Spinal alignment and securement

Abstract

A surgical connection device for a spine is disclosed including a stabilization member, compression arms and traction arms, the device being used in conjunction with first anchor points fixed to vertebrae at a first lateral side of the spine and second anchor points fixed to vertebrae at a second lateral side of the spine. A first spinal rod may be attached to the first anchor points and a second spinal rod may be attached to the second anchor points. The compression arms connect the stabilization member to the first and second anchor points or rods and bear compressive forces. The traction arms connect the stabilization member to the first and second anchor points or rods and bear tensile forces. Application of both tensile and compressive forces via the device may serve to straighten, change a direction of bending or increase a degree of bending of the rods and/or spine. The use of the traction arms may also provide for a more flexible construct.

Claims

1. A surgical connection device for a spine, a plurality of first anchor points being fixed to vertebrae at a first lateral side of the spine, a plurality of second anchor points being fixed to vertebrae at a second lateral side of the spine, a first spinal rod being attached to the plurality of first anchor points and a second spinal rod being attached to the plurality of second anchor points, the device comprising: a stabilization member; a plurality of compression arms to connect the stabilization member to the first and second rods and bear compressive forces between the stabilization member and the first and second rods; and a plurality of traction arms to connect the stabilization member to the first and second rods and bear tensile forces between the stabilization member and the first and second rods.

2. The surgical connection device of claim 1, wherein the stabilization member is elongate.

3. The surgical connection device of claim 2, wherein the stabilization provides a third spinal rod that is configured to extend substantially parallel to the first and second rods.

4. The surgical connection device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of compression arms comprise at least a first compression arm to connect between the stabilization member and the first rod and at least a second compression arm to connect between the stabilization member and the second rod.

5. The surgical connection device of claim 4, wherein the plurality of traction arms comprise at least two first traction arms to connect between the stabilization member and the first rod.

6. The surgical connection device of claim 5, wherein the two first traction arms connect to the first rod at positions on either side of the position at which the first compression arm connects to the first rod.

7. The surgical connection device of claim 5 or 6, wherein the plurality of traction arms comprise at least two second traction arms to connect between the stabilization member and the second rod.

8. The surgical connection device of claim 8, wherein the two second traction arms connect to the second rod at positions on either side of the position at which the second compression arm connects to the second rod.

9. The surgical connection device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection positions of the compression arms to the stabilization member and/or the connection positions of the compression arms to the rods are variable along an axis of elongation of the stabilization member and rods.

10. The surgical connection device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection positions of the traction arms to the stabilization member and/or the connection positions of the traction arms to the rods are variable along an axis of elongation of the stabilization member and rods.

11. The surgical connection device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compression arms are able to withstand substantially higher compressive forces than the traction arms.

12. The surgical connection device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the traction arms are more flexible than the compression arms.

13. The surgical connection device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compression arms extend from the stabilization member in an anterior-lateral direction.

14. The surgical connection device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a first one of the compression arms extends from the stabilization member in an anterior-lateral direction towards the first rod; a second one of the compression arms extends from the stabilization member in an anterior-lateral direction towards the second rod; one of the traction arms extends from the stabilization member in an anterior-lateral-superior direction from the stabilization member towards the first rod; another of the traction arms extends from the stabilization member in an anterior-lateral-inferior direction from the stabilization member towards the first rod; another of the traction arms extends from the stabilization member in an anterior-lateral-superior direction from the stabilization member towards the second rod; and another of the traction arms extends from the stabilization member in an anterior-lateral-inferior direction from the stabilization member towards the second rod.

15. The connection device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the stabilization member is configured to locate medially and posteriorly of the first and second rods.

16. The connection device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein when the stabilization member is connected to the first and second rods by the arms, the direction of elongation of the stabilization member lies substantially parallel to the axis, or desired axis, of the spine and the stabilization member locates: (a) posteriorly of the rods at a position that is not substantially more posterior than the posterior extents of the tips of spinous processes of the vertebrae to which the anchor points are fixed; or (b) when one or more spinous processes of the vertebrae to which the anchor points are fixed have been removed, posteriorly of the rods at a position that is not substantially more posterior than the positions at which the posterior extents of the tips of the spinous processes of the vertebrae to which the anchor points are fixed were located prior to removal.

17. A surgical connection device for a spine, a plurality of first anchor points being fixed to vertebrae at a first lateral side of the spine and a plurality of second anchor points being fixed to vertebrae at a second lateral side of the spine, the device comprising: a stabilization member; a plurality of compression arms to connect the stabilization member to at least one first anchor point and at least one second anchor point and bear compressive forces between the stabilization member and the first and second anchor points; and a plurality of traction arms to connect the stabilization member to at least one first anchor point and at least one second anchor point and bear tensile forces between the stabilization member and the first and second anchor points.

