshaped, for example, by deep-drawing, placed in an injection molding tool, and then overmolded by the material of lens 11. Alternatively, hologram element film 9 can also be glued or welded afterwards onto lens 11, for example, by ultrasonic welding.

[0036] Light bundle 10 is diffracted on hologram element 9, which is formed as volume hologram element, in a defined, limited angle range and spectral range. As a result, the light-directing structures (grating structure), introduced in the holographic recording medium, are nearly invisible to the observer. Advantageously, hologram element 9 is made as a transparent part, which has no visible optical structures.

[0037] Hologram element 9 can be formed as a volume hologram element, by means of which light 10 is diffracted in a defined angle range and spectral range and is again reflected back according to the predetermined reflection characteristics.

[0038] According to an embodiment of the invention, according to FIGS. 3 to 5, hologram film 9 is attached at the edges to a holder frame 12, which is disposed within lamp housing 1, for example, in the vicinity of cover plate 7. Hologram film 9 is attached at a peripheral edge of holder frame 12. For example, holder frame 12 can have at its edge 13 a plurality of rivet pegs 14 arranged in a distributed manner and engaging in corresponding holes 15 of hologram film 9. Alternatively, hologram film 9 can also be attached to holder frame 12 by welding or gluing. Holder frame 12 can have a contour that enables a simple attachment of the frame to an inner side of lamp housing 1.

[0039] According to an embodiment of the invention, hologram film 9 can also be disposed on an outer side of cover plate 7 or an outwardly directed side of lens 11. For example, hologram film 9 can be provided on a flat side with a self-adhesive surface, so that hologram film 9 can be attached to the outside of cover plate 7 or a body surface of the vehicle, for example, to a bumper surface. Alternatively, this hologram element film 9 can also be applied in a simple manner to stationary objects, for example, delineator posts, columns or walls of underground garages, barriers, or driveways, so as to mark an object or to protect it from damage.

[0040] According to a further embodiment of the invention, according to FIG. 6, hologram film 9 is not formed as a single piece but as multiple pieces. The hologram element or hologram element film 9 has a plurality of hologram element segments 16, which are offset from one another in a light emission direction A. Hologram element segments 16 are arranged parallel to one another and extend in the horizontal direction from one end to the opposite end of lamp housing 1. The hologram element in this way can follow the curved shape of the lamp housing. Hologram element segments 16 are therefore arranged offset to one another stepwise or in a stepped manner. Hologram element segments 16, as described above, are integrated into a film 9 and attached to a holder frame 12 or to a lens 11.

[0041] According to a further embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 7, a number of hologram element segments 16′, facing a side of the vehicle, are arranged oriented toward the side, so that light 17′ incident from a side is reflected toward the side (side marker reflectors). In the present exemplary embodiment, hologram element segments 16′ are arranged substantially perpendicular to the other hologram segments 16; i.e., they are arranged running in the light emission direction A. Optionally, hologram element segments 16′ can also be positioned inclined to the light emission direction A. The parallel hologram element segments 16 are arranged substantially perpendicular to light emission direction A and enable the reflection of light 17 incident in light emission direction A.

[0042] Hologram element segments 16 enable the reflection of light 17 incident in light emission direction A, so that when lamp housing 1 is designed as a rear light, the vehicle is marked for road users located behind the vehicle. The reflector arrangement according to FIG. 7 enables a reflection in a widened angle range, which is at least 90°.

[0043] According to a further embodiment of the invention, hologram element 9 has such light information that only spectral light fractions predetermined for the reflective light function are reflected. In this way, the reflector can reflect light in a desired color. For example, hologram element 9 can be designed such that upon the incidence of white light on the hologram element, red or orange light is reflected. Advantageously, in this embodiment cover plate 7 or lens 11 need not be colored. The thus formed hologram film 9 has a red or orange color for an observer.

[0044] According to a further embodiment of the invention (not shown), hologram element 9 can also be integrated only partially into a film. The incident light is reflected or retroreflected only in the areas of the film in which hologram element 9 is provided. It passes through in the other area. Hologram element 9 can be arranged in the film according to a pattern, so that only the pattern lights up upon illumination of the film. For example, the pattern can be formed as a striped pattern or any graphical pattern and/or by alphanumeric signs or symbols. Advantageously, in the case of this reflector only defined areas of the film light up, namely, only areas defined by hologram element 9. Film 9 therefore has only a partial holographic structure.

[0045] It is understood that the aforementioned features can be used separately or as a number of features in any combination. The described exemplary embodiments are not to be understood as an exhaustive list but rather as having an illustrative nature in order to describe the invention.

[0046] The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are to be included within the scope of the following claims.