RESOURCE CONTROLLER FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN A TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK

Abstract

The present invention provides a resource controller for resource management in a telecommunication network, the telecommunication network providing a first set of resources for cellular communication and a second set of resources for direct device-to-device, D2D, communication between UEs, the resource controller comprising a measurement request unit being arranged to request a measurement be performed by at least one user equipment, the measurement indicating a capacity utilization of the second set of resources; and a resource pool adaption unit being arranged to adapt the first set of resources and the second set of resources as a function of the performed measurement. In particular, where no resources are available for D2D communication, a UE may request a bearer setup and in response suitable resources for D2D communication are provided.

Claims

1. A resource controller for resource management in a telecommunication network, the telecommunication network providing a first set of resources for cellular communication and a second set of resources for direct device-to-device communication between user equipment, the resource controller comprising: a measurement request unit being arranged to request a measurement be performed by at least one user equipment, UE, the measurement indicating a capacity utilization of the second set of resources; and a resource pool adaption unit being arranged to adapt the first set of resources and/or the second set of resources as a function of the performed measurement, characterized in that the resource controller is arranged on receipt of a bearer setup message from a first UE for the establishment of a connection to a second UE with an indication of missing resources for device-to-device communication to make a decision as to whether to reconfigure the second set of resources and inform the first UE accordingly in order that the first UE can establish a device-to-device communication or to perform a connection establishment.

2. The resource controller according to claim 1, wherein the resource pool adaption unit is arranged to dynamically allocate provided resources for either the first set of resources or for the second set of resources.

3. The resource controller according claim 1, wherein the device-to-device communication provides proximity services.

4. The resource controller claim 1, wherein the resource controller is arranged to demand additional resources from the network in case a current capacity of the first and the second set of resources is insufficient.

5. The resource controller according to claim 1, wherein the resource pool adaption unit is arranged to adapt the sets of resources as a function of a provided adaption metric.

6. The resource controller according to claim 5, wherein the adaption metric considers at least one of a number of received measurements indicating a capacity utilization, a location stamp, a time stamp, a geographic position of the user equipment, a distance to at least one further user equipment, a distance to at least one further network device, a service to be provided by a user equipment, a wait period of a user equipment, a mean waiting time, energy being detected on at least one carrier, device-to-device information from other devices on at least one carrier and a network configuration.

7. The resource controller according to claim 1, wherein the message from the first UE contains information that the second UE is proximal to the first UE.

8. The resource controller according to claim 7, wherein the message from the first UE contains information indicating measurement results of device-to-device communication resource allocation and an indication of missing device-to-device communication resources.

9. A method for resource management in a telecommunication network, the telecommunication network providing a first set of resources for cellular communication and a second set of resources for direct device-to-device communication between user equipment, UE, the method comprising: requesting a measurement be performed by at least one user equipment, the measurement indicating a capacity utilization of the second set of resources; and adapting the first set of resources and the second set of resources as a function of the performed measurement, and receiving a bearer setup message from a first UE for the establishment of a connection to a second UE with an indication of missing resources for device-to-device communication, making a decision as to whether to reconfigure the second set of resources and inform the first UE accordingly in order that the first UE can establish a device-to-device communication or to perform a connection establishment.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the message from the first UE contains information that the second UE is proximal to the first UE.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the message from the first UE contains information indicating measurement results of device-to-device communication resource allocation and an indication of missing device-to-device communication resources.

12. A user equipment, UE, for direct device-to-device communication, comprising: means for receiving a measurement request for capacity utilization from a resource controller; means for measuring the capacity utilization; means for reporting the capacity utilization to the resource controller; means for receiving a resource pool re-configuration message according to the reported capacity utilization; and means for selecting a communication resource from the re-configured resource pool as a function of the received resource pool re-configuration message, characterized in that the UE is arranged to send a bearer setup message for the establishment of a connection to a second UE with an indication of missing resources for device-to-device communication and in response to a bearer setup reject message with an indication of a changed resource allocation to establish a device-to-device communication.

