Method and apparatus for deep-drawing a tray from sheet material

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for deep-drawing a tray (1) from a blank of sheet material (2). The blank is provided with score lines, which determine the location of wrinkles formed in the process. The apparatus comprises a female moulding tool (3), which comprises a cavity (7) for forming the tray bottom outwardly, a male moulding tool (4), which comprises a plunger (11) for forming the tray bottom inwardly, the plunger being movable with respect to the cavity for forming the tray, and clamps (6, 15) with an interface for holding the sheet material and forming a tray rim flange. According to the invention by laterally distancing at least one of the moulding tools (3, 4) from the sheet material leeway is pro-vided for free forming so that wrinkling of the tray side walls is achieved in a controlled manner. Spacer plates (13) may be positioned behind the plunger (11), to adjust its position in relation to the cavity (7) of the female moulding tool (3). The cavity may have a separate bottom plate (8) and spacer plates (9) therebelow, or screw means may be provided for adjusting the distance of the bottom of the cavity from the clamp interface and thereby varying the depth of the tray.

Claims

1. A method of deep-drawing a tray from sheet material, comprises the steps of: (i) providing the sheet material with score lines transversally to the circumference of the tray being formed, (ii) bringing the scored sheet material between a female moulding tool, which comprises a cavity having a cavity bottom for forming the tray bottom outwardly, and a male moulding tool, which comprises a single plunger for forming the tray bottom inwardly, (iii) clamping the sheet material along said circumference of the tray by means of the female and male moulding tools, to hold the material during the deep-drawing step, (iv) moving the single plunger with respect to the cavity for forming the tray, while, between the cavity bottom and the clamp interface, the male moulding tool is laterally distanced from the sheet material and forms an open space, wherein the score lines determine wrinkling of the sheet material forming a side wall of the tray in the open space formed between the sheet material and the male moulding tool between the cavity bottom and the clamp interface; and, (v) recovering the tray from the cavity after being contacted by the single plunger such that the side walls of the tray have been free formed in the open space.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein both the male and the female moulding tools are distanced from the sheet material so as to provide an open space between the cavity bottom and the clamp interface on both sides of the tray side wall being formed.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the distance between the cavity bottom and the clamp interface is adjusted to correspond to a selected depth of the tray.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the vertical position of the cavity bottom is adjusted by means of at least one screw connecting the cavity bottom to a clamp on the underside of the tray rim flange.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the male moulding tool has a plunger plate for forming the tray bottom inwardly, and spacer plates are inserted to adjust the vertical position of the plunger plate.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said spacer plates are laterally distanced from the sheet material to leave free space inside of the tray side wall being formed.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the female moulding tool has a cavity bottom plate, the vertical position of which is adjusted by means of spacer plates.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the sheet material is selected from a group consisting of paper, paperboard, cardboard, polymer-coated paper or board, metal-foiled paper or board, metal, and a composite of metal and polymer.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the score lines are produced by pressing the sheet material.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention is illustrated by way of examples depicted in the drawings, in which

(2) FIG. 1 shows an apparatus according to the invention in an exploded view,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a blank of sheet material drawn to a tray in the apparatus of FIG. 1,

(4) FIG. 3 shows a deep-drawn tray and parts of the apparatus according to another embodiment of the invention,

(5) FIG. 4 shows a deep-drawn tray and parts of the apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention,

(6) FIGS. 5 and 6 show blanks of sheet material provided with pressed score lines, and

(7) FIG. 7 shows a rectangular tray formed by deep-drawing from the blank of FIG. 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(8) The apparatus shown in the figures forms a packaging tray 1 from a blank of sheet material 2 by a deep-drawing operation. The sheet material may be uncoated board or paper, polymer coated board or paper, metal-foiled board or paper, possibly with an additional coat of polymer, metal, or a composite of metal and polymer.

(9) Blanks of sheet material 2 are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The blank 2 of FIG. 5 is a flat rectangular piece of material, suitable for forming the rectangular tray 1 according to FIG. 7. The blank 2 of FIG. 5 is a flat oval piece of material, suitable for forming an oval tray. The blanks are provided with pressed score lines running transversally to the circumference of the blank. The rectangular blank of FIG. 5 has score lines in the corners only, whereas the oval blank of FIG. 6 has score lines spread over its entire periphery. The pressing operation needed to produce the score lines is known from prior art, and is not described in detail herein.

