Apparatus and Method for Preparing a Ninhydrin Reagent

Abstract

A method for preparing a ninhydrin reagent for use in the analysis of nitrogen-containing compounds is provided, the method comprising irradiating a ninhydrin-containing composition with UV light. An apparatus for preparing a ninhydrin reagent for use in the analysis of nitrogen-containing compounds is also provided, the apparatus comprising a conduit having an inlet for receiving a ninhydrin-containing composition and an outlet for discharging a ninhydrin reagent; and a light source for irradiating the ninhydrin-containing composition within the conduit with UV light. A method for analysing one or more nitrogen-containing compounds comprises irradiating a ninhydrin-containing composition with UV light in an activation zone to produce a ninhydrin reagent; and contacting the ninhydrin reagent with the nitrogen-containing compounds in a reaction zone.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a ninhydrin reagent for use in the analysis of nitrogen-containing compounds, the method comprising: irradiating a ninhydrin-containing composition with UV light.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ninhydrin concentration present in the ninhydrin-containing composition is from 0.1% to 5% w/v.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ninhydrin-containing composition comprises an aqueous buffer.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the aqueous buffer comprises a weak acid and one of its conjugate bases/salts.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the aqueous buffer maintains the pH at a value between 3 to 7.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ninhydrin-containing composition further comprises one or more organic solvents.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the organic solvent is selected from dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, sulfolane, carbitol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, methylcellosolve, methanol, ethanol and propanol.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of organic solvent is from 5% v/v to 75% w/v.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ninhydrin-containing composition does not comprise hydrindantin or a reducing agent.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of hydrindantin formed is from 0.01 to 0.3% w/v.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the concentration of hydrindantin formed is from 0.01 to 0.15% w/v.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein one or more UV light sources are used to radiate the ninhydrin-containing composition with UV light.

13. (canceled)

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the UV light source is configured to emit UV light with wavelengths in the range of from 190 nm to 430 nm.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the UV light source is configured to emit UV light with wavelengths in the range of from 350 nm to 370 nm.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the UV light source is configured to emit UV light with a wavelength of 365 nm.

17. The method according to claim 12, wherein the intensity of light emitted by the UV light source is in the range of from 10 mW to 10,000 mW.

18. (canceled)

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ninhydrin-containing composition is irradiated with UV light at a temperature below 100° C.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the ninhydrin-containing composition is irradiated with UV light at a temperature of from 20° C. and 25° C.

21. (canceled)

22. (canceled)

23. (canceled)

24. (canceled)

25. (canceled)

26. (canceled)

27. (canceled)

28. (canceled)

29. (canceled)

30. (canceled)

31. (canceled)

32. (canceled)

33. (canceled)

34. (canceled)

35. A method for analysing one or more nitrogen-containing compounds, the method comprising: irradiating a ninhydrin-containing composition with UV light in an activation zone to produce a ninhydrin reagent; and contacting the ninhydrin reagent with the nitrogen-containing compounds in a reaction zone.

36. (canceled)

37. The method according to claim 35 wherein the temperature within the activation zone is below 100° C.

38. The method according to claim 35, wherein the temperature within the reaction zone is in the range of from 100° C. to 160° C.

39. (canceled)

40. The method according to claim 35, wherein the residence or dwell time of the components in the reaction zone is in the range of from 10 to 180 seconds.

41. (canceled)

Description

[0096] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only, having reference to the accompanying drawings, in which;

[0097] FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention;

[0098] FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating an amino acid analyser for carrying out the method of a further aspect of the present invention.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an apparatus, generally indicated as 2 for irradiating a nitrogen-containing composition with UV light. The apparatus 2 comprises a housing 4, the housing 4 comprising a conduit 6. The conduit 6 comprises an inlet 8 for receiving a ninhydrin-containing composition and an outlet 10 for discharging a hydrindantin-containing composition. As shown, the conduit 6 is generally cylindrical in shape.

[0100] The housing 4 further comprises a first opening 12 for receiving the inlet 8 of the conduit 6 and a second opening 14 for receiving the outlet 10 of the conduit 6. As shown, the conduit 6 extends between the first and second openings 12, 14 of the housing 4. In this way, access to the conduit 6 from outside the housing 4 is possible. In use, a continuous stream of the ninhydrin-containing composition may be delivered to the inlet 8 of the conduit 6 and discharged through the outlet 10 of the conduit 6 through the respective openings (12 and 14) of the housing 4.

[0101] Whilst present within the conduit 6, the ninhydrin-containing composition is irradiated with UV light, such that a proportion of the ninhydrin is converted to hydrindantin. In this respect, the housing 4 comprises one or more UV light sources 16, for radiating the ninhydrin-containing composition within the conduit 6 with UV light. As shown, the one or more UV light sources 16 are situated exterior to the conduit 6, on or adjacent to the internal surface 18 of the housing 4, such that the UV light is directed towards the periphery of the conduit 6. The internal surface 18 of the housing 4 comprises a reflective material, to ensure that at least a major portion, more preferably all of the conduit is irradiated by UV light. The apparatus 2 further comprises one or more heat sinks 20 for maintaining the temperature of the one or more UV light sources at room temperature. One or more heat sinks are provided on the external surface 22 of the housing 4 to direct heat generated by the one or more UV light sources 16 away from the housing 4.

