MONOLITHIC MANIFOLD WITH EMBEDDED VALVES

Abstract

In one illustrative embodiment, the manifold comprises a block with at least one drilled header hole formed within the block, a plurality of drilled flow inlet holes formed within the block, wherein the number of drilled flow inlet holes corresponds to the number of the plurality of external flow lines that supply fluid (e.g., oil/gas) to the manifold and a plurality of isolation valves coupled to the block wherein the valve element for each of the isolation valves is positioned within the block.

Claims

1. A manifold for collecting and or distributing fluid flows from or to a plurality of external flow lines, the manifold comprising: a block; at least one drilled header hole formed within the block; at least one drilled flow inlet hole formed within the block, the drilled flow inlet hole being in fluid communication with the at least one header a plurality of isolation valves coupled to the block wherein the valve element of at least one of the isolation valves is positioned within the block.

2. The manifold of claim 1, wherein there is a plurality of drilled flow inlet holes.

3. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the manifold comprises at least one additional drilled hole formed within the block, to connect the header holes with the inlet holes.

4. The manifold according to claim 1, wherein a fluid path connecting a header hole and an inlet hole is provided through at least partly crossing of and thereby connection of the drilled holes in the block, and at least one crossing of two drilled holes is off center, such that a center line of the first hole in the crossing, is at a distance from a center line of the other hole in the crossing.

5. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the block is comprised of a body portion, an inlet cap portion and or an outlet cap portion.

6. The manifold of claim 3, wherein the plurality of isolation valves comprises a header isolation valve coupled to the inlet cap portion of the block and a plurality of flow isolation valves coupled to the body portion of the block so as to direct fluid flow received into the drilled flow inlet holes to the at least one header hole.

7. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the block is a single block of material with the least one drilled header hole and the plurality of drilled flow inlet holes formed within the single block of material.

8. The manifold according to claim 1, wherein it comprises at least two block elements each provided in a single block of material and connected to each other to form the manifold.

9. The manifold of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of connector systems, each of which defines a internal flow path within the connector system, each connector system having a first end that is coupled to the block and in fluid communication with one of the drilled flow inlet holes and a second end that has a hub that is adapted to be coupled to a hub of an external flow line.

10. The manifold of claim 10, wherein the connector systems provided, are arranged with an extension from the first end to the second end extending horizontally, vertically, at an angle between or with a plurality of connector system provided with a combination of these.

11. The manifold of claim 10, wherein the connector system is provided with a straight, turn free internal or a curved flow path between the first end and the second end.

12. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the at least one header hole has a first diameter and each of the drilled flow inlet holes has a second diameter, the first diameter being greater than the second diameter.

13. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the at least one header hole has a first diameter and each of the drilled flow inlet holes has a second diameter, wherein the first diameter and the second diameter are equal.

14. The manifold of claim 1, wherein there are two header holes having different diameter, and or the inlet holes have different diameters.

15. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the sources of fluid to be provided to the manifold comprise a plurality of oil/gas wells or another manifold.

16. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the isolation valves are gate valves.

17. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the at least one header hole comprises at least two header holes.

18. The manifold according to claim 1, wherein at least one header hole and or inlet hole is blended off with a blind flange.

19. The manifold according to claim 1, wherein the block forms the valve housing of the isolation valves arranged within the block.

20. The manifold according to claim 1, wherein the block comprises a drilled hole providing positioning of a choke element, a single phase meter, a multiphase meter, and or other element interacting with a flow through the manifold.

21. The manifold according to claim 1, wherein the block comprises a drilled hole in the form of a choke element.

22. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the manifold comprises at least two drilled header holes, at least four drilled flow inlet holes and wherein the plurality of isolation valves comprises two header isolation valves, each of which is positioned in one of the two drilled header holes, and eight flow isolation valves, wherein, for each drilled flow inlet hole, two of the eight flow isolation valves are coupled to the block so as to direct fluid flow received into the drilled flow inlet hole to at least one of the two drilled header holes.