13. A method performed in a user equipment, UE, for establishing device-to-device communication, the method comprising: receiving a measurement request for capacity utilization from a resource controller; measuring the capacity utilization; reporting the capacity utilization to the resource controller; receiving a resource pool re-configuration message according to the reported capacity utilization; and selecting a communication resource from the re-configured resource pool as a function of the received resource pool re-configuration message, characterized in that the method further comprises sending a bearer setup message for the establishment of a connection to a second UE with an indication of missing resources for device-to-device communication and in response to a bearer setup reject message with an indication of a changed resource allocation establishing a device-to-device communication.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the bearer setup message contains information that the second UE is proximal to the UE.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the bearer setup message contains information indicating measurement results of device-to-device communication resource allocation and an indication of missing device-to-device communication resources.

Description

[0039] The invention will now be described merely by way of illustration with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

[0040] FIG. 1 shows a resource controller arrangement for resource management in a telecommunication network according to an aspect of the present invention;

[0041] FIG. 2 shows a method for operating said resource controller arrangement for resource management in a telecommunication network according to an aspect of the present invention;

[0042] FIG. 3 shows a usage scenario of a method for resource management in a telecommunication network according to an aspect of the present invention;

[0043] FIG. 4 shows a further usage scenario of a further method for resource management in a telecommunication network according to a further aspect of the present invention;

[0044] FIG. 5 shows a further usage scenario of a further method for resource management in a telecommunication network according to a further aspect of the present invention;

[0045] FIG. 6 shows a sequence protocol illustrating a method for resource management in a telecommunication network according to an aspect of the present invention;

[0046] FIG. 7 shows a further sequence protocol illustrating a method for resource management in a telecommunication network according to a further aspect of the present invention; and

[0047] FIG. 8 shows a further sequence protocol illustrating a method for resource management in a telecommunication network according to a further aspect of the present invention.

[0048] In the following same notions will be denoted with the same reference signs if not indicated otherwise.

[0049] FIG. 1 shows a resource controller arrangement 100 for resource management in a telecommunication network N. The telecommunication network N provides a first set of resources for cellular communication and a second set of resources for direct device-to-device communication between user equipment UE and comprises a measurement request unit 101 being arranged to request R a measurement being performed by at least one user equipment UE, the measurement indicating a capacity utilization of the second set of resources and furthermore comprises a resource pool adaption unit 102 being arranged to adapt the first set of resources and the second set of resources as a function of the performed measurement.

[0050] As being shown in FIG. 1 the measurement request unit 101 as well as the resource pool adaption unit 102 may reside on a shared device. Hence, the resource controller arrangement 100 may be formed by a single resource controller 100. It may furthermore be the case that all of the involved units, for instance unit 101 and 102, are deployed among several devices. It may for instance be of advantage to provide a user equipment UE, which holds the measurement request unit 101 performing automated measurements. Furthermore a base station can be provided for implementation of the resource pool adaption unit 102. The measurement request unit 101 and the resource pool adaption unit 102 are connectively coupled. Therefore it is possible that the resource pool adaption unit 102 invokes a measurement of a capacity utilization. After having performed this step the measurement request unit requests from at least one user equipment UE to perform such a measurement. The user equipment UE can optionally be arranged to address further units for performing the required measurement.

[0051] The person skilled in the art appreciates that a measurement is a non-restrictive notion, which can be likewise described as detection of a capacity utilization. Therefore, a measurement can be performed by reading out a memory, a configuration file or any further hardware/transmission status. In case such a status is read out by the measurement request unit 101 several further units for measuring may be applied, such as respectively arranged sensors. It may therefore be of advantage that a detection indicating a capacity utilization is applied.

