Method of operating a crane and crane

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of operating a crane having a luffable crane boom and having a trolley travelable at the crane boom, wherein the crane can be operated in a luffing mode, on the one hand, and in a trolley mode, on the other hand. In accordance with the invention, a switch is made between a luffing mode and a trolley mode by varying the hoist rope reeving. The invention further relates to such a crane for carrying out the method.

Claims

1. A method of operating a crane having a luffable crane boom and having a trolley arranged travelable at the crane boom, wherein the crane is operable in a luffing mode and in a trolley mode, wherein a change of a hoist rope reeving takes place for a mode change, wherein a one-line operation of a hoist rope takes place in the luffing mode and a two-line operation of the hoist rope takes place in the trolley mode.

2. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein a mount point of the hoist rope is released for crane operation in the luffing mode, and wherein during the trolley mode, the mount point is fixed at a boom tip.

3. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein the hoist rope is secured at the crane boom after a release of the mount point up to a starting of the luffing operation at the crane boom.

4. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein the reeving pulley is located at a tip of the boom, the tip being spaced away from a tower.

5. The method in accordance with claim 4, wherein the tip of the boom is operated as a mount for the mount point of the hoist rope in the trolley mode, and the reeving pulley is operated as a deflection pulley in the luffing mode.

6. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the trolley or a hook block of the trolley are latched to the boom during the luffing mode.

7. The method in accordance with claim 6, wherein the trolley or the hook block of the trolley are latched in a transport/dismantling position.

8. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the hoist rope is fixed to the boom in the trolley mode, with a rope reeving pulley being used as a deflection pulley in the luffing mode and with a position of the pulley or of a support being locally changeable.

9. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein a boom tip is let down to close to the ground for re-reeving the hoist rope for the corresponding crane mode.

10. The method in accordance with claim 9, wherein at least one additional boom element for the luffing mode is mounted during the hoist rope re-reeving, with the hoist rope mount point being connected to a securing rope, starting from the at least one additional boom element, and is pulled out up to the tip of the additional boom element.

11. The method in accordance with claim 10, wherein the hoist rope mount point is pulled with a hand winch up to a tip of the at least one additional boom element.

12. A crane having a luffable crane boom and having a trolley arranged travelable at the crane boom, wherein the crane is operable in a luffing mode and in a trolley mode, wherein a hoist rope is guided via at least one deflection pulley at a tip of the crane boom and is fixed at an end side to a load hook or is latched thereto in the trolley mode, wherein, in the luffing mode, the hoist rope is arranged in a single-line reeving, and wherein, in the trolley mode, the hoist rope is arranged in a two-line reeving.

13. The crane in accordance with claim 12, wherein a mount point of the hoist rope is released from the tip of the crane boom for crane operation in the luffing mode.

14. The crane in accordance with claim 13, wherein the tip of the crane boom is spaced away from a tower.

15. The crane in accordance with claim 13, wherein the hoist rope is secured together with hoist rope pulleys during a re-reeving of the hoist rope after a release of the hoist rope up to a starting of the luffing operation at the crane boom.

16. The crane in accordance with claim 15, wherein at least one additional boom element for the luffing mode is mounted during the re-reeving of the hoist rope, with the hoist rope being connected to a securing rope, starting from the at least one additional boom element, and is pulled out up to a tip of the additional boom element.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

(1) FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of the crane in accordance with the invention during the trolley mode.

(2) FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of the crane in accordance with FIG. 1 in the luffing mode.

(3) FIG. 3A shows a schematic side view of the crane in accordance with FIG. 2 with an extended boom tip.

(4) FIG. 3B shows a detailed view of elements of FIG. 3A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) FIG. 1 shows a side view of the boom system of the crane in accordance with the invention. A luffing boom 30 is luffably pivotally connected to the head of the crane tower 10 about a horizontal luffing axis via a joint 20. A boom guying rope 70 extends from the crane tower 10 via the crane tip up to the boom 30 for adjusting the luffing angle. The boom 30 can be adjusted in the vertically extending luffing plane by actuating the boom guying rope 70.

(6) The crane construction shown allows the crane operation in the luffing mode, that is with a luffable boom 30, and also trolley operation. The hoist rope 40 is used for both modes. The trolley 60, which can travel relative to the boom 30 in the latter's longitudinal axis, is available for the trolley mode. A respective rope pulley pair 62, 62b is arranged at the trolley 60 and at the hook block 61, whereby a two-line operation of the hoist rope during the trolley mode is made possible.

(7) A trolley drive which comprises the two driven rope pulleys 63 and the associated rope arrangement 64 is provided for traveling the trolley 60.

(8) The hoist rope 40 extends from the tower base via the boom pivotal connection point up to the boom tip. In the boom pivotal connection region, the hoist rope is guided via the rope pulley 51 and extends horizontally beneath the boom 30 in the direction of the boom tip. As already described, the hoist rope 40 is guided by the rope pulley pairs 62a, 62b of the trolley 60 or of the hook block 61 until it is deflected at the boom tip by the rope reeving pulley 80 and is fixedly connected to the boom structure at the end side in the region of the boom tip. The view X shows a front view of the boom tip. The rope reeving pulley 80 is pivotably connected to the boom tip via an axle 82 extending in parallel with the longitudinal boom axis.