23. The manifold according to claim 1, wherein the block comprises at least two headers and at least two inlet holes and isolation valves, arranged in the block such that the headers and inlet holes are all in fluid connection with each other by themselves and or through additional drilled holes, and the isolation valves positioned to control and divert the flow in the wanted directions.

24. The manifold according to claim 1, wherein the block comprises at least two headers and at least two inlet holes and isolation valves, arranged such that there is provided two separate flow passage systems through the block.

25. The manifold according to claim 1, wherein the manifold comprises at least one header hole and at least two inlet holes, and with an isolation valve arranged in connection with the header hole and at least two isolation valves arranged in connection with the inlet holes.

26. The manifold according to claim 1, wherein the manifold comprises at least two header holes and at least two inlet holes, and with an isolation valve arranged in connection with each header and each inlet hole.

27. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the drilled holes may be straight and or with a curvature.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be described with the described drawings, which represent a schematic but not limiting its scope:

[0017] FIGS. 1(a)-(b) depict one illustrative example of a traditional subsea manifold according to the prior art;

[0018] FIG. 2 is an illustrative internal view of one illustrative example of an unique block architecture for a manifold as disclosed herein that is designed for 4 wells, wells lines, headers and flow lines in the headers;

[0019] FIG. 3 is another illustrative internal view of one illustrative example of an unique block architecture for a manifold as disclosed herein that is designed for 4 wells, wells flow lines, headers and flow lines in the headers:

[0020] FIG. 4 is a flowchart that schematically shows the parts of one illustrative example of an unique block architecture for a manifold as disclosed herein that is designed for 4 wells:

[0021] FIG. 5 is a flowchart that schematically shows the parts of one illustrative example of an unique block architecture for a manifold as disclosed herein that is designed for 6 wells;

[0022] FIG. 5A is a perspective view showing various aspects of one illustrative embodiment of a manifold disclosed herein;

[0023] FIGS. 6 and 6A are perspective views showing various aspects of one illustrative embodiment of a manifold disclosed herein, particularly, a unique block architecture with valves, hubs, and the block for the manifold as described herein;

[0024] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of one illustrative example of an unique block architecture disclosed herein and flow lines in one of the headers;

[0025] FIG. 7A is another cross-sectional view of one illustrative example of an unique block architecture disclosed herein;

[0026] FIG. 7B is a perspective view of one illustrative example of a portion of an unique block architecture disclosed herein;

[0027] FIG. 7C is a plan view of one illustrative example of an unique block architecture disclosed herein showing various internal drill holes within the block;

[0028] FIG. 7D is a side view of one illustrative example of an unique block architecture disclosed herein showing various internal drill holes within the block;

[0029] FIG. 8 is another perspective view showing various aspects of one illustrative embodiment of a manifold disclosed herein; and

[0030] FIG. 9 is a plan view showing various smaller alternative configurations of the block disclosed herein and illustrative examples of blocks and end caps according to said smaller alternative configurations of the block disclosed herein.

[0031] While the subject matter disclosed herein is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0032] Various illustrative embodiments of the invention are described below. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers, specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

[0033] The present subject matter will now be described with reference to the attached figures. Various structures and devices are schematically depicted in the drawings for purposes of explanation only and so as to not obscure the present disclosure with details that are well known to those skilled in the art. Nevertheless, the attached drawings are included to describe and explain illustrative examples of the present disclosure. The words and phrases used herein should be understood and interpreted to have a meaning consistent with the understanding of those words and phrases by those skilled in the relevant art. No special definition of a term or phrase, i.e., a definition that is different from the ordinary and customary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art, is intended to be implied by consistent usage of the term or phrase herein. To the extent that a term or phrase is intended to have a special meaning, i.e., a meaning other than that understood by skilled artisans, such a special definition will be expressly set forth in the specification in a definitional manner that directly and unequivocally provides the special definition for the term or phrase.

