UNIFORMLY ENCAPSULATED NANOPARTICLES, AND LIGHT EMITTING MATERIAL AND OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE INCLUDING SAME

Abstract

Disclosed is a composite particle including a plurality of nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles is uniformly dispersed in the inorganic material. Also disclosed is relates to a light emitting material, a support supporting at least one composite particle and/or a light emitting material and an optoelectronic device including at least one composite particle and/or a light emitting material.

Claims

1. A composite particle comprising a plurality of nanoparticles encapsulated in an oxide material, wherein the plurality of nanoparticles is uniformly dispersed in said oxide material; and wherein the loading charge of nanoparticles in a composite particle is at least 15%, said loading charge being the mass ratio between the mass of nanoparticles comprised in a composite particle and the mass of said composite particle.

2. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the oxide material is selected among SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, ZnO, MgO, SnO.sub.2, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, CeO.sub.2, BeO, IrO.sub.2, CaO, Sc.sub.2O.sub.3, NiO, Na.sub.2O, BaO, K.sub.2O, PbO, Ag.sub.2O, V.sub.2O.sub.5, TeO.sub.2, MnO, B.sub.2O.sub.3, P.sub.2O.sub.5, P.sub.2O.sub.3, P.sub.4O.sub.7, P.sub.4O.sub.8, P.sub.4O.sub.9, P.sub.2O.sub.6, PO, GeO.sub.2, As.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.3O.sub.4, Ta.sub.2O.sub.5, Li.sub.2O, SrO, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, HfO.sub.2, WO.sub.2, MoO.sub.2, Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, Tc.sub.2O.sub.7, ReO.sub.2, RuO.sub.2, CO.sub.3O.sub.4, OsO, RhO.sub.2, Rh.sub.2O.sub.3, PtO, PdO, CuO, Cu.sub.2O, CdO, HgO, Tl.sub.20, Ga.sub.2O.sub.3, In.sub.2O.sub.3, Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, Sb.sub.2O.sub.3, PoO.sub.2, SeO.sub.2, Cs.sub.2O, La.sub.2O.sub.3, Pr.sub.6O.sub.11, Nd.sub.2O.sub.3, La.sub.2O.sub.3, Sm.sub.2O.sub.3, Eu.sub.2O.sub.3, Tb.sub.4O.sub.7, Dy.sub.2O.sub.3, Ho.sub.2O.sub.3, Er.sub.2O.sub.3, Tm.sub.2O.sub.3, Yb.sub.2O.sub.3, Lu.sub.2O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2O.sub.3, or a mixture thereof.

3. The composite particle according to claim 2, wherein the oxide material is selected among SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, ZnO, HfO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

4. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles is spaced from its adjacent nanoparticle by an average minimal distance of at least 2 nm.

5. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the oxide material limits or prevents the diffusion of outer molecular species or fluids (liquid or gas) into said oxide material.

6. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles are luminescent.

7. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the luminescent nanoparticles are semiconductor nanocrystals.

8. The composite particle according to claim 7, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise a core comprising a material of formula M.sub.xN.sub.yE.sub.zA.sub.w, wherein: M is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or a mixture thereof, N is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or a mixture thereof; E is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture thereof; A is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture thereof; and x, y, z and w are independently a decimal number from 0 to 5; x, y, z and w are not simultaneously equal to 0; x and y are not simultaneously equal to 0; z and w may not be simultaneously equal to 0.

9. The composite particle according to claim 7, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise at least one shell (34) comprising a material of formula M.sub.xN.sub.yE.sub.zA.sub.w, wherein: M is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or a mixture thereof, N is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or a mixture thereof; E is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture thereof; A is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture thereof, and x, y, z and w are independently a decimal number from 0 to 5; x, y, z and w are not simultaneously equal to 0; x and y are not simultaneously equal to 0; z and w may not be simultaneously equal to 0.

10. The composite particle according to claim 7, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise at least one crown comprising a material of formula M.sub.xN.sub.yE.sub.zA.sub.w, wherein: M is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or a mixture thereof, N is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Ru, Os, Mn, Tc, Re, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nd, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Cs or a mixture thereof; E is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture thereof; A is selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, C, N, P, As, Sb, F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture thereof, and x, y, z and w are independently a decimal number from 0 to 5; x, y, z and w are not simultaneously equal to 0; x and y are not simultaneously equal to 0; z and w may not be simultaneously equal to 0.

