Home Care Compositions

Abstract

Described herein are home care compositions comprising an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant and a polysaccharide gum, along with methods of making and using same.

Claims

1. A home care composition comprising an alcohol alkoxylate surfactant and a polysaccharide gum, wherein the weight ratio of the alcohol alkoxylate surfactant to the polysaccharide gum is greater than 0.9:1.

2. The home care composition according to claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide gum is a nonionic polysaccharide gum.

3. The home care composition according to claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide gum is selected from: xanthan gum; guar gum; locust bean gum; dammar gum; and tara gum.

4. The home care composition according to claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide gum comprises xanthan gum.

5. The home care composition according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol alkoxylate surfactant comprises an alcohol alkoxylate of the formula (I):
C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1—O—(C.sub.mH.sub.2m—O).sub.x—H  (I) wherein n=6 to 18, m=2 to 4, and x=4 to 20.

6. The home care composition according to claim 5, wherein —C.sub.mH.sub.2m— is selected from the group consisting of —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—, ethylene, —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—, n-propylene, —CH(Me)-CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2—CH(Me)-, methylethylene, and mixtures thereof.

7. The home care composition according to claim 5, wherein —C.sub.mH.sub.2m— is —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2— or ethylene.

8. The home care composition according to claim 5, wherein C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1— is a linear alkyl group.

9. The home care composition according to claim 5, wherein n=8 to 13.

10. The home care composition according to claim 5, wherein n=9 to 11.

11. (canceled)

12. The home care composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the alcohol alkoxylate surfactant to the polysaccharide gum is greater than 3:1.

13. (canceled)

14. (canceled)

15. The home care composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10.0 wt. % of alcohol alkoxylate surfactant.

16. (canceled)

17. (canceled)

18. The home care composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. % of the polysaccharide gum.

19. (canceled)

20. The home care composition according to claim 1, wherein the combined concentration of alcohol alkoxylate surfactant and polysaccharide gum is greater than about 0.1 wt. %.

21. The home care composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition provides UV protection for a wooden surface.

22. The home care composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is configured to reduce color fading of from a wooden surface.

23. The home care composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is provided in the form of a coating suitable for use on an indoor or outdoor surface.

24. The home care composition according to claim 23, wherein the coating is in a form selected from: a varnish; a paint; and a stain.

25. A method of protecting a wooden surface from UV radiation comprising applying an effective amount of the home care composition according to claim 1 to a wooden surface in need thereof.

26. A method for modifying the porosity of a wooden surface comprising applying an effective amount of the home care composition according to claim 1 to a wooden surface in need thereof.

27. (canceled)

28. (canceled)

29. (canceled)

30. (canceled)

31. (canceled)

32. (canceled)

33. (canceled)

34. (canceled)

Description

EXAMPLES

[0099] Experiments used to elucidate the formulation range of cleaning composition comprising xanthan gum and alcohol ethoxylate show surprising and unexpected synergistic effects. The experiments below are not necessarily presented in the chronological order.

Example 1

[0100] To test the efficiency of UV protection, the transmittance of UV-Vis light through a solution of several different xanthan gums was conducted. Solutions of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% of each of Kalzan AP-AS, NovaXan 80T, and NovaXan 40/OptiXan 40 were prepared. Kelzan™ AP-AS is an industrial grade of xanthan gum for use in transparent acidic systems, available from CP Kelko (Atlanta, Ga., USA).

[0101] NovaXan™ 80T is an 80 mesh particle size grade xanthan gum with superior solution transparency. It is a cream colored, free-flowing powder that meets the specifications of the National Formulary, the Food Chemicals Codex and the JECFA. This product is formulated to produce solutions with a high degree of clarity and transparency, and is available from Archer Daniels Midland Company (Chicago, Ill., USA).

[0102] NovaXan™ 40 is xanthan gum, that is an off-white to light tan colored, free-flowing granular powder that meets the specifications of the National Formulary, the Food Chemicals Codex and the JECFA. This product exhibits reduced dusting and easier handling characteristics when compared to finer mesh xanthan gum products, and is available from Archer Daniels Midland Company (Chicago, Ill., USA).

[0103] OptiXan™ 40 is an emulsifier and thickener xanthan gum in the form of a cream to tan colored, free-flowing powder or granules with a characteristic odor, and a mesh size of 40. This product is intended for use in non-food applications as thickener and rheology control agent, such as in paints, printing inks, and coatings, and is available from Archer Daniels Midland Company (Chicago, Ill., USA).

