Lattice piece for a lattice boom, lattice boom and crane

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lattice piece for a crane boom comprising at least two lattice piece parts which are separably connected to one another in the longitudinal direction by means of one or more releasable connection points, wherein one or more lattice piece parts have one or more longitudinal tubes at least sectionally in the region of the connection points.

Claims

1. A lattice piece (2) for a crane boom (10), comprising at least two lattice piece parts (2R, 2L) which are separably connected to one another in a longitudinal direction of a luffinq plane (3) by one or more releasable connection points (26, 26′), wherein each said lattice piece (2) comprises four longitudinally-extending corner bars (21, 21′, 21″, 21′″) forming a parallelepiped shape and having said releasable connection points (26, 26′) at tips thereof, two separate tubes (24) longitudinally-extending along the luffing plane (3) in substantially parallel fashion between adjacent corner bars (21, 21′, 21″, 21′″) along two opposite sides of said lattice piece (2), bars (22) diagonally extending to the luffing plane (3) and interconnecting each said tube (24) with an adjacent corner bar (21, 21′, 21″, 21′″) of each said lattice piece part (2R, 2L), and connection points (25) situated at discrete locations longitudinally along said tubes (24) and at opposite longitudinal ends of said tubes (24) for interconnecting said diagonally-extending bars (22) with one another and the lattice piece parts (2R, 2L) along the longitudinal direction thereof.

2. A lattice piece in accordance with claim 1, wherein one or more lattice pieces are selectively connectable to one another via one or more spacer bars to form a wider lattice piece.

3. A lattice piece in accordance with claim 2, wherein the lattice piece parts are connectable via a respective spacer bar in the sections of the lattice parts at the bottom and at the top viewed in the longitudinal direction.

4. A lattice piece in accordance with claim 2, wherein the spatial structure of the at least one spacer bar forms a parallelepiped whose longitudinal edges are formed by four longitudinal bars which extend transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lattice piece and which are connected to one another via one or more diagonal members and/or transverse members.

5. A lattice piece in accordance with claim 1, wherein the tubes (24) of each said lattice piece (2) are additionally connected to at least one corner bar (21, 21′, 21″, 21′″) of the lattice piece (2) via one or more unstrained members (23).

6. A lattice piece in accordance with claim 5, wherein the connection points (25) along said tubes (24) are additionally connected directly to at least some of the unstrained members (23).

7. A lattice piece in accordance with claim 6, wherein the longitudinal tubes (24) are interrupted in the longitudinal direction by the unstrained members (23).

8. A lattice piece in accordance with claim 1, wherein the longitudinal tubes (24) are interrupted in the longitudinal direction by the connection points (25) at the discrete locations therealong.

9. A lattice piece in accordance with claim 1, wherein the one or more releasable connection points (26) at the tips of the corner bars (21, 21′, 21″, 21′″) are pinnable connections.

10. A lattice piece in accordance with claim 9, wherein the one or more releasable connection points (26) at the tips of the corner bars (21, 21′, 21″, 21′″) are fork-finger connections.

11. A lattice piece in accordance with claim 1, wherein the corner bars (21, 21′, 21″, 21′″) have a larger dimension than the longitudinal tubes (24).

12. A lattice piece in accordance with claim 11, wherein the corner bars (21, 21′, 21″, 21′″) have a larger diameters and/or wall thicknesses than the longitudinal tubes (24).

13. A lattice boom having at least one lattice piece in accordance with claim 1, wherein the lattice boom is luffable in the luffing plane (3) which is vertical.

14. A lattice boom in accordance with claim 13, wherein the lattice boom has at least one first region and at least one second region, the lattice boom in the first region comprises one or more lattice pieces having lattice piece parts connected via spacer bars and in the second region it has one or more lattice pieces whose lattice piece parts are connected without or with spacer bars which are shorter with respect to the first region.

15. A lattice boom in accordance with claim 14, wherein the different regions are connected to one another via traverses and/or modified pivotal connection pieces and/or modified lattice pieces.

16. A lattice boom in accordance with claim 13, wherein a lattice boom can selectively be assembled with a constant boom width or with a boom width variable in the longitudinal direction.