11. The composite particle according to claim 7, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystals are semiconductor nanoplatelets.

12. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the composite particle has an average diameter ranging from 5 nm to 1 mm.

13. A light emitting material comprising at least one host material and at least one composite particle according to claim 1, wherein said at least one composite particle is dispersed in the at least one host material.

14. The light emitting material according to claim 13, wherein the host material comprises an inorganic material, a polymer, a block co-polymer, or a silicone-based polymer, a resin or a mixture thereof.

15. An optoelectronic device comprising at least one composite particle according to claim 1.

16. An optoelectronic device comprising a light emitting material according to claim 13.

17. The composite particle according to claim 3, wherein each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles is spaced from its adjacent nanoparticle by an average minimal distance of at least 2 nm.

18. The composite particle according to claim 3, wherein the oxide material limits or prevents the diffusion of outer molecular species or fluids (liquid or gas) into said oxide material.

19. The composite particle according to claim 3, wherein the nanoparticles are luminescent.

20. The composite particle according to claim 19, wherein the nanoparticles are semiconductor nanocrystals.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[1754] FIG. 1 illustrates a composite particle 1 comprising a plurality of nanoparticles 3 encapsulated in an inorganic material 2.

[1755] FIG. 2 illustrates a composite particle 1 comprising a plurality of spherical nanoparticles 31 encapsulated in an inorganic material 2.

[1756] FIG. 3 illustrates a composite particle 1 comprising a plurality of 2D nanoparticles 32 encapsulated in an inorganic material 2.

[1757] FIG. 4 illustrates a composite particle 1 comprising a plurality of spherical nanoparticles 31 and a plurality of 2D nanoparticles 32 encapsulated in an inorganic material 2.

[1758] FIG. 5A illustrates a core nanoparticle 33 without a shell.

[1759] FIG. 5B illustrates a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle 3 with one shell 34.

[1760] FIG. 5C illustrates a core 33/shell (34, 35) nanoparticle 3 with two different shells (34, 35).

[1761] FIG. 5D illustrates a core 33/shell (34, 35, 36) nanoparticle 3 with two different shells (34, 35) surrounded by an oxide insulator shell 36.

[1762] FIG. 5E illustrates a core 33/crown 37 nanoparticle 32.

[1763] FIG. 5F illustrates a sectional view of a core 33/shell 34 nanoparticle 32 with one shell 34.

[1764] FIG. 5G illustrates a sectional view of a core 33/shell (34, 35) nanoparticle 32 with two different shells (34, 35).

[1765] FIG. 5H illustrates a sectional view of a core 33/shell (34, 35, 36) nanoparticle 32 with two different shells (34, 35) surrounded by an oxide insulator shell 36.

[1766] FIG. 6A illustrates a light emitting material 7 comprising a host material 71 and at least one composite particle 1 of the invention comprising a plurality of 2D nanoparticles 32 encapsulated in an inorganic material 2.

[1767] FIG. 6B illustrates a light emitting material 7 comprising a host material 71; at least one composite particle 1 of the invention comprising a plurality of 2D nanoparticles 32 encapsulated in an inorganic material 2; a plurality of particles comprising an inorganic material 21; and a plurality of 2D nanoparticles 32.

[1768] FIG. 7A illustrates an optoelectronic device comprising a LED support 4, a LED chip 5 and composite particles 1 deposited on said LED chip 5, wherein the composite particles 1 cover the LED chip 5.

[1769] FIG. 7B illustrates an optoelectronic device comprising a LED support 4, a LED chip 5 and composite particles 1 deposited on said LED chip 5 wherein the composite particles 1 cover and surround the LED chip 5.

[1770] FIG. 8 illustrates a microsized LED array comprising a LED support 4 and a plurality of microsized LED 6, wherein the pixel pitch D is the distance from the center of a pixel to the center of the next pixel.

[1771] FIG. 9A illustrates an optoelectronic device comprising a LED support 4, a microsized LED 6 and composite particles 1 deposited on said microsized LED 6, wherein the composite particles 1 cover the microsized LED 6.