[0034] According to the figures, it is observed that the manifold (10) disclosed herein comprises a block (1) that is positioned on a base (27) (see FIG. 5A). In the depicted example, the manifold generally includes a block (1), a plurality of hubs (4) (flow inlet hubs 4a, header inlet hubs 4b and header outlet hubs 4c), a plurality of isolation valves (5), (6) and a cover (11). Of course, depending upon the particular application and any customer specific requirements, the number of isolation valves may vary in one or more of the lines. For example, instead of two flow isolation valves to direct the flow of a fluid received in a particular line, a third isolation valve may be provided in the network so as to provide an additional pressure barrier during well operations. Thus, the particular number of valves and their particular placements depicted herein are but examples and should not be considered to be a limitation of the presently disclosed inventions.

[0035] The block (1) is provided with drilled or machined holes “wells lines” (2) wherein the number of inlet holes (2) corresponds to the number of wells and/or desired manifolds that provide fluid flow to the manifold (10) via various flow lines (not shown). The holes (2) are responsible for the fluid flow (7) (shown schematically in FIGS. 4 and 5) that comes from the wells (originating from the Christmas trees) and/or other manifolds to the manifold (10) via flow inlet hubs (4a). The block (1) is also provided with drilled or machined holes “called headers” (3) that are responsible for directing the flow (8) of fluid to and from the manifold (10) via flow lines (not shown) that are coupled to the header inlet hubs (4b) and header outlet hubs (4c) thereby providing the connection between the manifold (10) and other manifolds or components. The illustrative manifold (10) depicted in FIGS. 6, 6A. 7-7B and 8 also includes eight well flow (inlet fluid) isolation valves (5) and two header flow isolation valves (6) (positioned in line with the headers (3)). The isolation valves (5), (6) may be actuated to open or close a flow line, and they may be used to control and selection of the flow lines within the block (1) that will be used in operation to direct the flow of fluids within the block (1) as required. Two of the well flow isolating valves (5) are used to control the direction and routing of the fluid received from a well (via a particular inlet hole (2)) within the block (1). That is, by opening one of the well flow isolation valves (5) and closing the other well flow isolation valves (5) associated with a particular inlet hole (2), the direction of the flow that comes from the wells may be directed as desired within the block (1). The header isolation valves (6) may be used to block, allow or throttle flow within the headers (3). The manifold (10) is provided with a cover (protection) (11) fastened to the hubs (4) and valves (5) and (6).

[0036] The block (1) also comprises a plurality of machined holes or intersections (9) (crossover lines) that may be used to route fluid from the inlet holes (2) to the headers (3) via the actuation of one or more of the valves (5). That is, the machined/drilled holes (2) and (3) in the block (1) in combination with the intersections (9) constitute a network of machined/drilled holes that provide for the routing of the fluid stream within the block (1). Thus, the flow of the fluids originating in production wells will go through the holes (2), the intersections (9) and holes (3). This characteristic is extremely relevant to the manifold (10) disclosed herein. That is, by forming this network of machined holes within the block (1), the need for the design and manufacture of piping (see (20g) in FIG. 1b) and most if not all of the metal supporting structure (20b) and the welding of the pipe elements (20g) commonly used/performed in a conventional manifold may be omitted.