17. A lattice boom in accordance with claim 13, wherein the lattice pieces (2) are storable or pushable into one another for transport purposes.

18. A lattice piece in accordance with claim 1, wherein the longitudinal tubes (24) are interrupted in the longitudinal direction by the diagonally-extending bars (22).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Further advantages and properties of the invention will be explained below in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. There are shown:

(2) FIGS. 1a-1c: different views of the lattice piece in accordance with the invention;

(3) FIGS. 2a-2c: different views of the lattice piece in accordance with the invention with inserted spacer bars;

(4) FIGS. 3a-3b: schematic front views of a lattice boom to explain the basic problem which underlies the present invention;

(5) FIG. 4: a cross-sectional view of a two-strand boom known from the prior art; and

(6) FIG. 5: a cross-sectional view of the lattice boom in accordance with the invention with an inserted spacer bar;

(7) FIGS. 6a-6c: different views of the lattice piece in accordance with the invention in accordance with an alternative embodiment; and

(8) FIGS. 7a-7c: different views of the lattice piece in accordance with the invention in accordance with FIGS. 6a to 6c with inserted spacer bars.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(9) FIGS. 1a, 1b show different views of the lattice piece 2 in accordance with the invention. The lattice piece structure in accordance with the invention allows a flexible adaptation of the width of the lattice piece, in particular of its width transversely to the vertical luffing plane of the assembled lattice boom. Different boom types can thereby be assembled, wherein the construction of the lattice piece 2s in accordance with the invention results in a weight saving with respect to conventional lattice piece types.

(10) The lattice piece 2 is designed as separable and can be dismantled along the luffing plane 3 of the assembled boom into the two lattice piece halves 2R and 2L. The structure of the lattice piece can be seen from the perspective representation of FIG. 1b and comprises in a typical manner four corner bars 21, 21′, 21″, 21′″ which form the longitudinal edges of the parallelepiped lattice piece geometry. The corner bars 21, 21′, 21″, 21′″ are connected at the end sides via two respective throughgoing unstrained members 27 extending in parallel with the luffing plane 3. All the unstrained members 23 and/or diagonals 22 extending transversely to the luffing plane are designed as separable, wherein the segments of the unstrained members 23 and/or of the diagonals 22 are releasably connected to one another via connection points 25. The lattice piece 2 is divided into the halves 2R, 2L by releasing the connections.

(11) In the region of the connection points 25, i.e. along the luffing plane 3, each lattice piece half 2R, 2L comprises two longitudinal tubes 24 which are divided by the unstrained members 23 into three longitudinal tube segments per side of the lattice piece halves and which are fastened to the unstrained members. The total lattice piece 2 thus comprises a total of four longitudinal tubes 24 or twelve longitudinal tube segments. The adjacent corner bars 21, 21″ as well as 21′, 21′″ are, in contrast to conventional lattice pieces, no longer directly connected to one another via unstrained members and diagonal members, but rather instead via the connection points 25 in the region of the longitudinal tubes 24.

(12) Furthermore, diagonal members 22 extend from the corner bars 21, 21′ 21″, 21′″ in the direction of the end of the unstrained members 23 having the connection point 25, with them being arranged above the longitudinal tubes 24 at the unstrained members 23 to form the known triangular structure for each lattice piece half 2R, 2L. For the better clarity of the Figures, the unstrained members and the diagonal members in the lateral surfaces in parallel with the luffing plane 3 of the lattice piece are not drawn.

(13) The connection points 25 are designed in the form of a releasable connection, in particular of a fork-finger connection, whose connection means, in particular pins, can simply be drawn to separate the connection.

(14) Further connection points 26, 26′ are provided at the end side at the lattice piece 2 to connect a plurality of lattice pieces 2 of the described shape to one another in a longitudinal direction. FIG. 1c illustrates a boom segment 10 of two mutually connected lattice pieces 2. The connections 26, 26′ are also implemented as releasable connections, in particular as known fork-finger connections.

(15) It can furthermore be seen from FIGS. 1a to 1c that the corner bars 21, 21′ 21″, 21′″ have much larger dimensions than the integrated longitudinal tubes 24. A weight saving is thereby achieved.