[1772] FIG. 9B illustrates an optoelectronic device comprising a LED support 4, a microsized LED 6 and composite particles 1 deposited on said microsized LED 6 wherein the composite particles 1 cover and surround the microsized LED 6.

[1773] FIG. 10A is TEM images showing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets (dark contrast) uniformly dispersed in SiO.sub.2 (bright contrast—@ SiO.sub.2).

[1774] FIG. 10B is TEM images showing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets (dark contrast) uniformly dispersed in SiO.sub.2 (bright contrast—@ SiO.sub.2).

[1775] FIG. 10C is TEM images showing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets (dark contrast) uniformly dispersed in Al.sub.2O.sub.3(bright contrast—@Al.sub.2O.sub.3).

[1776] FIG. 11A shows the N.sub.2 adsorption isotherm of composite particles 1 CdSe/CdZnS@ SiO.sub.2 prepared from a basic aqueous solution and from an acidic solution.

[1777] FIG. 11B shows the N.sub.2 adsorption isotherm of composite particles 1 CdSe/CdZnS@ Al.sub.2O.sub.3 obtained by heating droplets at 150° C., 300° C. and 550° C.

[1778] FIG. 12 illustrates a composite particle 1 comprising a core 11 comprising a plurality of nanoparticles 32 encapsulated in an inorganic material 2, and a shell 12 comprising a plurality of nanoparticles 31 encapsulated in an inorganic material 21.

[1779] FIGS. 13A-B show InP/ZnS@SiO.sub.2 prepared by reverse microemulsion.

[1780] FIGS. 13C-D show CdSe/CdS/ZnS@SiO.sub.2 prepared as detailed in Example 35.

EXAMPLES

[1781] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1: Inorganic Nanoparticles Preparation

[1782] Nanoparticles used in the examples herein were prepared according to methods of the art (Lhuillier E. et al., Acc. Chem. Res., 2015, 48 (1), pp 22-30; Pedetti S. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136 (46), pp 16430-16438; Ithurria S. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 16504-16505; Nasilowski M. et al., Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 10934-10982).

[1783] Nanoparticles used in the examples herein were selected in the group comprising CdSe/CdZnS, CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots.

Example 2: Exchange Ligands for Phase Transfer in Basic Aqueous Solution

[1784] 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with 3-mercaptopropionic acid and heated at 60° C. for several hours. The nanoparticles were then precipitated by centrifugation and redispersed in dimethylformamide. Potassium tert-butoxide were added to the solution before adding ethanol and centrifugate. The final colloidal nanoparticles were redispersed in water.

Example 3: Exchange Ligands for Phase Transfer in Acidic Aqueous Solution

[1785] 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in a basic aqueous solution were mixed with ethanol and centrifugated. A PEG-based polymer was solubilized in water and added to the precipitated nanoplatelets. Acetic acid was dissolved in the colloidal suspension to control the acidic pH.

Example 4: Composite Particles Preparation from a Basic Aqueous Solution—CdSe/CdZnS@SiO.SUB.2

[1786] 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in a basic aqueous solution were mixed with a basic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. The liquid mixture was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1787] FIG. 10A-B show TEM images of the resulting particles.

[1788] FIG. 11A shows the N.sub.2 adsorption isotherm of the resulting particles. Said resulting particles are porous.

[1789] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1790] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 5: Composite Particles Preparation from an Acidic Aqueous Solution—Cdse/Cdzns@SiO.SUB.2

[1791] 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. The liquid mixture was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1792] FIG. 11A shows the N.sub.2 adsorption isotherm of the resulting particles. Said resulting particles are not porous.

[1793] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1794] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 6: Composite Particles Preparation from a Basic Aqueous Solution with Hetero-Elements—Cdse/Cdzns@Si.SUB.x.Cd.SUB.y.Zn.SUB.z.O.SUB.w

[1795] 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours in presence of cadmium acetate at 0.01M and zinc oxide at 0.01M, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. The liquid mixture was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1796] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1797] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 7: Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—CdSe/CdZnS@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3

[1798] 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 5 mL of pentane, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. On another side, a basic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1799] FIG. 10C shows TEM images of the resulting particles.