[0102] In FIG. 1, the conduit 6 is made from a material such as plastic and is therefore unable to support itself in the correct position, that being the position in which at least a portion of the conduit 6, more preferably the entire conduit 6, is capable of being irradiated with UV light. Accordingly, as shown, the conduit 6 is wound around a support member 24 for supporting the conduit 6 in the correct position. The support member 24 is generally cylindrical in shape and is positioned directly underneath the one or more UV light sources 16.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown an amino acid analyser for carrying out the method of the present invention, generally indicated as 26. The amino acid analyser 26 does not show the means for separating the amino acid sample into its constituent components. However, as discussed above, various known techniques for separating amino acids may be employed. The amino acid analyser 26 comprises an activation zone 28 for irradiating a ninhydrin containing composition with UV light and a reaction zone 30, used to react the hydrindantin-containing composition so produced with nitrogen-containing compounds at an elevated temperature.

[0104] The activation zone 28 and reaction zone 30 are arranged according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the activation zone 28 is contained within a separate chamber or vessel to that of reaction zone 30 and is located upstream of the reaction zone 30. In an alternative arrangement, the activation zone 28 and the reaction zone 30 are within a single chamber or vessel, with the activation zone 28 comprising an upstream region of the chamber or vessel and the reaction zone 30 comprising a downstream region of the chamber or vessel.

[0105] The amino acid analyser 26 further comprises a first feed line 32. The first feed line 32 is located upstream of the activation zone 28 and is used to deliver the ninhydrin-containing composition into the amino acid analyser 26. In this embodiment, the components of the ninhydrin-containing composition are delivered to the activation zone 28 together as a mixture. The activation zone 28 irradiates the ninhydrin-containing composition with UV light at room temperature for a pre-determined period of time. The hydrindantin-containing composition so produced is then delivered to the reaction zone 30.

[0106] The amino acid analyser 26 further comprises a second feed line 34. The second feed line 34 delivers the amino acids into the amino acid analyser 26. The second feed line 34 delivers the amino acids to a site downstream of the activation zone 28 but upstream of the reaction zone 30, indicated as 36. In an alternative embodiment indicated as 38, the second feed line 34 delivers the amino acids directly to the reaction zone 30.

[0107] The reaction zone 30 heats the activated ninhydrin reagent and amino acids to an elevated temperature for a predetermined period of time. The reaction products are delivered to a photometer 40 where the concentration and characteristics of the amino acids is detected and measured.

EXAMPLE

[0108] An apparatus according to FIG. 1 was used to form a ninhydrin reagent comprising hydrindantin for use on an amino acid analyser. The apparatus comprised 4 high efficiency UV LEDs; the optical characteristics of each LED at 25° C. being as follows: [0109] Peak wavelength: 365 nm [0110] Radiant flux (intensity) at 700 mA: 320 mW [0111] Viewing angle (2θ.sub.1/2): 85° [0112] Total included angle (θ.sub.0.9V): 100°

[0113] The intensity of each LED was controlled using pulse width modulation at a fixed current of 360 mA. In use, the pulse width could be varied between 0% and 100%, providing a maximum total intensity range of 658 mW radiant flux.

[0114] The characteristics of the conduit (reaction coil) were as follows; [0115] Internal diameter: 0.15 cm [0116] Length: 1.7 metres

[0117] Two experiments were conducted, one in which a ninhydrin-containing composition comprising an organic solvent was irradiated with UV light using the apparatus according to FIG. 1 and another in which a ninhydrin-containing composition comprising no organic solvent was irradiated with UV light using the apparatus according to FIG. 1. The results of these two experiments are as follows;

EXAMPLE 1

Ninhydrin-Containing Composition Comprising an Organic Solvent

[0118] A ninhydrin-containing composition comprising 2% w/v ninhydrin, 50% w/v ethylene glycol and 1M sodium acetate buffer adjusted to pH 5.2 was irradiated with UV light using the apparatus according to FIG. 1. The flow rate through the conduit (reaction coil) was set at 0.30 ml/min giving a residence time in the apparatus of 10 minutes. The pulse width modulation was set at 35% giving a total radiant flux intensity of 230 mW. A hydrindantin concentration of 0.12% w/v was obtained in the resulting product.

EXAMPLE 2

Ninhydrin-containing composition without organic solvent:

[0119] A ninhydrin-containing composition comprising 2% w/v ninhydrin and 1M sodium acetate buffer adjusted to pH 5.2 was radiated with UV light using the apparatus according to FIG. 1. The flow rate through the conduit (reaction coil) was set at 0.30 ml/min giving a residence time in the apparatus of 10 minutes. The PWM was set at 25% giving a total radiant flux intensity of 165 mW. A hydrindantin concentration of 0.08% w/v was obtained in the resulting product.

[0120] It is to be appreciated that the concentration of hydrindantin produced can be varied, for example, by increasing or decreasing the concentration of ninhydrin, the flow rate, the length of the conduit, the number of LED light sources and the intensity at which they radiate UV light.