[0052] Referring to FIG. 1 it can be seen that the measurement request unit 101 is connectively coupled to at least one user equipment UE. Hence, the measurement indicating a capacity utilization is either performed by one single user equipment UE or by several user equipment UE. It may be the case that all user equipment UE being subscribed in a cell are involved in the measurement of the capacity utilization. The present invention therefore allows a sensing of required resources for device-to-device communication and/or cellular communication. It is therefore possible to detect how many and exactly which resources are required for a set of user equipment UE that are involved in device-to-device communication and furthermore how many and which resources are required for cellular communication. On the basis of this information the resource pool adaption unit 102 decides how to adapt the first set of resources for cellular communication and the second set of resources for direct device-to-device communication. In case the first set of resources is already exhausted and further available resources are detected in the second set of resources a reallocation of resources can be accomplished providing more resources for cellular communication and less resources for direct device-to-device communication. The same applies the other way round in case the second set of resources is found to be exhausted and there are freely available resources in the first set of resources. It may furthermore also occur that both sets of resources are exhausted and the resource pool adaption unit 102 has to request additional resources from other network devices to enhance at least one of the two resource pools.

[0053] According to a further aspect in a mobile telecommunications system according to LTE/LTE-Advanced, said additional resources could for instance be provided by another cell or frequency layer, i.e. by handing over some of those user equipment UEs that only require a cellular connection as opposed to a direct device-to-device connection. For example, the other cell could be a neighbour cell of the same or different radio access technology and the other frequency layer could be provided by carrier aggregation methods if these are offered at the respective location.

[0054] A request R for capacity utilization measurement can be performed either by a direct invocation of such a measurement or can be accomplished according to a predefined time table (i.e. the measurement(s) is/are triggered by a timer). It may also be of advantage to invoke such a measurement on the basis of a specific user behavior (i.e. the measurement(s) is/are triggered by an event). For instance a user equipment UE shows a certain transmission behavior and thereupon measurements are performed for instance before each sending and/or transmission step. Hence, the measurement request unit triggers the measurements on a provided metric. In the present FIG. 1 the measurement is handed back to the measurement request unit 101. The person skilled in the art appreciates that the resulting measurement values can be handed back directly or indirectly to the resource pool adaption unit 102. This may for instance be performed by a communication with any network device such as an intermediate network device as the base station. It may further be of advantage to store such measurements in a database DB for further processing. Such a database can, according to further aspects of the present invention, also be arranged to provide instructions for causing the resource controller arrangement 100 or further units, such as the measurement request unit 101 and the resource pool adaption unit 102 to perform according to the present invention. The database DB, for instance a server or a memory of any of the present units is connectively coupled to at least one of said units or the resource controller arrangement 100. Therefore the database DB may be implemented physically on one of the suggested units. It can also be a part of any network device, such as the base station, and provide the instructions over a wireless network.

[0055] While the present embodiment according to FIG. 1 illustrates an implementation of the measurement request unit 101 and the resource pool adaption unit 102 on a single shared module, it may also be of advantage to provide such units on one or across several user equipment UE. This enables a method according to the present invention to be performed also in a mobile device-to-device communication scenario. Such a usage scenario may therefore be accomplished without a cellular communication network and therefore without providing the central unit N. In case the user equipment UE perform a direct device-to-device communication the situation may change with their change regarding the geographic position. While at a first point in time only device-to-device communication is possible, it may further occur that at a different geographic location a subscription to a cellular communication takes place and additional resources for the first set of resources are available. Hence, each of the measurement request unit 101 and the resource pool adaption unit 102 can be provided redundantly throughout the user equipment UE and the involved base stations. While at a first point in time units, such as the measurement request unit 101 and/or the resource pool adaption unit 102, of the user equipment are used for accomplishing the suggested method at a second point in time the measurement request unit 101 and/or the resource pool adaption unit 102 of a base station may be used. Hence, the involved units can also be present in both the user equipment UE as well as the telecommunication network N and can be addressed according to the very specific situation of the geographic location of the user equipment UE.