[1800] FIG. 11B show N.sub.2 adsorption isotherms for particles obtained after heating the droplets at 150° C., 300° C. and 550° C. Increasing the heating temperature results in a loss of the porosity.

[1801] Thus particles obtained by heating at 150° C. are porous, whereas the particles obtained by heating at 300° C. and 550° C. are not porous.

[1802] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1803] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

[1804] The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with ZnTe, SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

[1805] The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 8: Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—InP/ZnS@A.SUB.2.O.SUB.3

[1806] 4 mL of InP/ZnS nanoparticles suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 400 mL of heptane, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up. On another side, an acidic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded in the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first hexane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously with two different means for forming droplets towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1807] The same procedure was carried out by replacing InP/ZnS nanoparticles with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1808] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

[1809] The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

[1810] The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 9: Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—CH.SUB.5.N.SUB.2.—PbBr.SUB.3.@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3

[1811] 100 μL of CH.sub.5N.sub.2—PbBr.sub.3 nanoparticles suspended in hexane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 5 mL of hexane, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up. On another side, an acidic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded in the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first hexane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously with two different means for forming droplets towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1812] The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

[1813] The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 10: Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—CdSe/CdZnS—Au@SiO.SUB.2

[1814] On one side, 100 μL of gold nanoparticles and 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up. The supension was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a GaN substrate. The GaN substrate with the deposited composite particles was then cut into pieces of 1 mm×1 mm and electricaly connected to get a LED emitting a mixture of the blue light and the light emitted by the fluorescent nanoparticles.

[1815] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1816] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

[1817] The same procedure was carried out by replacing SiO.sub.2 with Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

[1818] The same procedure was carried out by replacing SiO.sub.2 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 11: Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—Fe.SUB.3.O.SUB.4.@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3.—CdSe/CdZnS@SiO.SUB.2

[1819] On one side, 100 μL of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours. On another side, 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 5 mL of heptane, then loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first aqueous solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously with two different means for forming droplets towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter. The composite particles comprise a core of silica containing Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles and a shell of alumina containing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets.

[1820] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1821] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

[1822] The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and/or SiO.sub.2 with TiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, HfO.sub.2, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

[1823] The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and/or SiO.sub.2 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 12: Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—CdS/ZnS Nanoplatelets@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3

[1824] 4 mL of CdS/ZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 400 mL of heptane, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up. On another side, an acidic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded in the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first hexane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously with two different means for forming droplets towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1825] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdS/ZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1826] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

[1827] The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

[1828] The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 13: Composite Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—InP/ZnS@SiO.SUB.2

[1829] 4 mL of InP/ZnS nanoparticles suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up. The suspension was sprayed for forming droplets towards a tube furnace heated a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1830] The same procedure was carried out by replacing InP/ZnS nanoparticles with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, InP/CdS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1831] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

[1832] The same procedure was carried out by replacing SiO.sub.2 with Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

[1833] The same procedure was carried out by replacing SiO.sub.2 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 14: Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution, Followed by a Treatment of Ammonia Vapors—CdSe/CdZnS@ZnO

[1834] 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with zinc methoxyethoxide and 5 mL of pentane, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up as described in the invention. On another side, a basic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. On another side, an ammonium hydroxide solution was loaded on the same spray-drying system, between the tube furnace and the filter. The two first liquids were sprayed while the third one was heated at 35° C. by an external heating system to produce ammonia vapors, simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1835] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1836] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

[1837] The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnO with SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnS or MgO, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

[1838] The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnO with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the inorganic material chosen.

Example 15: Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution, Followed by an Extra Shell Coating—CdSe/CdZnS@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3.@MgO

[1839] 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with zinc methoxyethoxide and 5 mL of pentane, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up as described in the invention. On another side, a basic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The particles were directed towards a tube where an extra MgO shell was coated at the surface of the particles by an ALD process, said particles being suspended in the gas. The particles were finally collected on the inner wall of the tube where the ALD was performed.