18. A surgical method for a spine, a plurality of first anchor points being fixed to vertebrae at a first lateral side of the spine, a plurality of second anchor points being fixed to vertebrae at a second lateral side of the spine, a first spinal rod being attached to the plurality of first anchor points and a second spinal rod being attached to the plurality of second anchor points, the method comprising: connecting a stabilization member of a surgical connection device to the first and second rods using a plurality of compression arms that are configured to bear compressive forces between the stabilization member and the rods; and connecting a plurality of traction arms of the surgical connection device between the stabilization member and the first and second rods, the traction arms being configured to bear tensile forces between the stabilization member and the rods.

19. A surgical method for a spine, a plurality of first anchor points being fixed to vertebrae at a first lateral side of the spine and a plurality of second anchor points being fixed to vertebrae at a second lateral side of the spine, the method comprising: connecting a stabilization member of a surgical connection device to at least one first anchor point and at least one second anchor point using a plurality of compression arms that are configured to bear compressive forces between the stabilization member and the first and second anchor points; and connecting a plurality of traction arms of the surgical connection device between the stabilization member and at least one first anchor point and at least one second anchor point, the traction arms being configured to bear tensile forces between the stabilization member and the first and second anchor points.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0121] Embodiments of the present disclosure are now described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0122] FIG. 1a shows a perspective view of a surgical connection device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0123] FIG. 1b shows a perspective view of the surgical connection device of FIG. 1a connected to first and second rods;

[0124] FIG. 1c shows a perspective view of the surgical connection device of FIG. 1b with traction arms;

[0125] FIG. 2a shows a lateral view of the surgical connection device of FIG. 1b connected to first and second rods, the rods being anchored to vertebrae via pedicle screws;

[0126] FIG. 2b shows a lateral view of the surgical connection device of FIG. 1c connected to first and second rods, the rods being anchored to vertebrae via pedicle screws;

[0127] FIG. 3a shows a cross-sectional view of the surgical connection device along line A-A of FIG. 1b;

[0128] FIG. 3b shows a cross-sectional view of a surgical connection device according to an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0129] FIG. 4a shows a lateral view of a connection arrangement for connecting a compression arm of a surgical connection device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure to a rod;

[0130] FIG. 4b shows a transverse view of the connection arrangement of FIG. 4a;

[0131] FIG. 5a shows a transverse view of a connection arrangement for connecting a traction arm of a surgical connection device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure to a rod;

[0132] FIG. 5b shows a transverse view of the connection arrangement of FIG. 5a with a locking piece thereof moved vertically;

[0133] FIG. 6 shows a flow chart indicating steps carried out to connect the connection device to first and second rods according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0134] FIG. 7 shows a lateral view of a surgical connection device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure connected to pedicle screws;

[0135] FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of the surgical connection device of FIG. 1c with a modified stabilization member;

[0136] FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of the surgical connection device of FIG. 1c with an additional support

[0137] FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the surgical connection device of FIG. 9 along line C-C of FIG. 9;

[0138] FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a surgical connection device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0139] FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a surgical connection device according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0140] FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of a surgical connection device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0141] FIGS. 14a and 14b show perspective view of arms usable in surgical connection devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0142] FIG. 15 shows a lateral view of a surgical connection device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0143] FIG. 16 shows a posterior view of a surgical connection device according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure

[0144] FIG. 17 shows a posterior view of a surgical connection device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0145] FIG. 18 shows a posterior view of a surgical connection device according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0146] FIGS. 19a and 19b show posterior views of a portion of the surgical connection device of FIG. 18 connected to a vertebra prior to and after spinal growth, respectively;

[0147] FIGS. 20a and 20b show lateral views of a portion of the surgical connection device of FIG. 18 connected to a vertebra prior to and after spinal growth, respectively;

[0148] FIG. 21 shows a posterior view of a surgical connection device according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0149] FIGS. 22a and 22b show lateral views of a portion of the surgical connection device of FIG. 21 connected to a vertebra prior to and after spinal growth, respectively.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0150] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to posterior spinal surgery, including spinal fixation surgery, used in the treatment of spinal conditions such as spondylolisthesis, scoliosis, spinal trauma, spinal tumor and other spinal deformities or degenerative conditions. The surgery can involve inserting pedicle screws into vertebrae to establish anchor points. A stabilizing rod can then be secured between several of the anchor points to restrict or limit relative movement between vertebrae. This process can be carried out on opposite sides of the spine such that first and second rods are in place. When the posterior spinal surgery is completed, spinal fusion may be carried out through bone grafting and other means.

[0151] Embodiments of the present disclosure also relate to motion preservation devices, e.g. for use in conjunction with a mobile disc replacement or otherwise. In general, where bone fusion is carried out, articulation of the spine is substantially eliminated. Surgical connection devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be used as an adjunct to fusion, e.g., to provide motion preserving support to vertebrae located to one or both sides of a section of fused vertebrae, or to be used in place of a spinal fusion. In either case, the surgical connection device may provide for a stabilisation region of the spine while enabling motion preservation at or adjacent the stabilised region.