Illustrative Embodiment for 4 Wells

[0037] From FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 6 shows the architecture of a block (1) according to one illustrative embodiment disclosed herein. In this particular example, the block (1) is provided with four holes “called wells lines” (2). The holes (2) are responsible for receiving the flow of fluid (7) that comes from wells (originating from the Christmas trees) and/or another manifold. The block (1) is also comprised of two holes “called headers” (3) that are responsible for directing the flow (8) of fluid to and from the manifold (10) via flow lines (not shown) that are coupled to the header inlet hubs (4b) and the header outlet hubs (4c) thereby providing the connection between the manifold (10) and other subsea manifolds or components. The manifold (10) also includes eight well flow (fluid inlet) isolation valves (5) and two header isolation valves (6) that carry out opening or closing a flow line, being responsible for flow control and selection of the flow lines which will be used in operation. As noted above, two of the well flow isolating valves (5) working one open and the other closed, may be operated so as to select the direction of the flow that comes from the well takes once it enters the block (1). The header isolation valves (6) may be used to block, allow or throttle flow within the headers (3). As before, in this example, the manifold (10) is equipped with one cover (11) fastened to the block with eight hubs (4) (flow inlet hubs (4a), header inlet hubs (4b); header outlet hubs (4c)) and eight well inlet flow valves (5) (12 valves should the customer adopt the 3 valve per branch isolation philosophy) and two header valves (6).

[0038] In this particular example the block (1) also comprises four intersections (9) (crossover lines) that may be used to route fluid entering the holes (2) to the headers (3) via the actuation of one or more of the valves (5). Thus, the flow of the fluids originating in production wells will go through the holes (2), the intersections (9) and header holes (3).

Illustrative Embodiment for 6 Wells

[0039] FIG. 5 schematic depicts a block (1) according to another illustrative embodiment disclosed herein. In this particular example, the block (1) is provided with six holes “called flow lines” (2). The holes (2) are responsible for receiving the flow of fluid (7) that comes from wells (originating from the Christmas trees) and/or other manifolds. The block (0.1) is also comprised of two holes “called headers” (3), responsible for directing the flow (8) of fluid to and from the manifold (10) via flow lines (not shown) that are coupled to the header inlet hubs (4b) and the header outlet hubs (4c) thereby providing the connection between the manifold (10) and other manifolds or components. The manifold (10) also includes twelve well flow isolation valves (5) and two header isolation valves (6) that carry out opening or closing a flow line, being responsible flow control and selection of the flow lines which will be used in operation. As noted above, two of the well flow isolating valves (5) working one open and the other closed, may be operated so as to select the direction of the flow that comes from the well takes once it enters the block (1). As before, the header isolation valves (6) may be used to block, allow or throttle flow within the headers (3). The manifold (10) is also equipped with one cover (11) fastened to the block with ten hubs (4) (six flow inlet hubs (4a), two header inlet hubs (4b); and two header outlet hubs (4c)), twelve well flow isolation valves (5) (sixteen should the customer adopt the 3 valve per branch philosophy) and two header isolation valves (6).

[0040] In this particular example the block (0.1) also comprises six intersections (9) (crossover lines) that may be used to route fluid from the holes (2) to the headers (3) via the actuation of one or more of the valves (5). Thus, the flow of the fluids originating in production wells will go through the holes (2), the intersections (9) and header holes (3).

[0041] Of course, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art after a complete reading of the present application, the novel manifold comprises provides a very flexible approach that may be extended beyond the illustrative examples depicted herein without departing from the scope of the inventions disclosed herein. For example, in some applications, it may be required to design a manifold that accommodates more than six Christmas trees (wells) connected to the manifold (10). In such instances, it is envisioned that multiple blocks (1) will be required to accommodate all of the isolation valves (5) (and/or valves (6)). More specifically, in one example it is contemplated that multiple blocks (e.g., multiple versions of the block (1a)) may be connected together to accommodate all of the isolation valves in the manifold (10). Such multiple blocks (1a) may be operatively coupled together using any of a variety of fastening mechanisms. e.g., such as bolts or other means securing one block (1a) to an adjacent block (1a). Of course, the illustrative caps (1b), (1c) may or may not be employed in such an application. In the case where multiple blocks (like the blocks (1a) are employed) the headers (3) will be aligned to insure unobstructed flow of fluid or pigs. etc. through the combined assembly of the blocks (1a). A seal will be provided between the block (1a) to insure pressure tight integrity between the interfaces between the blocks (1a) at each header (3).