[0104] UV-vis spectra were obtained at a wavelength of 200-400 nm, 5 nm data interval, ordinate mode A, at a scan speed of 923.59 nm/min, 1 cycle (detector PMT: Gain-Auto; response 0.2 s, slits PMT: fixed 2 nm, CBM: Fixed 100%).

[0105] An absorbance signal (either as a peak or as a shoulder) in the region of 252-256 nm was observed at the recited concentrations for the three xanthan gum compositions, as presented in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Intensity of signal at 252-256 nm Concentration Kelzan AP-AS NovaXan 80T NovaXan 40/OptiXan 40   0 wt % 0.19 0.17 0.18 0.1 wt % 0.29 0.29 0.94 0.2 wt % 0.39 0.53 1.61 0.3 wt % 0.48 0.76 2.21 0.4 wt % 0.57 0.99 2.72 0.5 wt % 0.69 1.36 3.09

[0106] As it can be seen, Kelzan AP-AS shows little absorbance, while NovaXan 80T starts showing an effect in this range, and NovaXan 40/Optixan 40 shows high absorbance. Due to these results, it can be hypothesized that NovaXan 40/Optixan 40 material provides a good level of protection in the UV spectrum.

Example 2

[0107] To test the UV effects on wood treated with model formulations, a wood sample treated with model formulations and exposed to a light approximating intense sunlight.

[0108] Four model formulations of wood care product were prepared. The model formulations comprised selected components of wood care product, but did not contain color or fragrance. The four model formulations were prepared as shown in Table 2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Component Form. 1 Form. 2 Form. 3 Form. 4 C9-1I alcohol EO 7.5-8:1 2 wt %   2 wt %   2 wt % 2 wt % Glutaraldehyde—50% soln. 1 wt %   1 wt %   1 wt % 1 wt % NovaXan 40/Optixan 40 0 wt % 0.25 wt % 0.45 wt % 0.85 t %

[0109] Samples of the model formulations 1, 2, 3, and 4, and similar amount of deionized water were brushed in uniform amounts of approximately 8 cm×8 cm×50 μm film to a surface of a wood sample. An area of the wood sample was also left untreated. The wood sample is of species that is typically used in the construction of wood floors. The surface was uniform with tight grain, free of knots, approximately 10 cm×80 cm in size, and was bare prior to the application of the model formulations and water.

[0110] To test UV effects on wood, the Q-SUN Xenon Test Chamber (Model: Xe-3-HS) was used. The Q-SUN Xe-3 xenon arc chamber reproduces the damage caused by full-spectrum sunlight and rain. In a few days or weeks, the Q-SUN tester can reproduce the damage that occurs over months or years outdoors.

[0111] The treated sample of wood was placed into the test chamber. Half of the treated surface of the wood sample, lengthwise, was covered to prevent exposure. The treated wood sample was exposed at 0.35 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, at a temperature of 63° C., for 116 hours. The lamp delivered approximately 150 kJ/m.sup.2 to the treated sample of wood, or about the equivalent of 22 days of sun in Miami or 44 days of sun in Mexico City.

[0112] The untreated areas of wood that was exposed were noticeably darker than the unexposed wood. There was no difference between the area of the wood sample treated with deionized water and untreated wood. This confirms the notion that water has no effect on UV protection.

[0113] There is no perceptible difference between the unexposed areas treated with water or model formulations 1 to 4 and the unexposed untreated areas. This observation indicates that the model formulations do not affect the color of the bare wood. Further, this observation indicates that the model formulations do not darken the bare wood. Further, this observation indicates that the model formulations do not lighten or bleach the bare wood.

[0114] There was no noticeable difference between the area treated with model formulation 1 and that of the untreated area. The areas that were treated with model formulations 2, 3, and 4, show a progressive decrease of darkening of the area, compared to the darkened untreated area. However, all of the areas treated with the formulations show some darkening compared to the unexposed area.

[0115] From this study it can be concluded that NovaXan 40/OptiXan 40 provides a good level of protection to wood at the conditions tested.