[0152] Perspective views of a surgical connection device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are provided in FIGS. 1a to 1c. The connection device 100 includes an elongate stabilization member 110 including a superior end 111 and an inferior end 112 and walls extending between the superior end 111 and the inferior end 112, including a first wall 113 and second wall 114. First and second compression arms 120, 130 extend on substantially opposite sides of the stabilization member 110 to connect the stabilization member 110 to first and second rods 210, 220, generally as represented in FIG. 1b. With reference also to FIG. 2a (which shows the first rod 210 only), the first and second rods 210, 220 are fixed to anchor points, in particular to heads 231 of pedicle screws 230, implanted in vertebrae 240.

[0153] The connection device 100 has a cruciform structure, with the axis of elongation of the stabilization member 110 configured to lie substantially parallel to the spinal axis and to the axes of elongation of the first and second rods 210, 220 when implanted.

[0154] Referring to FIG. 1b, the first compression arm 120 has a first end 121 that is connected to the stabilization member 110 and a second end 122 that is connected to the first rod 210. Similarly, the second compression arm 130 has a first end 131 that is connected to the stabilization member 110 and a second end 132 that is connected to the second rod 220. In this embodiment, the first ends 121, 131 of the compression arms 120, 130 are permanently fixed to the stabilization member 110 (e.g. through integral forming or otherwise). In alternative embodiments, the connection arms 120, 130 may be connected to the stabilization member 110 during use, e.g. by a surgeon.

[0155] The first and second compression arms 120, 130 each extend both anteriorly and laterally from the stabilization member 110. Thus, when connected to the first and second rods 210, 220, the stabilization member 110 locates posteriorly and medially of each of the first and second rods 210, 220. A cross-sectional view of the device 100 along line A-A of FIG. 1b, i.e. in a transverse plane of the device 100 extending through the first and second compression arms 120, 130, is provided in FIG. 3a. The cross-section can be considered substantially v-shaped or u-shaped.

[0156] Referring to FIGS. 1c and 2b, after the compression arms 120, 130 are connected to the first and second rods 210, 220, two pairs of traction arms are connected between the stabilization member 110 and the rods 210, 220. In particular, a pair of first traction arms 141a, 141b is connected between the stabilization member 110 and the first rod 210 and a pair of second traction arms 142a, 142b is connected between the stabilization member and the second rod 220. Each of the traction arms has a first end connected to the stabilization member 110 and a second end connected to the respective rod 210, 220. In an alternative embodiment, adjacent traction arms, e.g. a first traction arm 141a and a second traction arm 142a, or a first traction arm 141b and a second traction arm 142b, may be joined to form a v-shaped or u-shaped element, with the apex of the v- or u-shape being secured to the stabilization member 110.

[0157] The pair of first traction arms 141a, 141b are connected to the first rod 210 at positions on either side of the position at which the first compression arm 120 is connected to the first rod 210. In particular, one of the first traction arms 141a is connected to the first rod 210 at a position that is superior to the position at which the first compression arm 120 connects to the first rod 210 and the other first traction arm 141b is connected to the first rod 210 at a position that is inferior to the position at which the first compression arm 120 connects to the first rod 210. Similarly, the pair of second traction arms 142a, 142b are connected to the second rod 220 at positions on either side of the position at which the second compression arm 130 connects to the second rod 220. In particular, one of the second traction arms 142a is connected to the second rod 220 at a position that is superior to the position at which the second compression arm 130 is connected to the second rod 220 and the other second traction arm 142b is connected to the second rod 220 at a position that is inferior to the position at which the second compression arm 130 connects to the second rod 220.

[0158] The traction arms 141a, 141b, 142a, 142b are connected to the stabilization member 110 via slots 115 provided in the stabilization member 110. In this embodiment, the traction arms 141a, 141b, 142a, 142b generally have a fixed angle to the rods 210, 220 and can be slid along a respective one of the slots 115 to be connected to the stabilization member 110 at an appropriate location.

[0159] When the device 100 is implanted, the first compression arm 141a extends from the stabilization member 110 in an anterior-lateral(right) direction towards the first rod 210, the second compression arm extends from the stabilization member 110 in an anterior-lateral(left) direction towards the second rod 220; one of the pair of first traction arms 141a extends from the stabilization member 110 in an anterior-lateral(right)-superior direction towards the first rod 210, the other one of the pair of first traction arms 141b extends from the stabilization member 110 in an anterior-lateral(right)-inferior direction towards the first rod 210, one of the pair of second traction arms 142a extends from the stabilization member 110 in an anterior-lateral(left)-superior direction towards the second rod 220, and the other one of the pair of second traction arms 142b extends from the stabilization member 110 in an anterior-lateral(left)-inferior direction towards the second rod 220.

[0160] The two pairs of traction arms 141a, 141b, 142a, 142b are placed under tension between the stabilization member 110 and the first and second rods 210, 220, resulting in superior and inferior portions of each of the first and second rods 210, 220 being pulled towards the stabilization member 110 while the first and second compression members 120, 130 maintain an intermediate portion of each of the first and second rods 210, 220, located between the superior and inferior portions, at a substantially fixed distance away from the stabilization member 110. The controlled application of tensile forces and compressive forces to different portions of the first and second rods 210, 220 can straighten the first and second rods 201, 220, change a direction of bending of the first and second rods 210, 220 or increase a degree of bending of the first and second rods 210, 220. Bending of the first rod 210, following connection of the traction arms 141a, 141b, 142a, 142b, is illustrated in FIG. 2b. As can be seen, superior and inferior portions 211, 212 of the first rod 210 have been bent posteriorly, in comparison to their positions as shown in FIG. 2a, whereas an intermediate portion 213 of the first rod has remained in a substantially fixed position. In this example, the rod 210 has been drawn into lordosis or further lordosis. Where a kyphotic deformity or correction is desired the positions of the compression and traction arms may be reversed. Compression arms may be located to outer sides of the stabilization device and traction arms may take the intermediate position.