Effects and Benefits

[0042] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art after a complete reading of the present application, the novel manifold comprises all of the isolation valves need to control fluid flow within for the manifold are positioned in the block (1), i.e., the valve element for each of the isolation valves is positioned within that block. The block also includes a network of drilled or machined holes (2), (3) within block. The isolation valves (5) may be selectively actuated so as to control and direct the flow of fluid from oil wells within the block (1) to the headers (3). These characteristics, above described, give the novel manifold disclosed herein at least some of the following advantages relative to traditional subsea manifolds:

[0043] 1. the manufacture of the manifold disclosed herein is faster and simpler;

[0044] 2. the manifold disclosed herein has a reduced overall weight and size;

[0045] 3. simplifies and reduces the logistics and transportation of the manifold;

[0046] 4. reduces numbers of parts of the manifold (e.g., connections, spool pieces, pipes);

[0047] 5. reduces the need for welding;

[0048] 6. promotes standardization of the production line of the manifold.

[0049] The following is a table making a simple comparison of one embodiment of the manifold disclosed herein relative to a conventional subsea manifold (Table 1):

TABLE-US-00001 Conventional Design New Design Hubs for 4 wells Connections 24 0 4 hubs Spools 18 0 10 valves Welding 50 0 Valves blocks 6 2 Hubs 8 8 Weight 57 tons 25 tons

[0050] As noted above, the manifold disclosed herein substantially reduces the complexity of production, assembly, transport, installation and operation of a manifold. The manifold disclosed herein may be produced in any material as is appropriate for the application. The material should be resistant to temperature, pressure and corrosive environment, when dedicated to subsea applications.

[0051] With continuing reference to the drawings, in the depicted example, the number and the diameter of the holes (2) and (3) and the intersections (9) (crossovers) may vary depending upon the particular applications. In the illustrative example depicted herein, the manifold (10) is comprised of two headers (3). However, in some applications, the manifold (10) may contain only a single header (3), or it may contain several headers (3) (e.g., the manifold (10) may contain three headers (3) wherein one of the headers is used for well testing). Thus, the number of headers (3) and openings (2) should not be considered to be a limitation of the presently disclosed inventions. Typically, the headers (3) may have a larger diameter than the holes (2), and/or intersections (9), although such a configuration may not be required in all applications. In one particular example, the headers (3) may have a diameter of about 250 mm, while the holes (2) and intersections (9) may have a diameter of about 130 mm. However, in other applications, the headers (3) and holes (2) may have the same diameter.

[0052] The isolations valves (5), (6) disclosed herein may be any type of valve, e.g., a gate valve, a ball valve, etc. that is useful for controlling the fluid flow as described herein. The valves (5), (6) are mounted to the block (1) by a flanged connection, and they are mounted such that their valve element, e.g., a gate or a ball, is positioned within the block (0.1). In the depicted example, the valves (5), (6) do not have their own individual actuators, i.e., they are mechanically actuated valves that may be actuated by other means, such as an ROV, or each of the valves (5), (6) may be provided with their own individual actuator (hydraulic or electric) while still achieving significant benefits via use of the unique block architecture disclosed herein.