Example 3

[0116] Formulations of proposed BDC for wood and laminate flooring were prepared as presented in Table 3.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Name Function Formulation 5 Fomtulation 6 C9-11 alcohol surfactant 1.00 1.00 EO 7.5-8 Xanthan gum thickener 0.25 0.25 Bright yellow color 0.00462 0.00462 Red ST color 0.00153 0.00153 Glutaraldehyde preservative 0.10 0.10 sol. 50% Tinogard TL 44 color preservative 0.012 0 Water solvent Q.S. (~98.6) Q.S. (~98.6)

[0117] Formulations 5 and 6 have a similar composition, except that the latter contains Tinogard TL 44. Tinogard® TL is a broadband UV absorber for stabilization of transparent packaged products. Tinogard TL protects colors, fragrances, natural compounds and other sensitive ingredients from photolytic and/or photooxidative degeneration, thus providing long-lasting shelf life even with light-sensitive formulations. Tinogard TL comprises or consists of benzotriazolyl dodecyl p-cresol or 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-dodecyl-4-methyl-phenol.

[0118] Samples of the formulations 5 and 6 were brushed in uniform amounts onto a surface of a wood sample. The treated sample of wood was placed into the test chamber, and was exposed at 0.35 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, at a temperature of 63° C., for 60 hours. At 45 hours of exposure the effect was already visible.

[0119] The wood that has been treated with formulation 5 or 6 shows UV protection, in that the wood surface did not darken as areas that were not treated or that were treated with water. Further, there is no observable difference between the areas that were treated with formulation 5 and those treated with Formulation 6.

[0120] From this experiment, it can be concluded that both product formulation with and without UV absorber for stabilization of colors in solutions show UV protection in bare wood, and that the presence or absence of such UV absorbers has no observable effect on the UV protection of the wood.

Example 4

[0121] UV protection effect of model formulations containing Neodol and xanthan gum was investigated. A full factorial design containing two levels (0.15 wt % and 0.45 wt %) of two levels of NovaXan (NovaXan 40 and NovaXan 80T) with 5 levels of Neodol 91-8 (0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt %) was designed, with formulations numbered 11 through 30. Formulation 11 to 15 comprise 0.15 wt % NovaXan 40 and 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 of Neodol; formulations 16 to 20 comprise 0.45 wt % NovaXan 40 and 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 of Neodol; formulations 21 to 25 comprise 0.15 wt % NovaXan 80T and 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 of Neodol; and formulations 26 to 30 comprise 0.45 wt % NovaXan 80T and 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 of Neodol. Additional formulations 31 to 38 comprise 0.45 wt % NovaXan 40 only; 0.45 wt % NovaXan 80T only; 100% Neodol 91-8; a mixture of 0.45 wt % NovaXan 40 in Neodol; a mixture of 0.45 wt % NovaXan 80T in Neodol; 100 wt % water; and a blank, respectively.

[0122] Neodol is a C9-11 alcohol ethoxylate with eight ethylene oxide groups.

[0123] A piece of wood treated samples 1 to 28 was exposed at 0.35 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, at a temperature of 63° C., for 68 hours. At 45 hours the effect was already visible, but the study finished at 68 hours of exposure, the effect is significantly visible. A gradient can be perceived according to the increasing concentration of Neodol. At 68 hours no visible effect is still perceivable of neither gum NovaXan 40 or NovaXan 80T (samples 21 and 22). Also, Neodol is seen to have no clearance effect on its own at 100% concentration (sample 23). In other experiments, both xanthan gums alone showed a difference up until 116 hours, but for this case, at 68 hours the effect is very clear and a clear improvement in protection is perceived in the circles.

[0124] From this study, it can be concluded that NovaXan 40 and NovaXan 80T show slight UV protection but when either of them is combined with Neodol 91-8, the effect is increased. Further, less time is required to perceive the UV protection.