(9) The representation in accordance with FIG. 2 shows the crane configuration which is operated during the luffing mode. The trolley 60 is fixed for this purpose at the anyway provided transport or dismantling latch position 130 and is held against a travel movement in the longitudinal axial direction of the boom 30. The hoist rope fixing point is released in the region of the boom tip with respect to the crane configuration of FIG. 1. The end of the hoist rope 40 is connected to a hook block 90 provided for the luffing operation or is latched thereto. The hoist rope 40 is admittedly still guided by the deflection pulleys 62a, 62b of the trolley 60 or of the hook block 61; however, this has no influence on the crane operation in the luffing mode.

(10) In the region of the boom tip, the reeving pulley 80 is used as a deflection pulley to deflect the hoist rope at the boom tip to the hook block 90. The view X of FIG. 2 likewise shows a front view of the boom tip. The rope reeving pulley/deflection pulley 80 hangs perpendicular at the boom tip with a horizontally extending axis of rotation.

(11) The trolley is not latched to the boom tip, but rather in a position, which is favorable with respect to its weight, further inwardly close to the tower 10, which results in an increase in the maximum crane payload. The crane operation is switched from a two-line operation in the trolley mode into a single-line operation in the luffing mode by the re-reeving of the hoist rope 40 for the luffing mode. Additional hoist rope length hereby becomes free, which is in particular of advantage with great hook heights having a steep boom position.

(12) The effective outreach of the crane during the luffing mode can moreover be maximized with respect to trolley operation. As the dashed contours in FIG. 2 indicate, the trolley 60 cannot be completely traveled up to the boom tip due to the technical circumstances. The maximum possible outreach of the trolley 60 or of the crane hook 61 is smaller by the spacing ΔL from the boom tip.

(13) The hoist rope 40 is deflected directly at the boom tip with the aid of the deflection pulley 80 by the change of the crane configuration in the luffing mode, whereby an outreach gain of ΔL is achieved. The system-induced loss of effective outreach during the trolley mode is consequently avoided in the luffing mode.

(14) The following individual method steps are required for the change of the crane configuration starting from the trolley mode to the luffing mode:

(15) Initially, the crane hook 90 for the luffing mode is set at the target destination at the ground still during the trolley mode. Subsequently, the trolley 60 and its hook 61 are latched at the boom 30 in the dismantling position 130. The boom tip is let down to the proximity of the ground with an extended boom 30 so that the hoist rope fixing point at the boom tip can be released from the ground. The released hoist rope 50 is secured at the boom 30 including the rope pulleys. The rope reeving pulley 80 is used as a deflection pulley 80 when dismantled. In this respect, the position of the rope reeving pulley 80 at the boom can be varied to be able to provide ideal conditions for the luffing mode.

(16) The now free hoist rope fixing point is latched to the available hook 90. The hoist rope security is subsequently released and the boom 30 is pulled up.

(17) In addition, one or more sensors are available at the crane which measure the local geometry at the boom system and which derive the current equipment status using the measured data. The result is communicated to the crane control or to the crane operator.

(18) The above-described method steps are carried out in reverse order for the change of the crane configuration from the luffing mode to the trolley mode.

(19) A simple possibility of changing the boom configuration during the conversion results by the change of the crane configuration, in particular by the change of the hoist rope reeving. One or more additional elements can be mounted particularly simply and fast at the boom tip for extending the boom 30 during the re-reeving of the hoist rope 40 with a let-down boom 30.

(20) FIG. 3a schematically shows the possibility of extending the boom 30. A boom extension 100 such as a lattice tip can be mounted at the boom tip. Alternatively or additionally, other boom elements can also be introduced into the boom system for providing different functions. There is thus the possibility here of attaching individual elements or apparatus for displaying information to the boom tip. In this connection, reference is in particular made to the attachment of billboards or of electronic display means for the presentation of advertising information.

(21) The above-described method for mode changing is made use of for the mounting of a boom extension or of an additional boom element. At least one extension 100 or on additional element, is, however, provided in advance in addition to the crane hook 90.

(22) The method is subsequently carried out up to the securing of the hoist rope 40. The mounting of the boom extension 100 at the boom tip subsequently takes place. As shown in the detailed view in accordance with FIG. 3b, the hoist rope fixing point is connected for this purpose to a securing rope 110 which extends up to the tip of the boom extension 100. The securing rope 110 can be wound up onto a hand winch 120 to pull the hoist rope from the boom tip up to the outer end of the boom extension 100. The rope reeving pulley 80 is dismantled at the boom tip and is fastened to the tip of the boom extension 100. The hoist rope 40 and the reeving pulley 80 are secured at the new position up to the erection of the boom 30. The rope reeving pulley 80 mounted at the boom extension takes over the function of a deflection pulley 80 for guiding the hoist rope 40 up to the crane hook 90. A provided sensor system also recognizes the changed configuration in this case and communicates it to the crane control.

(23) The invention now allows a fast change of the crane configuration between the trolley mode and the luffing mode with little equipping effort. The crane in accordance with the invention and the method in accordance with the invention ensure a particularly flexible crane deployment at construction sites with particularly tight space conditions.