[0053] With reference to FIGS. 6, 6A, 7, and 7A, in the depicted example, the block (1) is comprised of a three components: a generally rectangular shaped body (1a), an inlet end cap (1b) and an outlet end cap (1c). The end caps (1b), (1c) may be coupled to the body (1a) by a plurality of bolts but other fastening methods are possible i.e. a clamp. The body (1a) is a continuous block of material (i.e., a steel forging) that has all of the holed (2), (3), (9) drilled or machined into the block of material. FIG. 7B is a perspective view of one illustrative example of the body portion (1a) of the block (1). As shown, the holes (2), (3) are drilled in the body (1a) along with holes (5a) for receiving the valve element (not shown) of the isolation valves (5). In terms of manufacturing the block (1), in some cases, openings (13a) (see FIG. 7B) may be formed in the body portion (1a) of the block (1) so as to facilitate machining of the various holes (2), (3), and (9) or a part of forming the holes themselves. Some of these openings (13a) may eventually be blinded with a metal blind (13) in the final manifold (see FIGS. 2, 3, 6 and 7). The end caps (1b), (1c) may be bolted to the ends (1y), (1z), respectively, of the body portion (1a) of the block (1). In the depicted example, the end caps (1b), (1c) are provided with angled outer surfaces (1x) (see FIGS. 6 and 6A) that are angled with respect to the centerline of the header holes (3) that extend through the body portion (1a) of the block (1). However, it is possible that the holes will not be angled in every configuration. For example a single header design will not require the holes to be angled. FIGS. 7C and 7D are top and side views, respectively, of an embodiment of the block (1) that comprised twelve isolation valves (5). As depicted a plurality of holes (5a) and (6a) are formed in the block (1) for the valves (5), (6). Also depicted in these two drawings are one example of the routing of the drilled holes (2), (3) and (9) within the block (1) as well as several of the openings (13a) that may be subsequently blinded. Additionally, in some applications the end caps (1b), (1c) may be omitted and the block may be a single block of material with the drilled header holes (3) and the plurality of drilled flow inlet holes (2) formed within the single block of material.

[0054] In the example depicted herein, all of the well flow (inlet flow) isolation valves (5) are positioned within the body portion (1a) of the block (1), while the header isolation valves (6) are positioned within the inlet end cap (1b). Importantly, unlike prior art subsea manifolds, all of the isolation valves associated with controlling the flow of fluid to and through the manifold (10) are positioned within a single block (1) (the combination of portions (1a-c)), along with the network of drilled (machined openings (2), (3), (9)) where fluid may flow within the block (1). The isolations valves (5), (6) disclosed herein may be any type of valve, e.g., a gate valve, a ball valve, etc. that is useful for controlling the fluid flow as described herein. In the depicted example, the valves (5), (6) do not have their own individual actuators, i.e., they are mechanically actuated valves that may be actuated by other means, such as an ROV, or each may be provided with their own individual actuator. In one example, the block (1) (the combination of portions (1a-c)) disclosed herein has an overall length of about 2.5 meters, an overall width of about 1.5 meters and an overall height of about 1 meter.

[0055] With reference to FIG. 2, in the depicted example, the drilled holes (2) are comprised of an initial portion (2a), a portion (2b) that constitutes an inlet flow sub-header (2b) and a portion (2c) that constitutes the intersection (9) (crossover). The inlet flow sub-header portions (2b) of the holes (2) are positioned approximately parallel to the headers (3). The inlet portion (2a) of the holes (2) are in fluid communication with the inlet sub-header (2b). The well flow isolation valves (5) are positioned in-line in the inlet sub-headers (2b) so as to direct flow received via the holes (2). The inlet sub-headers (2b) are also in fluid communication with the intersections (9) (crossovers) and ultimately the headers (3). FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view taken though the block (1) showing the initial portion (2a) of the holes (2).