Example 5

[0125] To obtain an understanding between the interactions of alcohol ethoxylate, UV absorber, and xanthan gum, a partial factorial experiment was designed. Each of these ingredients was investigated at three different levels. The alcohol ethoxylate Neodol 91-8 (a C9-11 alcohol ethoxylate with eight ethylene oxide groups) was investigated at 0.00 wt %, 1.50 wt %, and 3.00 wt %. The UV absorber Tinogard TL (benzotriazolyl dodecyl p-cresol) was investigated at 0.00 wt %, 0.012 wt %, and 0.024 wt %. The xanthan gum was investigated at 0.00 wt %, 0.46 wt %, and 0.92 wt %. The formulation is presented in Table 4 below. The balance of the formulation was water.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Partial Factorial Design for Investigating an Interaction between Alcohol Ethoxylate, UV Absorber and Xanthan Gum alcohol ethoxylate UV absorber Formulations Neodol 91-8 Tinogard TL xanthan gum 41 0.00 wt % 0.017 wt % 0.00 wt % 42 0.00 wt % 0.024 wt % 0.92 wt % 43 1.50 wt % 0.024 wt % 0.92 wt % 44 1.50 wt % 0,012 wt % 0.46 wt % 45 3.00 wt % 0,024 wt % 0.46 wt % 46 0.00 wt %  0.00 wt % 0.92 wt % 47 3.00 wt %  0.00 wt % 0.92 wt % 48 0.00 wt % 0.024 wt % 0.00 wt % 49 3.00 wt % 0.024 wt % 0.00 wt % 50 3.00 wt % 0,012 wt % 0.92 wt % 51 3.00 wt % 0.00 wt % 0.00 wt % 52 0.00 wt % 0.00 wt % 0.46 wt % 53 1.50 wt % 0,00 wt % 0.0 t %

[0126] Approximately 0.5 mL samples of each of the formulations 41 to 53 above, plus water (formulation 54) was brushed to a pine wood surface and was left to dry at ambient temperature. The wood also had an area that was left untreated (designated as “formulation 55”).

[0127] The treated wood was placed into the test chamber described in Experiment 2, and was exposed at 0.35 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, at a temperature of 63° C., for 20 hours.

[0128] After the exposure, the color of the treated area was ascertained by the use of Spectro-guide 45/0 Gloss Color Spectrometer (Model 6801, available from BYK-Gardner GmbH, Geretsried, Germany). Each of the areas was sampled five times and averaged.

[0129] The color spectrometer obtained data under the CIELAB color space. The CIELAB color space (also known as CIE L*a*b* or sometimes abbreviated as simply “Lab” color space) is a color space defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1976. It expresses color as three values: L* for the lightness from black (0) to white (100), a* from green (−) to red (+), and b* from blue (−) to yellow (+). CIELAB was designed so that the same amount of numerical change in these values corresponds to roughly the same amount of visually perceived change. The change of color is given by the equation:

ΔE=[(L*.sub.2−L*.sub.1).sup.2+(a*.sub.2−a*.sub.1).sup.2+(b*.sub.2−b*.sub.1).sup.2].sup.1/2.

For values of ΔE<0.2, the changes are considered invisible. For values 0.2<ΔE<2, there is a small color change. For values 2<ΔE<3, the color change is visible by a high quality filter. For values 3<ΔE<6, the color change is visible by a medium quality filter. For values 6<ΔE<12, there is a distinct color change. For values ΔE>12, it is a different color.

[0130] The treated wood surface was exposed for an additional 20 hours (for a total of 40 hours), and after the exposure the color measurements was sampled in quintuplicate.