[1840] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1841] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 16: Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—CdSe/CdZnS—Fe.SUB.3.O.SUB.4.@SiO.SUB.2

[1842] On one side, 100 μL of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles and 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up as described in the invention. On another side, an acidic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1843] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1844] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 17: Core/Shell Particles Preparation from an Organic Solution and an Aqueous Solution—Au@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3 .in the Core and CdSe/CdZnS@SiO.SUB.2 .in the Shell

[1845] On one side, 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in an acidic aqueous solution were mixed with an acidic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up as described in the invention. On another side, 100 μL of Au nanoparticles suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 5 mL of heptane, then loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first aqueous solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The particles were collected at the surface of a filter. The particles comprise a core of alumina containing gold nanoparticles and a shell of silica containing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets.

[1846] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1847] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 18: Composite Particles Preparation—Phosphor Nanoparticles@SiO.SUB.2

[1848] Phosphor nanoparticles were suspended in a basic aqueous solution were mixed with a basic aqueous solution of TEOS at 0.13M previously hydrolyzed for 24 hours, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. The liquid mixture was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1849] Phosphor nanoparticles used for this example were: Yttrium aluminium garnet nanoparticles (YAG, Y.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12), (Ca,Y)-α-SiAlON:Eu nanoparticles, ((Y,Gd).sub.3(Al,Ga).sub.5O.sub.12:Ce) nanoparticles, CaAlSiN.sub.3:Eu nanoparticles, sulfide-based phosphor nanoparticles, PFS:Mn.sup.4+ nanoparticles (potassium fluorosilicate).

Example 19: Composite Particles Preparation—Phosphor Nanoparticles@Al.SUB.2.O.SUB.3

[1850] Phosphor nanoparticles were suspended in heptane were mixed with aluminium tri-sec butoxide and 400 mL of heptane, then loaded in a spray-drying set-up. On another side, an acidic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded in the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first hexane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously with two different means for forming droplets towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1851] Phosphor nanoparticles used for this example were: Yttrium aluminium garnet nanoparticles (YAG, Y.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12), (Ca,Y)-α-SiAlON:Eu nanoparticles, ((Y,Gd).sub.3(Al,Ga).sub.5O.sub.12:Ce) nanoparticles, CaAlSiN.sub.3:Eu nanoparticles, sulfide-based phosphor nanoparticles, PFS:Mn.sup.4+ nanoparticles (potassium fluorosilicate).

Example 20: Composite Particles Preparation—CdSe/CdZnS@HfO.SUB.2

[1852] 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane (10 mg/mL) were mixed with Hafnium n-butoxide and 5 mL of pentane, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. On another side, a basic aqueous solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. Composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1853] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1854] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

Example 21: Composite Particles Preparation—Phosphor Nanoparticles@HfO.SUB.2

[1855] 1 μm of phosphor nanoparticles (cf. list below) suspended in heptane (10 mg/mL) were mixed with hafnium n-butoxide and 5 mL of pentane, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. On another side, an aqueous solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated at a temperature ranging from the boiling point of the solvent to 1000° C. with a nitrogen flow. The resulting particles phosphors particles@HfO.sub.2 were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1856] Phosphor nanoparticles used for this example were: Yttrium aluminium garnet nanoparticles (YAG, Y.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12), (Ca,Y)-α-SiAlON:Eu nanoparticles, ((Y,Gd).sub.3(Al,Ga).sub.5O.sub.12:Ce) nanoparticles, CaAlSiN.sub.3:Eu nanoparticles, sulfide-based phosphor nanoparticles, PFS:Mn.sup.4+ nanoparticles (potassium fluorosilicate).