[0056] While at a first point in time only direct device-to-device communication may be possible at a further second point in time also cellular communication may be available and therefore a dynamic adaption of the two sets of resources is required. The suggested resource controller arrangement 100 is arranged to adapt the provided pools according to each specific user equipment UE situation. This provides the advantage that no resources are left unused in case they are required and furthermore that common resources can be shared by a respective rearrangement of each of the provided pools.

[0057] Referring to the present FIG. 1 the person skilled in the art appreciates that further units, which are not shown in the present figure, may be required and furthermore that the dataflow as being indicated by the arrows can be performed also in a different way. The provided arrows may for instance be implemented in an alternative fashion such that the indicated logical or physical interfaces can be provided as a physical bus system or by wireless communication.

[0058] FIG. 2 shows a method for radio resource management in a telecommunication network according to an aspect of the present invention. In a first optional step 200 a telecommunication network is provided and a set of user equipment subscribes to base stations or establishes a direct device-to-device communication as a typical usage scenario of a telecommunication network. In a further method step 201 a measurement request is triggered, which invokes a measurement, which is afterwards performed in method step 202 by at least one user equipment. For performing said measurements further method steps may be required for synchronization of user equipment such that they provide one or several measurements indicating a capacity utilization of required resources for direct device-to-device communication. These measurement results are handed over in step 203 to a resource pool adaption unit. In a further step 204 the resource pool adaption unit interprets the measurements as being provided in step 203 and in further steps the respectively available resources are readapted. Therefore a reallocation configuration is set up in step 205. In step 206 resources from the first pool of resources can be made available. These resources are reallocated in step 207 as being part of the resource pool for direct device-to-device communication. In an additional optional method step 208 further measurements can be invoked for detection if the capacity utilization is now in balance, which terminates the suggested method. It may also be measured that the allocation is still not appropriate according to posed requirements and a further reallocation step is necessary.

[0059] The person skilled in the art appreciates that the aforementioned method steps may be performed iteratively or at least partly in a different order. It is of advantage to perform single steps, such as the capacity utilization measurement step iteratively, while a re-adaption of the sets of resources is only accomplished if inappropriate capacity utilization is detected. At any step it is also possible that the configuration of the underlying network changes and therefore that after any of the provided steps the method step 200 is accomplished. This is the case if the network is changed according to a handover from one base station to another or that additional user equipment are available for direct device-to-device communication.

[0060] FIG. 3 shows a usage scenario of the method for resource management in a telecommunication network according to an aspect of the present invention. Especially the resource pools are shown, which divide the overall existing resources. In the present embodiment the resources are indicated by six rectangles. At a first point in time two resource units are allocated for direct device-to-device communication and are therefore occupied OCC. Furthermore four resource units are allocated as cellular resources CR. In a first step 301 the user equipment UE performs a resource allocation measurement, also referred to as capacity utilization measurement (or capacity utilization measurement), maybe by its own motion, because itself requires further direct device-to-device resources, also referred to as D2D-ProSe resources, from the second pool. The invocation of the measurement may also be performed by the resource controller RC, which may be part of the eNB or the ProSe function. The ProSe function may be operated according to standard TS 23.303, version 12.0.1. While measuring the user equipment UE detects that a strong resource utilization is currently the case and that no resources are available. This is signaled to the resource controller RC in method step 302. The resource controller RC thereupon configures the sets of resources in a way that the second pool receives additional resources for instance by a decreased resource allocation of the first pool. This adaption is signaled to the other user equipment in method step 303. As can be seen at the bottom of this figure, the cellular resources CR are decreased by one resource unit. This one single resource unit, which is denoted as being “free” is afterwards assigned to the second pool of resources. Hence, in a final resource configuration the second pool comprises two occupied OCC resource units and one freely available resource unit.