(10) An alternative way of producing score lines to the blanks of sheet material is mechanical or laser cutting, which is controlled so as to carve the material locally without puncturing it.

(11) The apparatus as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises as its main parts a female moulding tool 3 for shaping the tray from its outside, a male moulding tool 4 for shaping the tray from its inside, and clamping means 5 for holding the blank of sheet material during the deep-drawing operation and forming a rim flange to the tray.

(12) The female moulding tool 3 comprises a frame 6 with a cavity 7, which generally corresponds to the shape of the tray 1 being formed. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 there is a separate bottom plate 8 installed in the cavity 7, which may be raised by means of spacer plates 9 for reducing the depth of the tray being formed. The spacer plates 9 may be removed, however, so that the bottom plate 8 will be level with the bottom of the cavity 7, so that the shape and the depth of the tray 1 are determined by the frame 6 alone.

(13) Below the frame 6 of the female moulding tool 3 there is provided a heating unit 10.

(14) The male moulding tool 4 comprises a plunger plate 11 for forming the bottom of the tray 1 from its inside, a body part 12, which is movable with respect to the female moulding tool 3, which is preferably held stationary during the deep-drawing operation. A number of spacer plates 13 has been positioned between the plunger plate 11 and the body part 12 in order to distance the former from the latter. By vertical movement of the male moulding tool 4 the plunger plate 11 presses the blank 2 of sheet material into the cavity 7 of the female moulding tool 3, to adapt the material to the shape determined by the bottom plate 8 and the side walls of the cavity.

(15) A specific feature of the spacer plates 13 of the male moulding tool 4 is that they are narrower that the horizontal cross-section of the tray 3, so that a free space 14 surrounding the pack of plates 13 is left between the plates and the tray side walls being formed. In this way free forming of the tray side walls is allowed, with controlled wrinkling at the corners of the tray and avoidance of tearing of the sheet material.

(16) The clamping means 5 comprise frames 15, which surround the body part 12 of the male moulding tool 4 and are vertically movable independently of the latter. In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 the frames 15 form an upper clamping tool, whereas the frame 6 of the female moulding tool 3 serves as a lower clamping tool. The clamping tools 15, 6 have a mutual interface, which holds the rim of the blank 2 in place during the clamping operation and thus forms a flat rim flange to the tray 1 being formed.

(17) The apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2 is worked by first adjusting the location of the bottom plate 8 of the female moulding tool 3 to correspond to the desired depth of the tray 1 by installing a corresponding number of spacer plates 9 therebelow. Then a pre-scored blank 2 of sheet material is brought between the female and male moulding tools 3, 4, which together with the clamping means 5 stand distanced from each other. The clamping frames 15 are then brought against the frame 6 of the female moulding tool 3 so as to clamp the rim of the blank 2 into place for the deep-drawing operation. Finally the body part 12 of the male moulding tool 4, together with the plunger plate 11 and spacer plates 13, is moved downwards with the plunger plate entering the cavity 7 and pressing the blank 2 against the bottom plate 8 of the female moulding tool 3. The bottom of the tray 3 will conform to the form of the plunger plate 11, while the sides of the tray have room to form freely and achieve evenly formed wrinkling without unseemly compressions and fractures.

(18) The embodiment of FIG. 3 is a simplification of that of FIG. 2 in that there are no separate bottom plate and spacer plates in the female moulding tool 3, but the cavity 7 in the latter alone determines the overall shape and depth of the tray 1 that is being formed. The plunger plate 11 and spacer plates 13 of the male moulding tool 4 are similar to those in FIGS. 1 and 2. The same applies to the clamping means 15 as well.

(19) The embodiment of FIG. 4 comprises a male moulding tool 4 and upper clamping means similar to those in the previous embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 3. The female moulding tool 3 is different, however. There is a bottom frame part 16, which has a cavity 7 shaped to correspond to the bottom of the tray 1 being formed. A lower clamping frame 17 is connected to the bottom frame part 16 through threaded screws 18, which are used to precisely adjust the distance between the parts 16, 17 and thereby the depth of the finished tray 1. A further significant feature is that there is ample free space on both sides of the tray side walls, thus enhancing the room for free forming of the side walls.