[0131] The entire process consisting of the treatment of the wood surface, 20-hour exposure, color measurements, additional 20-hour exposure, and color measurements, was repeated in the same manner once. The color data for both runs are presented in Tables 5 and 6 below. Table 5 shows initial data, and data after 20 hours, and in column ΔE the difference between the initial color and the color after 20 hours. Table 6 shows data after 40 hours, and in column ΔE the difference between the initial color and the color after 40 hours. For Table 6, the initial values of L*, a* and b* are the same as listed in Table 5.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Determination of color change after 20 hours Initial After 20 hours Form. L* a* b* L* a* b* ΔL* ΔE 41 86.45 3.47 17.45 80.62 5.7 25.37 −5.83 10.08 41 82.14 5.18 20.45 79.51 4.7 24.64 −2.63 4.97 42 83.6 4.36 18.73 83.48 5.87 19.39 −0.12 1.65 42 83.99 4.29 18.6 82.16 6.99 19.55 −1.83 3.4 43 84.47 4.13 18.57 84.04 3.54 22.43 −0.43 3.93 43 84.17 4.2 18.4 82.25 5.06 25.58 −1.92 7.48 44 80.81 5.71 22.5 81.88 5.41 25.62 1.07 3.31 44 85.3 3.87 18.42 81.41 6.34 21.14 −3.89 5.35 45 82.93 4.69 19.55 83.67 3.78 22.01 0.74 2.73 45 85.11 3.96 17.7 84.18 3.17 25.88 −0.93 8.27 46 84.63 4.14 18.28 82.21 3.91 25.09 −2.42 7.23 46 86.35 3.51 16.96 82.07 6.42 19.63 −4.28 5.82 47 85.14 3.82 17.87 84.95 3.25 23.85 −0.19 6.01 47 83.59 4.57 19.04 82.06 5.02 24.87 −1.53 6.04 48 81.76 5.42 21.19 83.21 4.4 25.19 1.45 4.38 48 83.38 4.54 19.18 83.73 4.98 20.96 0.35 1.87 49 84.45 4.29 18.37 83.61 6.06 19.49 −0.84 2.26 49 86.12 3.59 17.46 79.73 8.89 21.04 −6.39 9.04 50 84.02 4.27 18.24 82.61 4.44 22.5 −1.41 4.49 50 83.56 4.65 19.96 83.22 5.44 21.41 −0.34 1.69 51 85.25 3.98 18.08 59.17 3.06 15.95 −26.08 26.18 51 86.51 3.36 17.13 83.67 3.93 22.09 −2.84 5.74 52 85.95 3.58 17.68 82.62 5.43 21.66 −3.33 5.51 52 86.22 3.53 17.15 81.97 6.59 19.3 −4.25 5.66 53 84.02 4.26 18.39 80.45 6.23 26.16 −3.57 8.77 53 86.23 3.53 17.55 81.54 5.23 25.01 −4.69 8.97 54 85.44 3.89 18.13 81.52 4.84 25.72 −0.30 8.6 55 81.5 5.34 22.51 81.8 4.28 24.93 −3.92 2.66

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Determinationof color change after 40 hours After 40 hours Form. L* a* b* ΔL* ΔE 41 80.47 6.03 28.59 -5.98 12.9 41 79.32 6.61 30.01 -2.82 10.07 42 80.71 8.97 20.63 -2.89 5.76 42 80.58 8.51 20.81 -3.41 5.86 43 79.24 10.6 20.03 -5.23 8.45 43 78.04 7.02 32.31 -6.13 15.46 44 78.49 7.12 31.1 -2.32 9.02 44 78.46 10.57 20.54 -6.84 9.81 45 82.02 5.02 24.55 -0.91 5.09 45 81.43 4.75 30 54 -3.68 13.38 46 78.56 5.85 30.98 -6.07 14.18 46 79.38 9.16 20.93 -6.97 9.81 47 82.66 5.58 23.31 -2.48 6.23 47 78.36 6.87 30.18 -5.23 12.52 48 81.22 5.67 27.97 -0.54 6.81 48 81.31 7.01 23 53 -2.07 5.41 49 80.16 9.34 22.04 -4.29 7.57 49 77.65 11.73 20.52 -8.47 12.14 50 79.5 6.51 26.2 -4.52 9.42 50 78.32 6.19 29.93 -3.24 11.37 51 78.76 5.41 30.45 -6.49 14.04 51 81.44 5.24 24.31 -5.07 8.99 52 80.77 7.03 23.5 -5.18 8.52 52 77.74 9.52 26.28 -8.48 13.83 53 77.6 7.41 32.01 -6.42 15.38 53 78.96 6.52 30.19 -7.27 14.88 54 77.41 7.34 30.65 -8.03 15.27 55 81.67 5.3 27.22 0.17 4.71

[0132] An analysis of the above data included Pareto charts of the standardized effects. Table 7 lists the standardized effects of the concentrations of alcohol ethoxylate, UV absorber, xanthan gum, and selected cross-factors for ΔL*, at α=0.15, for data after 20 hours and 40 hours of exposure. Table 8 lists the standardized effects of the concentrations of alcohol ethoxylate, UV absorber, xanthan gum, and selected cross-factors for ΔE, at α=0.15, for data after 20 hours and 40 hours of exposure.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Standardized effects of selected factors on the ΔL* Factor Exposure: 20 hrs Exposure: 40 hrs UV absorber 2.72 2.29 alcohol ethoxylate × xanthan gum 2.53 1.71 xanthan gum 2.19 0.20 alcohol ethoxyl ate 1.10 0.13