[0161] A flow chart 1000 indicating steps carried out to connect the connection device 100 to the first and second rods is provided in FIG. 6. At step 1001, compression arms are connected between the stabilization member and the first and second rods. At step 1002, traction arms are connected between stabilization member and first and second rods such that the traction arms are placed in a state of tension and the compression arms are placed in a state of compression.

[0162] The device 100 can be manufactured in a variety of different shapes and sizes, e.g., for use with spines of differing sizes or for use at spinal portions that have or have not been subjected to a laminectomy. Referring to FIG. 3a, the distance D.sub.1 by which second ends 122, 132 of the compression arms 120, 130 are separated in a transverse direction can be modified to enable use of the device 100 with differently-spaced first and second rods 210, 220. Further, the distance D.sub.2 by which the stabilization member 110 is set back posteriorly from the first and second rods 210, 220 can be modified in accordance with the size or configuration of the spine. The distances D.sub.1, D.sub.2, may be modified during manufacture of the device 100 and/or may be adjustable during use of the device, e.g. through manual bending of the compression arms 120, 130 or otherwise. In general, depending on the size of the spine, the device may be configured such that the stabilization member is positioned about 5-25 mm or 5-35 mm or 10-35 mm posteriorly of a plane extending through the rods or otherwise.

[0163] The stabilization member may therefore provide a third elongate stiffening element, e.g. a form of third rod, which is posteriorly located relative to the first and second rods. By positioning the stabilization member posteriorly of the first and second rods, and through the provision of both traction and compression arms, a surgeon may be provided with a significantly increased ability to control the application of forces applied to vertebrae via the first and second rods for the purpose of re-alignment and/or stabilization of the vertebrae. Substantial forces may be applied to the rods via the arms in any direction in three-dimensional space. The forces may be transmitted to vertebrae by pedicle screws attached to the rods, without pulling out the screws or breaking the pedicle. There may be provided reinforcing of the rod/screw construct in all planes to resist or modulate deforming loads applied to the construct during weight bearing, e.g., prior to the fusion of the spine. The devices and apparatus may assist in the application of forces to adjacent segments of the rod/screw construct, e.g. sections defined between immediately adjacent pedicle screws or between a plurality of pedicle screws. The devices and apparatus may buffer against undesirable distortion at an end of the construct for example, while maintaining e.g., a lordotic or kyphotic bias, for example. These forces may be applied off-spinal-axis where a slight enduring scoliosis is encountered. The devices and apparatus may provide for a triangular-cross section of reinforcement and may provide means of shaping rods in situ.

[0164] While the device 100, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 3a, is arranged to be substantially symmetrical about the mid-sagittal plane 250, in alternative embodiments the device 100 may be asymmetrically arranged about the mid-sagittal plane 250. For example, as shown in FIG. 3b, the stabilization member 110 may be positioned laterally of the mid-sagittal plane 250. To achieve this, one of first and second compression arms 120′, 130′ may be longer than the other of the first and second compression arms 120′, 130′. This off-axis or eccentric positioning of the stabilization member 110 can enable the stabilization member 110 to locate laterally of the tips of the spinous processes, making the device more suitable for positioning over vertebrae that have not been subjected to a laminectomy. It can also enable the device to handle application of more complex forces, e.g. associated with scoliotic spines, or in children with growing spines.

[0165] In an alternative embodiment, to enable the connection device to be used in conjunction with vertebrae that have not been subjected to a laminectomy, while positioning the stabilization member on the mid-sagittal plane, the stabilization member may comprise a central opening to receive one or more spinous processes. For example, with reference to FIG. 8, a connection device 101 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be configured substantially in accordance with the connection device 100 described with respect to preceding embodiments, but the stabilization member 110′ may comprise first and second stabilizing rods 1101, 1102 that each extend along the spine and which are spaced apart in a medial-lateral direction such as to provide a gap 1103 to accommodate tips of the spinous processes. Connectors 1104, 1105 connect the two stabilizing rods 1101, 1102 together. The connectors are configured to extend through interspinous spaces between adjacent spinous processes, without obstruction to the spinous processes. In alternative embodiments, connectors 1104, 1105 may additionally or alternatively extend through an interspinous ligament and/or through a spinous process or any other structure located between the stabilizing rods 1101, 1102.

