METHOD FOR MICRO-RIDGE MIXED-SOWING CULTIVATION OF RICE

Abstract

A method for micro-ridge mixed-sowing cultivation of rice includes: S1: draining away water at the maturity stage of the preceding crop until reaching a state allowing a harvester to operate; S2: harvesting the preceding crop, leaving the stubble, smashing the stalks of the preceding crop, and then spreading the smashed stalks on the stubble to form a rhizosphere layer for rice growth; S3: trenching the field to form ecological trenches; S4: flattening the standing stubble and the smashed stalks on the seedbed surface to form an underlying surface, molding seed-fertilizer-soil compounds into a ridge shape and fall the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds on the underlying surface to form ecological ridges, wherein a plurality of ecological ridges are formed between adjacent ecological trenches, and the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds are obtained by thoroughly mixing rice seeds, chemical fertilizers and soil at a mass ratio of 6 to 14:50 to 70:6,000 to 10,000.

Claims

1. A method for micro-ridge mixed-sowing cultivation of rice, comprising the following steps: S1: draining away water at a maturity stage of a preceding crop until reaching a state allowing a harvester to operate; S2: harvesting the preceding crop, leaving standing stubble, smashing stalks of the preceding crop to obtain smashed stalks, and then spreading the smashed stalks on the standing stubble to form a rhizosphere layer for rice growth; S3: trenching a field to form a plurality of ecological trenches; S4: flattening the standing stubble and the smashed stalks on a seedbed surface to form an underlying surface; molding seed-fertilizer-soil compounds into a ridge shape and falling the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds on the underlying surface to form a plurality of ecological ridges, wherein ecological ridges of the plurality of ecological ridges are formed between adjacent ecological trenches of the plurality of ecological trenches, each of the plurality of ecological ridges is a trapezoid with a bottom width of 5.5 to 9.5 cm, a top width of 1.5 to 3.5 cm and a height 3.5 to 6.5 cm, an ecological depression is formed between adjacent ecological ridges of the plurality of ecological ridges, and after sowing, an irrigation is carried out once in a manner, wherein the manner comprises: draining irrigation water shortly after the irrigation, without leaving a water layer in the field; wherein the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds are obtained by thoroughly mixing rice seeds, chemical fertilizers and soil at a mass ratio of 6 to 14:50 to 70:6,000 to 10,000.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, a spacing between the adjacent ecological trenches is 1.8 to 8 m, and each of the plurality of ecological trenches has a depth of 45 to 65 cm and a width of 10 to 18 cm.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising S5: when the rice enters an initial tillering stage, putting 300 21-to-30-day-old ducklings per ha for weeding, pest control, disease prevention and control, and inter-tillage.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a water management in a cultivation process comprises: after seedling emergence of the rice, maintaining the water layer at a depth of 1 to 2 cm; at a tillering stage of the rice, adopting a soil moisture-based irrigation, and maintaining the water layer at a depth of 2 to 4 cm; at a late tillering stage and when a number of tillers reaches 80% of a number of effective panicles, drying the field; at a heading-to-flowering stage and a milk stage, carrying out the soil moisture-based irrigation, maintaining the water layer at a depth of 1 cm, and irrigating within 3 to 4 days after water in the water layer is exhausted; and at a yellow ripening stage, drying the field.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rice seeds in S4 are germinated seeds with broken husks, and an amount of the rice seeds is 45 to 105 kg/ha.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the soil in S4 is soil thrown up during trenching in S3.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, ditch cleaning and drainage are carried out at a late maturity stage of the preceding crop.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a spacing within and between rows for conventional rice during sowing is 10 to 15 cm×17 to 23 cm, and a spacing within and between rows for hybrid rice is 16 to 22 cm×23 to 27 cm.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, a chain trencher is used for trenching the field.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the standing stubble and the smashed stalks are flattened by using a warped pressing plate; in S4, the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds pass through a drop guide before falling to the underlying surface; the drop guide conveys the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds to a shaper, and then the trapezoid is formed through the shaper to fall on the underlying surface, wherein the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds are scattered.

11. The method according to claim 2, wherein the rice seeds in S4 are germinated seeds with broken husks, and an amount of the rice seeds is 45 to 105 kg/ha.

12. The method according to claim 3, wherein the rice seeds in S4 are germinated seeds with broken husks, and an amount of the rice seeds is 45 to 105 kg/ha.