Example 22: Composite Particles Preparation from an Organometallic Precursor

[1857] 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with an organometallic precursor selected in the group below in pentane under controlled atmosphere, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. On another side, an aqueous solution was prepared and loaded on the same spray-drying set-up, but at a different location than the first heptane solution. The two liquids were sprayed simultaneously towards a tube furnace heated from room temperature to 300° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1858] The procedure was carried out with an organometallic precursor selected in the group comprising: Al[N(SiMe3).sub.2]3, trimethyl aluminium, triisobutylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, triphenylaluminum, dimethyl aluminium, trimethyl zinc, dimethyl zinc, diethylzinc, Zn[(N(TMS).sub.2].sub.2, Zn[(CF.sub.3SO.sub.2).sub.2N]2, Zn(Ph).sub.2, Zn(C.sub.6F.sub.5).sub.2, Zn(TMHD).sub.2 (0-diketonate), Hf[C.sub.5H.sub.4(CH.sub.3)]2(CH.sub.3).sub.2, HfCH3(OCH3)[C.sub.5H.sub.4(CH.sub.3)]2, [[(CH.sub.3).sub.3Si]2N]2HfCl2, (C.sub.5H.sub.5).sub.2Hf(CH.sub.3).sub.2, [(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3).sub.2N]4Hf, [(CH.sub.3).sub.2N]4Hf, [(CH.sub.3).sub.2N]4Hf, [(CH.sub.3)(C.sub.2H.sub.5)N]4Hf, [(CH.sub.3)(C.sub.2H.sub.5)N]4Hf, 2,2′,6,6′-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione zirconium (Zr(THD).sub.4), CioH12Zr, Zr(CH.sub.3C.sub.5H.sub.4).sub.2CH.sub.30CH.sub.3, C.sub.22H.sub.36Zr, [(C.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.2N]4Zr, [(CH.sub.3).sub.2N]4Zr, [(CH.sub.3).sub.2N]4Zr, Zr(NCH.sub.3C.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.4, Zr(NCH.sub.3C.sub.2H.sub.5).sub.4, C.sub.1sH3206Zr, Zr(C.sub.8H.sub.1502).sub.4, Zr(OCC(CH.sub.3).sub.3CHCOC(CH.sub.3).sub.3).sub.4, Mg(C.sub.5H.sub.5).sub.2, or C.sub.2oH3oMg, or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the organometallic precursor chosen.

[1859] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1860] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

[1861] The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with ZnO, TiO.sub.2, MgO, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

[1862] The same procedure was carried out by replacing Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof.

[1863] The same procedure was carried out by replacing the aqueous solution with another liquid or vapor source of oxidation.

Example 23: Composite Particles Preparation from an Organometallic Precursor—CdSe/CdZnS@ZnTe

[1864] 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with two organometallic precursors selected in the group below in pentane under inert atmosphere then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. The suspension was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated from RT to 300° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1865] The procedure was carried out by with a first organometallic precursor selected in the group comprising: dimethyl telluride, diethyl telluride, diisopropyl telluride, di-t-butyl telluride, diallyl telluride, methyl allyl telluride, dimethyl selenide, or dimethyl sulfur. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the organometallic precursor chosen.

[1866] The procedure was carried out by with a second organometallic precursor selected in the group comprising: dimethyl zinc, trimethyl zinc, diethylzinc, Zn[(N(TMS).sub.2].sub.2, Zn[(CF.sub.3SO.sub.2).sub.2N].sub.2, Zn(Ph).sub.2, Zn(C.sub.6F.sub.5).sub.2, or Zn(TMHD).sub.2 (0-diketonate). Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the organometallic precursor chosen.

[1867] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1868] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

[1869] The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnTe with ZnS or ZnSe, or a mixture thereof.

[1870] The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnTe with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof.

Example 24: Composite Particles Preparation from an Organometallic Precursor—CdSe/CdZnS@ZnS

[1871] 100 μL of CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets suspended in heptane were mixed with an organometallic precursor selected in the group below in pentane under inert atmosphere, then loaded on a spray-drying set-up. On another side, a vapor source of H.sub.2S was inserted in the same spray-drying set-up. The suspension was sprayed towards a tube furnace heated from RT to 300° C. with a nitrogen flow. The composite particles were collected at the surface of a filter.

[1872] The procedure was carried out with an organometallic precursor selected in the group omprising: dimethyl zinc, trimethyl zinc, diethylzinc, Zn[(N(TMS).sub.2].sub.2, Zn[(CF.sub.3SO.sub.2).sub.2N]2, Zn(Ph).sub.2, Zn(C.sub.6F.sub.5).sub.2, Zn(TMHD).sub.2 (β-diketonate), or a mixture thereof. Reaction temperature of the above procedure is adapted according to the organometallic precursor chosen.