[0166] Referring again to FIGS. 1a to 1c, while the first ends 121, 131 of the compression arms 120, 130 in the device 100 are fixed in position relative to the stabilization member 110, in alternative embodiments the connection positions of the first ends of the compression arms may be adjustable relative to the stabilization member. For example, the first ends of the compression arms may be fixed to the stabilization member via a sleeve that is slidable along the stabilization member. By sliding the sleeve along the stabilization member, the positions at which the first and second compression arms extend from the stabilization member can be adjusted along the spinal axis, enabling the compression arms to better position between anatomical features, and/or force to be applied via the compression arms at more desirable positions of the rods. When desired positions are achieved, the sleeve can be fixed to the stabilization member, e.g., using a locking screw.

[0167] The second ends 122, 132 of the compression arms 120, 130 may be connected to the respective rods 210, 220 via a connection element such as an integral or separately formed sleeve or foot-piece, which is clamped to the rod 210, 220. If the rods 210, 220 are not parallel, as is often the case, the compression arms 120, 130 may be bent manually to accommodate this non-parallel rod alignment without weakening their resistance to compression. Example foot-pieces 123, 133, which mount to the rods 210, 220, are illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b, for example, which foot pieces 123, 133 each have an engagement surface that contacts a posterior surface of the rod around approximately 180 degrees of the rod circumference.

[0168] To provide for increasingly secure engagement between the compression arms 120, 130 and the rods 210, 220, a connection arrangement may be provided as illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b, for example. At the second end 122 of the compression arm 120, the compression arm 120 has a curved abutment surface 124 for engaging a posterior surface of the rod 210. A lock unit 125 is provided, including a pair of capture legs 1251, 1252 having hooked distal ends 1253, 1254, the capture legs 1251, 1252 depending from opposite sides of a cross beam 1255. The hooked distal ends 1253, 1254 hook onto anterior surfaces of the rod 120 on either side of the compression arm 120, via medial and lateral sides, respectively, of the rod 210. The curved abutment surface 124 of the compression arm 120 and the hooked distal ends 1253, 1254 of the capture legs 1251, 1252 are drawn towards each other, such as to clamp to either side of the rod 210, through tightening of a locking screw 1256 that extends through the cross beam 1245 of the locking unit 124 and which has an abutment 1257 that presses the second end 122 of the compression arm 120 towards the rod 210.

[0169] The second ends of the traction arms 141a, 141b, 142a, 142b may be connected to the respective rods 210, 220 via hook elements 1411, as indicated very generally in FIGS. 1c and 2b, which hook elements 1411 hook underneath anterior surfaces of the rods 210, 220.

[0170] To provide for increasingly secure engagement between the traction arms 141a, 141b, 142a, 142b and the rods 210, 220, a locking piece 143 can be provided as illustrated in FIGS. 5a and 5b, for example. The locking piece 143 has a curved abutment surface 1431 that is forced down on a posterior surface of the respective rod 210 such that the rod is clamped between the locking piece 143 and the hook element 1411. The locking piece 143 is secured to the traction arm 141a via a screw 144 that extends both through the locking piece 143 and the traction arm 141a, and which screw 141a can be tightened to increase the clamping force.

[0171] The screw 144 also provides a pivot for the locking piece 143, around which the locking piece 143 can rotate relative to the traction arm 141a. When the screw 144 is in a loosened stated, the locking piece 143 can pivot away from the hook element 1411 to a storage position as illustrated in FIG. 5b, providing a clear access path for the rod 210 to move towards and engage the hook element 1411. The locking piece 144 includes a recessed section 1432 to snap-fit with the traction arm 141a when in the storage position, maintain the locking piece 143 in the storage position prior to clamping.

[0172] In connection devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the stabilization member can have the added benefit of providing a guiding or reattachment surface for spinal musculature and fascia after surgery, allowing better wound closure and care. It may allow the musculature to lie in a more anatomic post-operative plane and hence may decrease post-operative pain/stiffness. It may improve post-operative muscular power and function and provide for more efficient energy utilization of these muscles to residual un-instrumented levels. Additionally, the stabilization member and/or other parts of the device, may be used as a support for further dynamic connectors between instrumented vertebrae allowing controlled yet flexible deformity correction superior to and/or inferior to the fused section. Furthermore, the device may act as a scaffold for increased bone graft attachment points and hence greater fusion mass.

[0173] In a further embodiment of the present disclosure, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the connection device 100 is adapted for use with a spine that has no first and second rods 210, 220 attached to pedicle screws 230. In this instance, the compression and traction arms 120, 130, 141a, 141b, 142a, 142b are connected directly to the heads 231 of the pedicle screws 230. Transverse or longitudinal stiffening members 140a, 140b are optionally provided between the traction and compression arms, in a variety of arrangements, to create a stiffer construct for stabilising the spine to lead to fusion.

[0174] In a further variation, a combination of traction and compression arms may be employed with or without further stiffening additions, to retain a kyphotic, lordotic and rotational stiffness, yet allow longitudinal displacement of the pedicle screws (or other vertebral securing means) with respect to each other, as is desirable to occur with growing, younger scoliotic patients. By this expedient approach, repeated surgeries or stunting of growth may be obviated while still correcting the deformity of scoliosis in younger patients. The longitudinal “play” in the arms can be achieved by uniaxial pliability in their formed shape, such as can be generated by a single plane of spring forming within the material and stiffening cross members for rotational stability.