[0056] With reference to FIGS. 5A and 6, the manifold (10) is comprised of four straight in-flow horizontal connector systems (55) that terminate with an outermost hub that is adapted to be coupled to a connector (not shown) on a flow line (not shown) that provides fluid flow into the manifold (10). In the depicted example, each of the in-flow horizontal connector systems (55) is comprised of a spool or conduit (15a) (see FIG. 6) and a horizontal connector (29) (see FIG. 5A) that is coupled to the spool (15A). Each of the in-flow horizontal connector systems (55) provide a straight, turn-free flow path between the outlet hub of a flow line (not shown) connected to a well to the inlet of a hole (2) in the block (1)—the block that houses the isolation valves (5). In the depicted example, four similar horizontal connector systems (55) are provided for the inlet and outlet of the headers (3). More specifically, the header connector systems are comprised of four spools or conduits ((15b)—inlet; (15c)—outlet) and associated horizontal connectors (29). The header horizontal connector systems provide straight, turn-free flow paths between the hubs of the flow lines (not shown) providing fluid to, and receiving fluid from, the headers (3). As shown in FIG. 6, the illustrative spools or conduits (15a-c) are comprised of an inlet hub (16a) and an interfacing hub (16b). In the depicted example, the inlet hub (16a) interfaces with a hub of a horizontal connector (29), while the interfacing hub (16b) is directly coupled to the block (1) ((1a), (1b) or (1c) depending upon the connection at issue) via a flanged/bolted connection. The angled surfaces 1x of the end caps (1b), (1c) are provided such that the centerline of the spools or conduits (4b), (4c) may be angled away from one another (or diverge from one another) thereby providing a more compact design of the overall subsea manifold. Of course, in some applications, the end caps (1b), (1c) may be omitted and the spools or conduits (15b), (15c) may be directly coupled to the ends of the generally rectangular shaped body (1a).

[0057] With reference to FIG. 9, the smaller alternative configuration of the block (14a) is comprised of four components: two rectangular shaped body (12c), one end cap (12a) and one end cap (12d); the smaller alternative configuration of the block (14b) is comprised of three components: one rectangular shaped body (12c) one end cap (12b) and one end cap (12d); the smaller alternative configuration of the block (14c) is comprised of three components: one rectangular shaped body (12c), one end cap (12a) and one end cap (12d); the smaller alternative configuration of the block (14d) is comprised of two components: one end cap (12b) and one end cap (12d); the smaller alternative configuration of the block (19a) is comprised of four components: two rectangular shaped body (17c), one end cap (17a) and one end cap (17d); the smaller alternative configuration of the block (19b) is comprised of three components: one rectangular shaped body (17c), one end cap (17b) and one end cap (17d); the smaller alternative configuration of the block (19c) is comprised of three components: one rectangular shaped body (17c), one end cap (17a) and one end cap (17d); and the smaller alternative configuration of the block (19d) is comprised of two components: one end cap (17b) and one end cap (17d). The end caps may be coupled to the body by a plurality of bolts but other fastening methods are possible i.e. a clamp.

[0058] Note that unlike prior art subsea manifolds, using the novel manifold disclosed herein, the horizontal flow path between mating connector of an external flow line, e.g., from a well or other manifold into the holes (2) to the block (1) that contains the isolation valves (5) is a straight, turn-free flow path without any bends. With reference to FIGS. 6 and 6A, one end (16b) of the horizontal connector systems (55) is coupled to the block (1) while the other end (55A) of the horizontal connector systems (55) can be coupled to mating connector on a connecting flow line. That is, unlike prior art designs, the flow path between the outlet of a connecting flow line and the block (1) that houses the isolation valves is a straight opening having a uniform internal diameter and internal flow path with no bends or turns. Such a “straight line” configuration between the hub of the external flow lines and the inlet/outlet to the block (1) facilitates clean out operations and results in a reduction in the overall size and weight of the subsea manifold since piping spools with turns formed therein may be omitted with some embodiments of the presently disclosed manifolds. In the depicted example, the spools or conduits (15a-c) may be a component that is machined from a forging or it may be a manufactured component that is comprised of a straight section of pipe with welded flanges on opposing ends. In general, providing such straight turn-free flow paths is more desirable in that it is more efficient and avoids problems that may be associated with fluid flow in non-straight flow paths, such as eddy currents, erosion, etc. Moreover, the horizontal connector systems in the depicted example aids in reducing the overall size of the manifold. More specifically, by using the horizontal connector (29), the connection between the outermost hub (55A) of the in-flow horizontal connector systems (55) a flow line from a well (and/or other manifolds) can be established remotely. The use of such horizontal connector systems (55) allows lines to be preinstalled (parked) prior to manifold installation. Parking of the flow lines also allows the manifold to be recovered while leaving the flow lines in place. Use of such horizontal connector systems (55) also facilitate a reduction in the amount of structural steel used on the manifold.