[1873] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with CdSe, CdS, CdTe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdZnS, CdS/ZnS, CdS/CdZnS, CdTe/ZnS, CdTe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS, CdSeS/CdZnS, CuInS.sub.2/ZnS, CuInSe.sub.2/ZnS, InP/CdS, InP/ZnS, InZnP/ZnS, InP/ZnSeS, InP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS, CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/CdS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/ZnS, CdSeS/CdS/CdZnS, CdSeS/CdZnS/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/ZnS, CdSeS/ZnSe/CdZnS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, CdSe/ZnS/CdS, CdSeS/ZnS/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdS, InP/GaP/ZnS, InP/GaP/ZnSe, InP/CdZnS/ZnS, InP/ZnS/CdZnS, InP/CdS/CdZnS, InP/ZnSe/CdZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe, InP/GaP/ZnSe/ZnS, InP/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnS, nanoplatelets or quantum dots, or a mixture thereof.

[1874] The same procedure was carried out by replacing CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets with organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles such as metal nanoparticles, halide nanoparticles, chalcogenide nanoparticles, phosphide nanoparticles, sulfide nanoparticles, metalloid nanoparticles, metallic alloy nanoparticles, phosphor nanoparticles, perovskite nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles such as for example oxide nanoparticles, carbide nanoparticles, nitride nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof.

[1875] The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnS with ZnSe or ZnTe, or a mixture thereof.

[1876] The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnS with a metal material, halide material, chalcogenide material, phosphide material, sulfide material, metalloid material, metallic alloy material, ceramic material such as for example oxide, carbide, nitride, glass, enamel, ceramic, stone, precious stone, pigment, cement and/or inorganic polymer, or a mixture thereof.

[1877] The same procedure was carried out by replacing H.sub.2S with H.sub.2Se, H.sub.2Te or other gas.

Example 25: Dispersion of Composite Particles in a Silicone and Deposition onto a LED

[1878] Composite particles containing fluorescent nanoparticles were prepared and collected according to the present invention and then dispersed in a polymer of silicone, with a mass concentration of 20%. The obtained material was deposited onto a LED of InGaN before annealing at 150° C. for 2 hours. The LED was then turned on to get a mixture of blue light and the light emitted by the fluorescent nanoparticles.

[1879] The same procedure was carried out by replacing silicone with ZnO, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

Example 26: Dispersion of Composite Particles in a ZnO Matrix and Deposition onto a LED

[1880] Composite particles containing fluorescent nanoparticles were prepared and collected according to the present invention and then dispersed in a ZnO matrix prepared by a sol-gel method. The material was then deposited onto a glass substrate by spin-coating and annealed at 100° C. for 24 hours. The glass substrate was then illuminated by a blue laser to get a mixture of blue light and the light emitted by the fluorescent nanoparticles.

[1881] The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnO with a resin, silicone, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

Example 27: Light Emitting Material Preparation

[1882] Blue emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdS/ZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3, green emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdSeS/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were dispersed separately in silicone and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 150° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were blue, green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the UV light from a light source.

[1883] The same procedure was carried out by replacing silicone with a resin, ZnO, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

Example 28: Light Emitting Material Preparation

[1884] Green emitting core-shell CdSeS/CdZnS nanoplatelets and red emitting core-shell CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets were dispersed separately in silicone and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 150° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

[1885] The same procedure was carried out by replacing silicone with a resin, ZnO, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

Example 29: Light Emitting Material Preparation

[1886] Green emitting composite partricles comprising core-shell CdSeS/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were dispersed separately in a zinc oxide matrix and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 150° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

[1887] The same procedure was carried out by replacing ZnO with a resin, silicone, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

Example 30: Light Emitting Material Preparation

[1888] Green emitting composite partricles comprising a core with gold nanoparticles encapsulated in SiO.sub.2 and a shell with core-shell CdSeS/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were dispersed separately in silicone and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 150° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

[1889] The same procedure was carried out by replacing silicone with a resin, ZnO, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

Example 31: Light Emitting Material Preparation

[1890] Green emitting composite partricles comprising core-shell InP/ZnS quantum dots encapsulated in SiO.sub.2, and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots encapsulated in SiO.sub.2 were dispersed separately in silicone and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 150° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

[1891] The same procedure was carried out by replacing silicone with a resin, ZnO, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