[0061] FIG. 4 shows a further usage scenario of the suggested method for resource management in a telecommunication network according to a further aspect of the present invention. In this embodiment an initial resource configuration holds four resource units in the second pool for direct device-to-device communication as being depicted in the topmost resource configuration on the left hand side. Hence, the first pool providing the cellular resources CR only comprises two resource units. The second pool of resources comprises one occupied resource unit OCC and three freely available resource units. The user equipment UE according to this embodiment performs a measurement of the resource utilization in method step 401 and reports to the resource controller in a further method step 402 that three resource units are freely available. Thereupon the resource controller decides to allocate two more resource units for the cellular resources CR which after the adaption of both pools comprises four resource units. As previously in the initial resource configuration three D2D resources were available and only two have been reallocated to be comprised in the first pool; as a result one D2D resource is still freely available.

[0062] FIG. 5 shows a further usage scenario of the method for resource management in a telecommunication network according to a further aspect of the present invention. In the present embodiment the first user equipment UE1 reports missing resources (for D2D communication) and the second user equipment UE2 reports freely available resources (for D2D communication). This situation occurs in case the first user equipment UE1 is in close proximity to a huge variety of D2D user equipment and furthermore the second user equipment UE2 is located at only a few active D2D user equipment. Both user equipment UE1 and UE2 are subscribed within the same cell but located distantly such that no mutual interference occurs.

[0063] In this situation two approaches can be applied according to the present invention.

[0064] Firstly, the resource controller RC makes a majority decision. That is, it increases the resource pool (for D2D communication) when a certain number of user equipment reports too few resources and it reduces the pool of resources (for D2D communication) when few or no user equipment report missing resources. The resource configuration is always active in this example over the entire cell, in which it is transmitted. It may also include other decision criteria further than the majority or the sheer number of user equipment reporting a need for resources. Therefore, the majority decision is only mentioned as an example within this embodiment.

[0065] Secondly, the resource controller RC determines position dependent resource pools. The user equipment UE transmit their current location together with the measurement report to the resource controller RC. The resource controller RC will then increase the device-to-device resource pool at the position of the first user equipment UE1 and decrease the respective pool at the position of the second user equipment UE2, if UE1 and UE2 are not residing in the same cell. In another embodiment, if UE1 and UE2 are residing in the same cell, the resource controller RC will increase the device-to-device resource pool at the position of the first user equipment UE1 (by assigning previously free resources to said resource pool) and decrease the device-to-device resource pool at the position of the second user equipment UE2 (by freeing resources previously assigned to D2D), while leaving the first resource pool for cellular communication the same. Therefore, the resource configuration can be enhanced by an absolute positioning information or a relative position is indicated, for instance that the resources are only available in case one user equipment is in close proximity to another user equipment. This may be defined between specific user equipment or between several user equipment, such as a cluster of user equipment. Therefore, it is mandatory to add location information to the resources of the first pool, namely the resource pool for cellular communication. It can be determined if a user equipment requiring cellular resources is in proximity to a cluster controller. The D2D resources being assigned to this cluster are not allocated for cellular transmissions in case the user equipment is in a close proximity. The resource controller has for this purpose to detect the configured device-to-device resources and the respective cluster controller of the instance configuring the cellular resources, for instance the eNB. In case the measurement results of the device-to-device user equipment contain location information this information can also be used for further scenarios as described above and the respective decisions of the resource controller RC. For instance it may be known by the resource controller RC or the eNB that the cellular resources, first pool of a cell are more or less unused but at the specific position, which lacks resources of the second pool, such resources are freely available. Therefore, an efficient reallocation of resources takes place. This is accomplished by an efficient and dynamic resource management between the set of resources for direct device-to-device communication 501 and the pool for cellular connection 502. Such a logic may be implemented in the base station BS or among the user equipment UE1 or UE2.

[0066] FIG. 6 illustrates a usage scenario of the suggested method for resource management in a telecommunication network according to a further aspect of the present invention. FIG. 6 especially addresses the issue at what point in time the measurements are performed. According to an aspect of the present invention the user equipment itself initiates the measurement. Therefore, the user equipment itself provides the measurement request unit. In a first step 600 the user equipment decides to use a direct device-to-device communication. In a further method step 601 a resource occupation measurement is performed. In case no or too few free resources are found in step 602 a resource pool reconfiguration request is signalled to the resource controller RC which evaluates in step 603 a potential resource configuration. This resource pool configuration is handed back to the user equipment which performs an additional resource occupation measurement in method step 604. Furthermore, freely available resources are occupied in method step 605.