[0059] As described above, the holes/openings (2), (3) and the intersections (9) (crossovers) are straight constant-diameter holes that are machined (drilled) into the block (1) (1a-1c). Of course, as noted above, the diameter of the holes (2), (3) and the intersections (9) may be different from one another. These holes are sized so as to provide sufficient diameter for the passage of cleaning devices, such as pigs, through one or more of the flow paths defined in the block (1). Thus, the flow of the fluids originating in production oil wells will readily pass through the holes (2), the intersections (9) and headers (3), i.e., the network of holes within the block (1).

[0060] Additionally, using the novel block (1) disclosed herein, substantially all of the piping loads associated with coupling the spools or conduits (15a-c) to the various flow lines that are coupled to the manifold are absorbed by the block (1). That is, using the novel manifold and block (1) depicted herein, all or significant portions of the arrangement of structural members (20b) (See FIG. 1a) associated with traditional subsea manifolds may be omitted. Such an arrangement provides for significant reductions in the overall size and weight of the novel subsea manifold disclosed herein as compared to traditional subsea manifolds as described in the background section of this application.

[0061] Additionally, relative to the prior art subsea manifold depicted in FIGS. 1a-1b, the manifold disclosed herein may provide significant reductions in size and weight. For example, relative to the subsea manifold depicted in FIGS. 1a-b, the novel manifold depicted in FIG. 6-8 has an overall weight of about 45 tons, e.g., about 50% less than the 90 tons for a comparable prior art subsea manifold described in the background section of this application. More specifically, the weight of the pressure containing components of the novel compact manifold disclosed herein may be about 20 tons (as compared to about 37 tons for the prior art subsea manifold) while the weight of various structural members and the base may be about 25 tons (as compared to about 57 tons for the prior art subsea manifold). Additionally, the novel manifold disclosed herein, has a “footprint” of about 22 m.sup.2 on the sea floor and occupies about 66 m.sup.3 of space, which is much smaller than the comparable prior art subsea manifold described in the background section of this application.

[0062] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art after a complete reading of the present application, the novel manifold (10) disclosed herein provides several advantages in terms of manufacturing as compared to traditional manifolds, such as those described in the background section of this application. More specifically, the manufacturing process for a traditional manifold involves delivering various components, valves, pipe, fittings, tees, hubs and structural steel, etc., to a fabrication yard where the manifold is fabricated where welding is used as the primary method of joining the components together. Welding is a critical process and requires extensive prequalification of welding processes and welding personnel and inspection methods such as ultrasonic and x-ray inspections. In contrast, the novel manifold disclosed herein eliminates many of these components by drilling various openings in the block of the manifold using proven machining operations that are performed for other equipment, such as subsea Christmas tree blocks. Moreover, the manufacture of the novel manifold disclosed herein may be performed within a controlled manufacturing environment, i.e., a sophisticated machining shop, as opposed to a fabrication yard. Additionally, relative to manufacturing a traditional manifold, manufacturing the novel manifold disclosed herein involves a considerable reduction in welding operations which translates into a reduced reliance on welding, inspection and testing.

[0063] The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. For example, the process steps set forth above may be performed in a different order. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the invention. Note that the use of terms, such as “first,” “second,” “third” or “fourth” to describe various processes or structures in this specification and in the attached claims is only used as a shorthand reference to such steps/structures and does not necessarily imply that such steps/structures are performed/formed in that ordered sequence. Of course, depending upon the exact claim language, an ordered sequence of such processes may or may not be required. Accordingly, the protection sought herein is as set forth in the claims below.