Example 32: Light Emitting Material Preparation

[1892] Green emitting composite partricles comprising core-shell InP/ZnS nanoplatelets encpauslated in SiO.sub.2, and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell InP/ZnSe/ZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in SiO.sub.2 were dispersed separately in a resin matrix and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 150° C. for 3 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

[1893] The same procedure was carried out by replacing the resin with silicone, ZnO, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

Example 33: Light Emitting Material Preparation

[1894] Green emitting composite partricles comprising core-shell CdSeS/ZnS nanoplatelets encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and red emitting composite particles comprising core-shell InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots encapsulated in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 were dispersed separately in silicone and deposited onto a support, such that each film of composite particles was around 1-10 μm in thickness. The support was then annealed at 150° C. for 2 hours before it was introduced in the display apparatus described in the invention. The resulting lights were green and red depending on the composite particles illuminated with the blue light from a light source.

[1895] The same procedure was carried out by replacing silicone with a resin, ZnO, PMMA, Polystyrene, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, or a mixture thereof.

Example 34: InP/ZnS@SiO.SUB.2 .Prepared by Reverse Microemulsion Method Vs InP/ZnS@SiO.SUB.2 .Prepared by the Method of the Invention

[1896] InP/ZnS@SiO.sub.2 prepared by reverse microemulsion: InP/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (70 mg) were mixed with 0.1 mL of (3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMOPMA), followed by 0.5 mL of triethylorthosilicate (TEOS) to form a clear solution, which was kept for incubation under N.sub.2 overnight. The mixture was then injected into 10 mL of a reverse microemulsion (cyclohexane/CO-520, 18 ml/1.35 g) in 50 mL flask, under stirring at 600 rpm. The mixture was stirred for 15 mins and then 0.1 mL of 4% NH.sub.40H was injected to start the bead forming reaction. The reaction was stopped the next day and the reaction solution was centrifuged to collect the solid phase. The obtained particles were washed twice with 20 mL cyclohexane and then dried under vacuum.

[1897] FIG. 13A-B show TEM picture of InP/ZnS@SiO.sub.2 prepared by reverse microemulsion. It is clear from the TEM pictures that nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material via reverse microemulsion method cannot be and are not uniformly dispersed in said inorganic material.

[1898] FIG. 13A-B also show that the reverse microemulsion method does not lead to discrete particles but to a matrix of inorganic material.

Example 35: CdSe/CdS/ZnS@SiO.SUB.2 .Prepared by Method of Prior Art Vs CdSe/CdS/ZnS @SiO.SUB.2 .Prepared by the Method of the Invention

[1899] 0.6 mL of a suspension comprising CdSe/CdS/ZnS nanoplatelets having an emission wavelength at 694 nm and 6.2 mL of a perhydropolysilazane solution (solution of 18.6% by weight of dibutylether) were mixed in a beaker to prepare a mixed solution. Thereafter, the mixed solution was poured into a Teflon-coated container and naturally dried at room temperature for 24 hours while light was blocked out. The dried cured product was gathered, pulverized into a powder using a mortar and a pestle, and then dried at 60° C. for 7 hours and 30 minutes in an oven.

[1900] FIG. 13C-D show TEM picture of CdSe/CdS/ZnS@SiO.sub.2 prepared the method hereabove. It is clear from the TEM pictures that nanoparticles encapsulated in an inorganic material via said method cannot be and are not uniformly dispersed in said inorganic material.

[1901] FIG. 13C-D also show that said method does not lead to discrete particles but to a matrix of inorganic material.

REFERENCES

[1902] 1—Composite particle [1903] 11—Core of composite particle [1904] 12—Shell of composite particle [1905] 2—Inorganic material [1906] 21—Inorganic material [1907] 3—Nanoparticle [1908] 31—Spherical Nanoparticle [1909] 32—2D nanoparticle [1910] 33—Core of a nanoparticle [1911] 34—First shell of a nanoparticle [1912] 35—Second shell of a nanoparticle [1913] 36—Insulator shell of a nanoparticle [1914] 37—Crown of a nanoparticle [1915] 4—LED support [1916] 5—LED chip [1917] 6—Microsized LED [1918] 7—Light emitting material [1919] 71—Host material [1920] 9—Dense particle [1921] D—Pixel pitch