[0067] The self-initiated measurement is of advantage in case the user equipment intends to use a resource or currently uses such a resource because it benefits from the result. In case no resources or a few resources are available it sends a message to the resource controller RC. The resource controller thereupon initiates a resource reallocation regarding the resource pools and signals the amended resource pools.

[0068] It may further be of advantage that the resource controller RC sends a message to single or to several D2D user equipment, also referred to as dedicated signalling or broadcast signalling, when measurements of the resource allocations are to be performed.

[0069] FIG. 7 shows a further usage scenario of the suggested method for resource reconfiguration according to an aspect of the present invention. In this embodiment a measurement schedule is provided, for instance by storing such a schedule in the user equipment. It may be configured that each D2D device performs measurements after a period of time such as every 5 minutes and in addition every 60 minutes in case it does not use direct communication. The measurement results can be immediately or according to additional requirements signalled to the resource controller. Hence, a period of time P1 may be provided which separates two measurements. Alternatively, the user equipment could be configured to collect/write a number of (consecutive) measurements into a log file. Hence, a number A of (consecutive) measurements to be stored may be provided. A period of time P2 may also be provided, which separates two reporting activities (transmission of the log file containing the measurements from UE to the resource controller RC).

[0070] It can also be of advantage that the user devices which are transmitting, or intend to transmit, perform measurements and report said measurements. User equipment, which are only receiving signals may not need to perform a measurement. This is of advantage as the number of measurements and the reports to be transmitted is reduced without limiting the provided functionality.

[0071] When performing such measurements it may be of advantage to detect the energy or the signal strength on the device-to-device resources. A high energy or a signal strength indicates an occupied resource.

[0072] Furthermore, device-to-device communication typical signals, such as pilots or reference signals, can be detected and evaluated. It may furthermore be of advantage to receive further signals and evaluate them, such as the ID of the originator of the measured signals, such that measurements may provide information which indicate the user of a resource. This information can be provided to the resource controller RC.

[0073] A mean waiting period can be provided for using D2D resources. A longer period of time of waiting indicates a strong occupancy of the D2D resource.

[0074] Regarding the measurements it has to be distinguished between measurements of D2D resources for D2D communication, such as LTE direct communication, and for D2D discovery such as the LTE direct discovery. The measurement results are evaluated separately in the user equipment and afterwards are reported to the resource controller in case a predefined threshold is underrun or is exceeded.

[0075] In the present FIG. 7 an occupation measurement schedule is generated in method step 700 and is furthermore transmitted to the user equipment. Such an occupation measurement schedule may include the period as specified above as well as conditions for measurement. The occupation measurement schedule may also include whether the measurement is performed on resources dedicated to D2D communication, D2D discovery, both or whether the D2D usage is undefined. The occupation measurement schedule may also include detailed information about the resources to be measured and which of the measurement methods mentioned previously or not mentioned is to be used for the occupation measurement. Furthermore, the occupation measurement schedule may also include detailed instructions about log file creation (e.g., how many measurements per log file, etc.) and log file reporting (how often, reporting triggers, etc.). Upon reception the user equipment applies the occupation measurement schedule in method step 701 and performs an occupation measurement and furthermore performs a respective reporting in method step 702. The occupation measurement report is hence handed back to resource controller. After a certain period of time P1 the occupation measurement is performed again in method step 703 and again reported to the resource controller RC.