(16) In accordance with the invention, using the lattice piece halves 2L, 2R, a crane can also be set up for lifting an exceptionally heavy load or having an exceptionally high load torque. For this purpose, the lattice piece halves 2L, 2R are not directly connected to one another, but rather via one or more spacer bars 30, as can easily be recognized in FIGS. 2a, 2b. The reception of the spacer bars 30 between the lattice piece halves widens them transversely to the luffing plane 3. The created lattice piece is called a heavy lattice piece 2S.

(17) It can be recognized here, with reference to FIG. 2b, that the spacer bars 30 are arranged in the upper and lower regions of the lattice piece halves 2R, 2L; the interposed space remains free. The spacer bars 30 used likewise have a parallelepiped shape whose side surfaces comprise the known triangular geometry of unstrained members and diagonal members. The length of the spacer bars is selected the same per lattice piece 2 and is marked by the reference numeral 31 in FIG. 2a. The width of the lattice piece transversely to the luffing plane 3 consequently widens by the length 31 due to the use of the spacer bars 30. At least a doubling of the system width can ideally be achieved by the installation of spacer bars 30.

(18) The longitudinal edges of the spacer bars 30 are formed by the longitudinal bars 28 whose ends form matching counter points 25 for the fork-finger connection 25 of the two lattice piece halves 2R, 2L. The spacing of adjacent longitudinal bars 28 in this respect coincides with the spacing of the connection points of the lattice piece halves 2R, 2L.

(19) As can be seen from FIG. 2c, individual heavy lattice pieces 2S can be connected to one another to form a boom 10 or a boom section. The aim and purpose of these heavy lattice pieces 2S is to optimize a lattice boom 10 for higher payloads and furthermore to construct it more robustly toward external influences as in DE 20 2008 004 663 U1.

(20) In known lattice mast cranes, the lattice mast boom is typically held by guying ropes on luffing. The decisive criterion for the peak payloads in a steep position is therefore not the deflection of the boom in the luffing plane 3 with lattice mast booms when lifting large loads, but rather the side deformation perpendicular to the luffing plane 3 as can be shown with reference to FIG. 3a and FIG. 3b. The front view of two lattice booms 1, 10 of different widths B, B′ is shown schematically here. In this respect, FIG. 3a shows a lattice mast boom 1 which is luffable about the luffing axis 6 in a plane 3 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. FIG. 3b shows a lattice mast boom 10 which is likewise luffable about the luffing axis 6 in a plane 3 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. If the lattice mast boom 1 of the width B shown in FIG. 3a in this respect undergoes a lateral deflection S1 still without load by a laterally acting force F.sub.s, for example by a wind force, the lifting of a load with the already present deflection S1 effects a large lateral torque.

(21) If, as shown in FIG. 3b, a lattice mast boom 10 is used having a width B′ which is larger than B, the case improves since the lattice mast boom is deformed less by the laterally acting force F.sub.s and thus only undergoes a lateral deflection S2<S1. The lateral torque is accordingly also smaller. In addition, the increased width increases the stiffness of the lattice mast boom 10 with respect to the lateral torque produced by the load.

(22) The width of the boom 10 can be adapted flexibly to the respective application by the configuration of the lattice piece 2 in accordance with the invention and an optimization with respect to the payload in accordance with FIG. 3b can be achieved with respect to the prior art.

(23) In detail, the boom 10 is preferably designed in the lower region, that is close to the luffing axis 6, very resistant to deflections from the luffing plane 3. This is achieved in detail in that the wall thicknesses of the corner bars 21, 21′, 21″, 22′″ are increased, whereas the wall thicknesses of the longitudinal tubes 24 are kept small. Depending on the deployment case, the length 31 of the spacer bars 30 is selected such that a maximum lateral deflection S2 can be observed due to the resulting width B′. Large lengths 31 in this respect take up a lot of space at the construction site, but bring about a great gain in the maximum payload since the corner bars 21, 21′, 21″, 21′″ are far remote from the luffing plane 3. The lattice boom 10 is only deflected a little out of the luffing plane 3.

(24) The heavy lattice pieces 2S are preferably attached in the lower region of the lattice boom 10. Lighter lattice pieces 2 are installed in the upper region of the lattice boom 10. They can be the separable lattice pieces 2 without additional spacer bars 30 or can be conventional lattice pieces. There is naturally equally the possibility of assembling the boom 10 from more than two different sections.