[0175] With reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, in one embodiment of the present disclosure the surgical connection device 100 further comprises a support 30 for supporting the stabilization member 110 from an anterior side. The support 30 functions as a prop for the stabilization member 110, helping maintain the stabilization member 110 in a posteriorly located position. The support 30 has first connector, in particular a cross-bar 31 that connects between the first and second rods 210, 220 on opposite lateral sides of the spine, and a second connector, in particular a buttress 32 that connects between the cross-bar 31 and an anterior surface 1106 of the stabilization member 110.

[0176] The cross-bar 31 and buttress 32 can be integrally formed or can be separate pieces that are assembled during surgery, e.g. by being snap-fit to each other and/or to the stabilization member 110 and first and second rods 210, 220. The cross-bar 31 and buttress 32 are each elongate, with their directions of elongation extending substantially perpendicularly to each other. The cross-bar 31 extends in a medial-lateral direction and the buttress 32 extends in an anterior-posterior direction, providing in combination a generally T-shaped support 30.

[0177] A support configured in a similar manner to the support 30 described above can be used in conjunction with other types of surgical connection devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, with reference to FIG. 11, a surgical connection device 40 is used to provide stabilization at a section of the spine where first and second rods 210, 220 are again connected to a plurality of first and second anchor points 230. The connection device 40 includes an arched rod 41 connected diagonally between a first anchor point 230a implanted in a first vertebra 241 and a second anchor point 230b implanted in a second vertebra 242, the first and second anchor points 230a, 230b being positioned substantially on opposite lateral sides of the spine. A support 300 is provided that again has a cross-bar 301 that connects between the first and second rods 210, 220 on opposite lateral sides of the spine and a buttress 302 that connects between the cross-bar 31 and an anterior surface of the arched rod 41 such as to maintain the curvature of the arched rod 41 and/or provide an increased tension in the arched rod 41. The buttress 302 includes a contact piece 303 to connect to the arched rod 41. The arched rod 41 may induce asymmetric corrective movement in the spine or otherwise.

[0178] With reference to FIG. 12, in another embodiment, the arched rod 41 is used to stabilize a spinal section that has no first and second rods connected on opposite lateral sides of the spine. In this embodiment, the cross-bar 301 of the support 300 is connected directly between anchor points 231a, 231b, rather than rods.

[0179] With reference to FIG. 13, in yet another embodiment, two arched rods are provided, including a first arched rod 42 and second arched rod 43. The first arched rod 42 is connected diagonally between a first anchor point 230a implanted in a first vertebra 241 and a second anchor point 230b implanted in a second vertebra 242. The second arched rod 43 is connected diagonally between a third anchor point 230c implanted in the first vertebra 241 and a fourth anchor point 230d implanted in the second vertebra 242. The first and fourth anchor points 230a, 230d are positioned on substantially opposite lateral sides of the spine to the second and third anchor points 230b, 230d. The first and second arched rods 42, 43 cross each other. Substantially at the position at which the first and second arched rods 42, 43 cross each other, the support 300 is provided, the support including a cross-bar 301 and a buttress 302 substantially as described above with reference to FIG. 11, but with a modified contact piece 304 to enable the buttress to connect to anterior surfaces of both arched rods 42, 43. The support 300 may maintain curvature of the two arched rods 42, 43 and/or provide increased tension in the arched rods 42, 43. The arched rod 42, 43 may induce asymmetric or symmetric corrective movement in the spine, depending on whether or not different tensile forces are applied across each rod 42, 43.

[0180] Diagonally extending arched rods 41, 42, 43, connected to substantially straight first and second rods 210, 220, are described above with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13. However, in alternative embodiments, diagonally extending rods that are substantially straight may be provided, which are optionally connected to arched first and second rods. In general, the diagonally extending rods may have a variety of different shapes. They may be in the form of a spring, e.g., a helical spring, or they may have sinuosity such as an s-shape.

[0181] In any of the embodiments disclosed herein, the surgical connection device may modify the stiffness of the spine at different positions of the spine, e.g. at different vertebral levels, to different degrees. The stiffness may be may be modified through the provision of a stabilizing member with varying stiffness over its length, and/or through the provision of arms connecting the stabilizing member to rods or anchor points that have differing stiffness properties. The stiffness may be selected depending on the degree of motion preservation required and the location of the required motion preservation. The stabilization member and/or arms may vary in stiffness through material selection, diameters and/or shape including sinuosity, e.g. flexible s-bends.

[0182] The stabilization member and/or arms may have varying flexibility across different planes. For example, they may have omni-directional flexibility, bi-directional flexibility, or uni-directional flexibility. The stabilization member and/or arms with omni-direction flexibility may have uniform flexibility in every plane or different flexibility in different planes. Directional variation in flexibility may be achieved through shaping of the stabilization member and/or arms. For example, any one of the arms may be have a plate-like configuration similar to the arm 146 illustrated in FIG. 14a, such that they are more flexible in one plane than another plane, or have a circular cross-section similar to the arm 147 illustrated in FIG. 14b, such that they have the same flexibility in any direction.