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Standardized effects of selected factors on the ΔE Factor Exposure: 20 hrs Exposure: 40 hrs alcohol ethoxylate — 5.79 UV absorber 2.72 2.02 xanthan gum 1.70 0.74 alcohol ethoxylate × alcohol — 4.09 ethoxylate alcohol ethoxylate × UV absorber — 5.89 alcohol ethoxylate × xanthan gum — 3.79 UV absorber × xanthan gum 1.48 xanthan gum × xanthan gum — 2.92

Example 6

[0133] Twenty-eight model formulations of various alcohol ethoxylate and xanthan gum were prepared as presented in Table 9. Formulations wherein entries for both alcohol ethoxylate and xanthan gum are “0.00 wt %” means that the formulation applied is deionized water. Formulations wherein entries for both alcohol ethoxylate and xanthan gum are “--” means that no treatment was applied. The column labeled “alcohol ethoxylate:xanthan gum ratio” is calculated ratio of alcohol ethoxylate to xanthan gum in wt %; entries “-” mean that the formulation did not contain both alcohol ethoxylate and xanthan gum.

[0134] The twenty-eight formulations were applied to a wood surface in a similar manner as that discussed in previous examples. The treated wood was placed into the test chamber described in Experiment 2, and was exposed at 0.35 W/m.sup.2 at 340 nm, at a temperature of 63° C., for 116 hours.

[0135] The wood surface that was left untreated, such as those of “formulations” 74 and 79, showed darkening of the wood surface. UV protection was judged based on the darkness of the wood compared to that of untreated surface: the lightest was judged to be “Excellent”, the slightly darker was judged to be “Good”, more darker was “Fair”, and the darkest was “Poor”.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 alcohol xanthan alcohol ethoxylate: Form. ethoxylate gum xanthan gum ratio UV Protection 61 0.00 wt % 0.00 wt % — Poor 62 1.50 wt % 0.00 wt % — Fair 63 0.00 wt % 0.45 wt % — Poor 64 5.00 wt % 0.45 wt % 11:1 Excellent 65 0.10 wt % 0.00 wt % — Poor 66 0.10 wt % 0.00 wt % — Poor 67 2.00 wt % 0.45 wt % 4.4:1 Good 68 0.00 wt % 0.00 wt % — Poor 69 0.10 wt % 0.45 wt % 0.22:1 Poor 70 10.0 wt % 0.45 wt % 22.2:1 Excellent 71 0.50 wt % 0.45 wt % 1.1:1 Fair 72 7.00 wt % 0.45 wt % 4.4:1 Good 73 0.00 wt % 0.00 wt % — Poor 74 — — — Poor 75 1.50 wt % 0.23 wt % 6.5:1 Good 76 0.50 wt % 0.45 wt % 1.1:1 Fair 77 2.00 wt % 0.00 wt % — Poor 78 0.00 wt % 0.00 wt % — Poor 79 — — — Poor 80 0.10 wt % 0.45 wt % 0.22:1 Poor 81 1.50 wt % 0.00 wt % — Poor 82 0.00 wt % 0.45 wt % — Poor 83 2.00 wt % 0.00 wt % — Fair 84 1.50 wt % 0.23 wt % 6.5:1 Good 85 10.00 wt % 0.45 wt % 22.2:1 Excellent 86 500 wt % 0.45 wt % 11.1:1 Excellent 87 0.00 wt % 0.23 wt % — Poor 88 0.00 wt % 0.23 wt % — Poor

[0136] The observed data between the duplicative formulations suggest that the data is reproducible and consistent. The data shows that there is a synergy between alcohol ethoxylate and xanthan gum. The use of formulations comprising alcohol ethoxylate without xanthan gum appears to have no or limited UV protection (see, for example, formulations 62, 65, 66, 77, 81, or 83). Likewise, the use of formulations comprising xanthan gum without alcohol ethoxylate also appears to have no or limited UV protection (see, for example, formulations 63, 82, 87, and 88). Formulations that result in UV protection contain both alcohol ethoxylate and xanthan gum.

[0137] It thus appears that the high ratio of alcohol ethoxylate to xanthan gum is crucial to UV protection.

[0138] While the present invention has been described with reference to several embodiments, which embodiments have been set forth in considerable detail for the purposes of making a complete disclosure of the invention, such embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to be limiting or represent an exhaustive enumeration of all aspects of the invention. The scope of the invention is to be determined from the claims appended hereto. Further, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that numerous changes may be made in such details without departing from the spirit and the principles of the invention.