(25) In accordance with the embodiment shown in accordance with FIG. 3b, the first two or three lattice pieces can be designed as heavy lattice pieces 2S, whereby a lot of weight close to the luffing axis 6 is invested in a lower deflection of the lattice boom 10 in the lower region. Weight is saved in the upper region of the boom 10 and the boom 10 is deliberately kept light.

(26) The different regions of the boom 10 having different lattice pieces 2 can be connected to one another via corresponding traverses. The pivotal connection to the superstructure of the crane can take place via a modified pivotal connection piece or via a modified lattice piece. This used special element is then to be adapted to the system width currently to be set up, for example in the range from 2 m to 2 m+2 m.

(27) The lattice pieces 2 in accordance with the invention can be of a similar length in comparison with lattice pieces from the prior art, for example, in the range between 6 m to 14 m. For transportation, a lattice piece half 2L, 2R could then be transported in two lattice pieces from the prior art.

(28) The connection between each lattice piece half 2L, 2R and the spacer bar 30 has to be designed as rigid as possible. For this reason, at least two connection points 25, at least four where possible, are provided between the respective elements 2R, 2L, 30. It is theoretically likewise conceivable that the spacer bar or bars 30 is/are used at a different point of the crane, in particular in the boom system, if they are not used as the actual spacer bar between the lattice piece halves 2L, 2R.

(29) The lattice piece 2 may not become torsionally softer due to the connection points 25 than a conventional lattice piece having the same dimensions. It can be necessary for this reason to rework the respective connection parts 25 mechanically.

(30) A substantial advantage of the lattice boom 10 in accordance with the invention having a mixed setup of heavy lattice pieces 2S and simple lattice pieces 2 with respect to the two-strand boom in accordance with DE 20 2008 004 663 U1 will be explained with reference to FIGS. 4, 5.

(31) FIG. 4 shows a cross-section through the two-strand boom structure such as is known from the prior art. The torsional moment of inertia is proportional to the square of the enclosed area of the cross-section at the lattice boom 1. In the case of FIG. 4, the torsional moment of inertia is composed of the sum of the individual torsional moments of inertia (here the rectangle between B and C). Since the composite is broken up, the surface disposed between the strands, i.e. the surface between the corner bars B, is not supporting.

(32) FIG. 5 shows the solution in accordance with the invention of the boom 10 having heavy lattice pieces 2S. Since the surface surrounded by the outer corner bars 21, 21′, 21″, 21′″ makes a peripheral thrust flow possible in the solution in accordance with the invention, the torsional moment of inertia hereby increases disproportionally.

(33) FIGS. 6a-6c show a further embodiment of the lattice piece 200 in accordance with the invention. These representations substantially correspond to the representation of FIGS. 1a to 1c, wherein identical components or assemblies are marked by the same reference numerals. Only the differences will therefore be looked at in the following. The lattice piece 200 also comprises the separable lattice piece halves 200L and 200R. Differing from the first embodiment, the design in accordance with FIGS. 1a to 1c dispenses with the unstrained members. The longitudinal tubes extending along the luffing plane 3 in the region of the connection points are, ???but the longitudinal tubes 24 are divided by the diagonal members 22 into three longitudinal tube segments per side of the lattice piece halves 200L, 200R and are fastened to the diagonal members 22. The total lattice piece 200 thus comprises a total of four longitudinal tubes 24 or twelve longitudinal tube segments. The adjacent corner bars 21, 21″ as well as 21′, 21′″ are, in contrast to conventional lattice pieces, no longer directly connected to one another via unstrained members and diagonal members, but rather instead via the connection points 25 in the region of the longitudinal tubes 24.

(34) It can furthermore be recognized that in the embodiment of FIGS. 6a to 6c, the longitudinal tubes 24 are shorter than the corner bars 21, 21′, 21″, 21′″, whereby advantages result in the force flow and in the weight.

(35) FIGS. 7a to 7c substantially correspond to the representations of FIGS. 2a to 2c, with here, however, use being made of the lattice piece 200 of the embodiment of FIGS. 6a to 6c to obtain the heavy lattice piece 200s.