[0183] In any of the embodiments, one or more of the arms may include resorbable elements such as resorbable collars that serve to stiffen the arms, but which are gradually resorbed within the body such that their stiffening effect gradually reduces over time. Thus, any one or more arms may have a flexibility that changes over time. This can be advantageous where increased stiffening and stabilization is required immediately post-implantation, to ensure appropriate patient recovery, but where increased flexibility and motion preservation is desirable thereafter.

[0184] An example of a surgical connection device 50 including arms with resorbable elements according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated in FIG. 15. Generally, the surgical connection device 50 is designed to provide a motion preservation function, and in this instance is used in conjunction with a mobile disc replacement to provide motion preserving posterior support to a replacement disc 500. The connection device 50 includes a stabilization member 51 and a plurality of arms 52a-d that connect between the stabilization member and anchor points, in particular pedicle screws 230, implanted in vertebrae 240a-d located either side of the replacement disc 500 and on opposite lateral sides of the spine (albeit arms on one side of the spine only are represented in FIG. 15). The stabilization member 51 locates posteriorly of the pedicle screws 230. A first pair of the arms 52b, 52c connect to pedicle screws 230 implanted in first superior and inferior vertebrae 240b, 240c immediately adjacent the disc 500. A second pair of the arms 52a, 52d connect to pedicle screws 230 implanted in second superior and inferior vertebrae 240a, 240d that are immediately outside the first superior and inferior vertebrae 240b, 240c. The first pair of arms 52b, 52c each have a resorbable stiffening collar 53 mounted thereon, providing for reduced flexibility and therefore increased stiffness of the arms 52b, 52c and therefore the connection device 50, immediately adjacent the replacement disc 500. The second pair of arms 52a, 52d are substantially identical to the first pair of arms but have no stiffening collars 53. Accordingly, the second pair of arms 52a, 52d are more flexible than the first pair of arms 52b, 52c. Immediately after implantation, the connection device 50 provides for increased stiffening and stabilization adjacent the replacement disc 500, while providing greater motion-preservation function and outer vertebral levels. However, as the resorbable collars 53 are gradually resorbed over time, the first pair of arms 52b, 52c exhibit increased flexibility, increasing the motion preservation function of the entire connection device 50, when the replacement disc 500 is better integrated with the spine.

[0185] In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, a surgical connection device 60 is provided that is adapted to stabilize a lateral facet joint 243 of a spine. The lateral facet joint 243 being provided between an L4 vertebra 244 and an L5 vertebra 245 in this embodiment, although the connection device 60 may be used with alternative vertebrae. The connection device 60 includes a stabilization member 61 and a plurality of arms 62, 63, including a pair of first arms 61 and a pair of second arms 62. The first arms 62 are connected to anchor points, in particular pedicle screws 230, on respective lateral sides of the L4 vertebra 244 and the second arms are connected to anchor points, in particular pedicle screws 230, on respective lateral sides of the L5 vertebra 245. The stabilization member 61 is elongate along the spinal axis. The stabilization member 61 is significantly stiffer than the arms 62, 63. The flexibility of each arm 62, 63 is independently selected to allow desired stabilisation and motion preservation. The arms 62, 63 extend medially and posteriorly from their connection points with the screws 230 such that the stabilization member 61 is again positioned posteriorly of the pedicle screws 230, and above the left and right L4 nerves. A partial laminectomy of the spinous processes of the L4 and L5 vertebrae 244, 245 has been carried out to allow the stabilization member 61 to be positioned in the desired location.

[0186] With reference to FIG. 17, in one embodiment a surgical connection device 70 is provided including a stabilization member 71 with a plurality of arms 72, 73. A first portion of the stabilization member 71 is connected to first and second rods 210, 220 of a first spinal portion by first arms 72. Second and third portions of the stabilization member 71, located either side of the first portion, are connected directly to anchor points 240 of second and third spinal portions by second arms 73. The first spinal portion includes three fused vertebra 2301, 2302, 2303. The second and third spinal portions are located either side of the first spinal portions and include non-fused vertebra 2304, 2305. In this embodiment, the arms 73 connecting the stabilization member 71 to the non-fused vertebrae 2304, 2305 have greater flexibility than the arms 72 connecting the stabilization member to the fused vertebrae 2301, 2302, 2303. Use of stiffer arms 72 at the fused vertebrae provides greater stability to the overall surgical connection device and rod construct without providing any adverse effect to overall motion preservation. However, the more flexible arms 73 connected to anchor points at non-fused vertebrae provide increased motion preserving stabilisation while decreasing the tendency for degeneration in those vertebral levels.

[0187] With reference to FIG. 18, in another embodiment of the present disclosure a surgical connection device 80 is provided including a stabilization member 81 and a plurality of arms 82, 83. A first portion 811 of the stabilization member 81 is connected to first and second rods 210, 220 of a first spinal portion of a scoliotic spine by anchor arms 82. A second portion 812 of the stabilization member 81, located superiorly of the first portion 811 of the stabilization member 81 in this embodiment, is connected directly to a second spinal portion by a first control arm 83. The first spinal portion includes three fused vertebra 2301, 2302, 2303. The second spinal portion is located superiorly of the first spinal portion and includes a non-fused vertebra 2306.

