Fuel lubricity additive

Abstract

A lubricity additive for fuels with sulphur content of not more than 0.05 wt % is described herein. The lubricity additive comprises a polyol ester or a mixture of polyol esters derived from C.sub.8-C.sub.18 saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids. The polyol esters is produced by: i) esterification of a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, or a mixture thereof, with a polyhydric alcohol; ii) transesterification of an oil or a mixture of oils, with fatty acid composition comprising C.sub.8-C.sub.18 saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids, with a polyhydric alcohol. The preferred fatty acids are unsaturated C.sub.18 fatty acids, more particularly, oleic acid whereas the preferred polyhydric alcohol is neopolyol, more particularly, trimethylol propane and its isomers. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of fuel with sulphur content of not more than 0.05 wt % and a minor amount of the lubricity additive is also described herein. The amount of the lubricity additive is not more than 0.1 wt %.

Claims

1. A fuel composition consisting of diesel fuel having a sulphur content of not more than 0.05 weight percent and a lubricity additive content of 0.02 to 0.1 weight percent, wherein the lubricity additive has a hydroxyl value of less than 4 and consists of a neopolyol oleate ester produced by transesterification of an oil or a mixture of oils, wherein the oil is selected from palm oil, palm kernel oil, groundnut oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, tall oil or a mixture thereof, and wherein the neopolyol is selected from neopentyl glycols and trimethylol ethane.

2. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the neopolyol is trimethylol ethane.

3. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the diesel fuel has a sulphur content of not more than 0.005 weight percent.

4. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil is palm oil, palm kernel oil or a mixture thereof.

5. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the neopolyol is neopentyl glycol.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(1) The inventors of present invention unexpectedly found that polyol esters, derived from C.sub.8-C.sub.18 saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids, could perform well as lubricity additive for fuels with low sulphur content at a low treat rate even when they are having a hydroxyl number of not more than 5.

(2) One aspect of the present invention discloses a fuel lubricity additive which comprises a polyol ester or a mixture of polyol esters derived from C.sub.8-C.sub.18 saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids.

(3) Another aspect of the present invention discloses a fuel composition comprising a major amount of fuel with low sulphur content and a minor amount of the fuel lubricity additive. The term ‘minor amount’ refers to an amount of less than 0.1 weight percent (1000 ppm). The fuel is particularly fuels with sulphur content of not more than 0.05 weight percent, more particularly fuels with sulphur content of not more than 0.005 weight percent. Examples of fuels are biofuels and middle distillate fuels such as Class 1 Swedish diesel fuel and jet fuel.

(4) The polyol esters disclosed herein is produced in a known manner by: i) esterification of a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid with a polyhydric alcohol; or ii) esterification of a mixture of C.sub.8-C.sub.18 saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids with a polyhydric alcohol; or iii) transesterification of an oil or a mixture of oils, with fatty acid composition comprising C.sub.8-C.sub.18 saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids, with a polyhydric alcohol.

(5) The preferred fatty acids are unsaturated C.sub.18 fatty acids and more particularly oleic acid. The mixture of C.sub.8-C.sub.18 saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids preferably has a fatty acid composition comprising minimum 15 weight percent of unsaturated C.sub.18 fatty acids, more particularly has a fatty acid composition comprising minimum 15 weight percent of oleic acid. The oil with fatty acid composition comprising C.sub.8-C.sub.18 saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids is selected from palm oil, palm kernel oil, groundnut oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, tall oil or a mixture thereof, preferably an oil or a mixture of oils with fatty acid composition comprising minimum 15 weight percent of unsaturated C.sub.18 fatty acids, more particularly with fatty acid composition comprising minimum 15 weight percent of oleic acid. The preferred polyhydric alcohol is neopolyol namely neopentyl glycols, trimethylol propane, trimethylol ethane, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, diethyl propane and their isomers, more particularly trimethylol propane and its isomers. The preferred polyol esters are oleate esters of trimethylol propane which include trimethylol propane monooleate, trimethylol propane dioleate, trimethylol propane trioleate or a mixture thereof.

(6) The following examples are presented to illustrate the present invention in a non-limiting sense.

EXAMPLE 1

(7) Preparation of Oleate Esters of Trimethylol Propane

(8) Oleate esters of trimethylol propane were prepared by esterifying 4 moles of oleic acid with 1 mole of trimethylol propane at 160° C. in the presence of 1 weight percent of sulphuric acid based on the weight of oleic acid used. 1 mole of toluene was added to the reaction mixture as azeotroping agent. Water formed during the reaction was removed continuously by distillation while distilled toluene was recycled continuously into the reaction mixture. Products formed from the reaction were neutralized and then subjected to purification process by elucidating it through a column packed with silica gel to obtain oleate esters of trimethylol propane.

EXAMPLE 2

(9) HFRR Test on Fuel Samples

(10) Fuel samples were prepared by blending oleate esters of timethylol propane from Example 1 (hereinafter referred as test additive) with a base fuel. Three base fuels with different sulphur content were used for preparation of fuel samples to illustrate the effective treat rate of test additive. The base fuels used were ultra low sulphur diesels (ULSD) with sulphur content of 0.005 weight percent (50 ppm), 0.0042 weight percent (42 ppm) and 0.002 weight percent (20 ppm). The homogenized fuel samples were subjected to HFRR test according to ASTM D6079. A wear scar diameter of less than 460 micron was considered to be acceptable. The HFRR test results are tabulated in Table 1.

(11) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Fuel Base Sulphur Content Treat Rate of Test Wear Scar Dia- Sample Fuel (ppm) Additive (ppm) meter (micron) A USDL1 50 100 479 B USDL1 50 200 364 C USDL1 50 0 526 D USDL2 42 100 507 E USDL2 42 200 402 F USDL2 42 0 545 G USDL3 20 100 518 H USDL3 20 200 464 I USDL3 20 500 359 J USDL3 20 0 617

(12) The fuel lubricity additive disclosed herein is able to bring significant lubricity improvement in fuels with low sulphur content at a very low treat rate. Fuel compositions comprising the fuel lubricity additive of present invention showed an acceptable wear scar diameter in HFRR test.