[0076] FIG. 8 shows a further usage scenario of the method for resource management in a telecommunication network according to the present invention. In a first step 800 a resource occupation measurement is performed, which leads to a detection in method step 801 that no or too few free resources are found. Thereupon a bearer setup request is signalled to the resource controller. Such a bearer setup request may include the target D2D device, a respective reason for transmitting the report, such as missing D2D resources, and may further include the occupation measurement report. The resource reconfiguration is then evaluated in method step 802, which leads to a decision to use D2D in method step 803 according to the present embodiment. In which case a bearer setup reject message is sent to the UE with a reason “redirection to D2D-Resources, Resource-Pool update” and an additional resource occupation measurement is performed in method step 804. Thereupon freely available resources can be occupied in method step 805 and a D2D connection established.

[0077] In further embodiments of the present invention the user equipment intending to use direct device-to-device communication decide whether D2D communication should take place at all or if the connections to one or several other D2D user equipment is to be performed over a cellular mobile telecommunication connection. After evaluation of the available resources a decision can be immediately made in case the transmission is possible or it has to be decided to launch one of the above mentioned approaches for allocating additional D2D resources.

[0078] In case the decision is against the usage of the device-to-device communication resources a connection establishment over the infrastructure of the cellular mobile telecommunication network is performed.

[0079] A combined message is of special advantage in case an intended D2D connection lacks sufficient D2D resources. The user equipment sends in this case a message requesting an establishment of connection to the cellular network. This message comprises the information that the target is an end device in close proximity. This message is enhanced by the information indicating the measurement results of the device-to-device communication resource allocation and the reason for the cellular establishment of connection, namely the missing device-to-device communication resources. According to this setting it can be a wise decision of the network to either provide additional device-to-device communication resources and to replace the cellular establishment of connection by a device-to-device communication direct connection and to signal this to the user equipment or to establish a cellular connection and perform the necessary steps.

[0080] As set forth above a device for cellular and D2D, device-to-device, communication is suggested. The device is capable of performing proximity detection in the sense that near devices can be detected and information can be exchanged for maintaining at least one resource pool for D2D communication.

[0081] The device comprises means for measuring a capacity utilization level, i.e. the degree of capacity utilization, of D2D resources. For doing so measurements are performed, which deliver information such as a detected energy, information derived from reading out D2D information from other devices on to-be-measured carriers, optionally including time stamps or location stamps. The device holds means to communicate via D2D using the resource pool if certain conditions are not met, i.e. the conditions to perform measurements or to request resources are not met. Furthermore it comprises means to report the measurements to the resource controller if the certain conditions regarding the measurements are met. Such conditions are for instance that too few free resources are found to perform the envisaged D2D communication or thresholds for occupation are crossed in either direction, meaning too few or too much resources are allocated.

[0082] Furthermore, means to receive a resource allocation message that may adapt the resource pool for D2D is suggested within the device along with means to adapt the resource pool accordingly. A further aspect is the provision of means being comprised by the device to communicate via D2D using the adapted resource pool if the pool provides resources that are currently free to communicating and not to communicate via D2D if the pool does not provide such resources.

[0083] In accordance with the suggested device, also referred to as user equipment, a method for its operation is provided by the present invention. The method provides optional steps in which the user equipment sends a connection request containing D2D occupation measurements and leaves it to the resource controller to decide whether to use cellular or D2D communication. The underlying network is arranged to perform accordingly.

[0084] The suggested resource controller arrangement can be deployed across several user equipment or can be integrated into one single user equipment. At least one module thereof can also be integrated in a network device. Hence, the suggested methods may be performed using distributed components. Protocols allowing an information exchange in accordance with the suggested methods are also within the scope of this application.

[0085] Further aspects of the present invention include a mobile device enabled for direct communication, so called D2D communication, further comprising means to receive a measurement request for capacity utilization, for instance from a resource controller RC, means to measure the capacity utilization, means to report the capacity utilization, for instance to the resource controller RC, means to receive a resource pool re-configuration according to the reported capacity utilization, and means to select a resource for communication from the re-configured resource pool. A resource controller is arranged to perform accordingly. A method for operating this mobile device and/or the resource controller is also suggested.