[0188] The first control arm 83 is adapted to control a movement of the second portion of the spine, including the non-fused superior vertebrae 2306, relative to the stabilization member 81. At the second portion 812 of the stabilization member 81, the stabilization member 81 locates at a position that is medial to a first lateral edge 2307 of the vertebra 2306. The first control arm 83 projects outwardly from the second portion 812 of the stabilization member in a direction towards the first lateral edge 2307.

[0189] The first control arm 83 is rotatable relative to the second portion 812 of the stabilization member 81 and rotatable relative to the vertebra 2306. Rotation is achieved through the provision of articulated joints 831 between the first control arm 83 and stabilization member 81 and between the first control arm 83 and the vertebra 2306.

[0190] The first control arm 83 is substantially rigid such as to maintain a fixed length while permitting movement between the vertebra 2306 and the stabilization member 81.

[0191] A variation of the connection device 80 is illustrated in FIG. 21. In this variation, a second control arm 84 is provided in addition to the first control arm 83. Like the first control arm 83, the second control arm 84 is also adapted to control a movement of the second portion of the spine, including the non-fused vertebrae 2306, relative to the stabilization member 81. At the second portion 812 of the stabilization member 81, the stabilization member 81 locates at a position that is also medial to a second lateral edge 2308 of the vertebra 2306. The second control arm 84 projects outwardly from the second portion 812 of the stabilization member in a direction towards the second lateral edge 2308.

[0192] The second control arm 84 is also rotatable relative to the second portion 812 of the stabilization member 81 and rotatable relative to the vertebra 2306. Rotation is again achieved through the provision of articulated joints 841 between the second control arm 84 and stabilization member 81 and between the second control arm 84 and the vertebra 2306.

[0193] By providing a first control arm 83, or first and second control arms 83, 84, which arm(s) control movement of the vertebra 2306 relative to the stabilization member 81, the surgical connection device 80 can provide for re-alignment of the scoliotic spine. Where a recipient of the surgical connection device is a child, for example, natural movement of the spine may occur as a result of growth of the spine post-implantation. The growth may be such as to move the vertebra 2306 in a direction away from the first portion of the spine including fused vertebrae 2301, 2302, 2303. However, by connecting the control arm(s) to the non-fused vertebra 2306, the direction of growth is controlled by the surgical connection device 80. Relative lengthening of the spine forces the control arm(s) 83, 84 to rotate through an arc in respective planes. The orientation of each plane is selected to drive a desired correction of the tilt and rotation of the scoliotic spine. Assisting in this process is the anchoring of the stabilization member to the fused portion of the spine.

[0194] When a single, first control arm 83 is employed, the rotation of the arm 83 forces lateral and posterior movement of the vertebra 2306, from a position as represented in FIGS. 19a and 20a to a position as represented in FIGS. 19b and 20b. (In FIGS. 19b and 20b, the dotted line indicates the prior positioning of the vertebra 2306 shown in FIGS. 19a and 20a, respectively.)

[0195] When both a first control arm 83 and a second control arm 84 are employed, the rotation of the arms 83, 84 forces lateral and posterior movement of the vertebra 2306 along with rotation of the vertebra about the spinal axis, from a position as represented in FIG. 22a to a position as represented in FIG. 22b. (In FIG. 22b, the dotted line indicates the prior positioning of the vertebra 2306 shown in FIG. 22a.)

[0196] The surgical connection device 80, while not restricting growth of the spine, may therefore force a straightening or other type of shape adjustment of the spine during growth of the spine. This can be particularly advantageous to treat scoliosis of the spine in children, although the connection device is not necessarily limited to such use. By taking the approach disclosed, growth of the spinal column may not be retarded, the need for re-operation to allow growth may be obviated or at least reduced, and correction of the spine can be achieved post-operatively and in a gradual fashion.

[0197] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments, without departing from the broad general scope of the present disclosure.

[0198] For example, while the device illustrated in some of the Figures is provided with compression arms projecting across a single transverse plane only, in other embodiments, compression arms may project over different transverse planes or in other directions. Two pairs of first and second compression arms may be provided, for example, located at different positions along the axis of elongation of the stabilization member.

[0199] As another example, in any one of the embodiments further arms of rods may be connected to the arms, e.g., the traction or compression arms, in a longitudinally arranged manner. This may further stabilise the construct and provide further stiffening or induction of tension. The further arms or rods may run substantially parallel to the first and second rods and to the stabilisation device, for a portion or whole of the construct. This may be particularly advantageous where the first and second rods (connected between the anchor points) are excluded, in order to increase rigidity of the construct.

[0200] As yet another example, the device may comprise additional arms that are connectable to the stabilisation member where longer constructs are desired. For example, first and second compression arms may be integral to the system, but for longer constructs further compression arms may be also be included or selectively introduced by the surgeon.

[0201] The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.