13. The method according to claim 4, wherein the rice seeds in S4 are germinated seeds with broken husks, and an amount of the rice seeds is 45 to 105 kg/ha.

14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the soil in S4 is soil thrown up during trenching in S3.

15. The method according to claim 3, wherein the soil in S4 is soil thrown up during trenching in S3.

16. The method according to claim 4, wherein the soil in S4 is soil thrown up during trenching in S3.

17. The method according to claim 2, wherein in S1, ditch cleaning and drainage are carried out at a late maturity stage of the preceding crop.

18. The method according to claim 3, wherein in S1, ditch cleaning and drainage are carried out at a late maturity stage of the preceding crop.

19. The method according to claim 4, wherein in S1, ditch cleaning and drainage are carried out at a late maturity stage of the preceding crop.

20. The method according to claim 2, wherein a spacing within and between rows for conventional rice during sowing is 10 to 15 cm×17 to 23 cm, and a spacing within and between rows for hybrid rice is 16 to 22 cm×23 to 27 cm.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the micro-ridge mixed sowing machine.

[0052] FIG. 2 is a side view of the micro-ridge mixed sowing machine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0053] To make the above-mentioned technical solution more comprehensible, the above-mentioned technical solution will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings of the specification and the specific implementations.

EMBODIMENT

[0054] As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 2, a micro-ridge mixed-sowing machine includes the tractor 1 and the link rod 2 fixedly connected to the rear of the tractor 1. The arrow in FIG. 1 indicates the heading direction of the tractor 1, and the rear of the tractor 1 refers to the direction opposite to the arrow. The tractor 1 is provided with a first driving device connected to one end of the chain trencher 3. The chain trencher 3 is arranged obliquely. The upper end of the chain trencher 3 is connected to the first driving device, and the lower end of the chain trencher 3 is in contact with the ground. The chain trencher 3 includes the driving wheel 31, the driven wheel 32, the first unloaded chain 33, the second unloaded chain 34, the chain beam 35, the scraper 36 and the load chain 37. The first unloaded chain 33 and the second unloaded chain 34 are arranged between the driving wheel 31 and the driven wheel 32 in a winding manner. There are multiple chain beams 35, which are arranged between the first unloaded chain 33 and the second unloaded chain 34. The scraper 36 is fixed outside the first unloaded chain 33 and the second unloaded chain 34. The load chain 37 is also arranged between the driving wheel 31 and the driven wheel 32 in a winding manner. The first driving device is connected to the driving wheel 31. The first driving device drives the driving wheel to rotate, thereby driving the driven wheel, the first unloaded chain, the second unloaded chain, and the load chain to rotate. The scraper digs trenches in the soil and throws up the soil. The operating parameters of the chain trencher 3 include a trench spacing of 1.8 to 8 m, a trench depth of 45 to 65 cm, and a trench width of 10 to 18 cm.

[0055] The conveyor 4 is arranged below the chain trencher 3. The upper end of the conveyor 4 is not closed to be used for receiving the thrown soil, and the conveyor 4 adopts a spiral impeller. The conveyor 4 is connected to the fertilizer apparatus 5 and the seeding apparatus 6. The conveyor 4, the fertilizer apparatus 5 and the seeding apparatus 6 are respectively driven by a second driving device, a third driving device, and a fourth driving device which are arranged on the tractor 1. The other end of the conveyor 4 is connected to the screw conveyor 7. The screw conveyor 7 is fixed on the link rod 2, and the screw conveyor 7 is driven by a fifth driving device which is arranged on the tractor 1.

[0056] The bottom of the screw conveyor 7 is sequentially connected to the drop guide 8 and the shaper 9 from top to bottom. There are multiple sets of drop guides 8 and shapers 9. The shaper 9 is a trapezoid with a bottom width of 5.5 to 11.5 cm, a top width of 1.5 to 5.5 cm, and a height of 3.5 to 9.5 cm. The distance between two adjacent sets of drop guides 8 and shapers 9 is 4 to 6 cm.

[0057] The warped pressing plate 10 includes a warped end and a horizontal end. The warped end is fixed to the link rod 2, and the horizontal end is parallel to the ground and close to the ground. The warped pressing plate 10 is L-shaped. The warped end is perpendicular to the horizontal end.

[0058] The conveyor, the fertilizer apparatus, the seeding apparatus, and the spiral conveyor are all driven by DC motors, respectively. The drop guide and the shaper have no driving device, relying on gravity, the kinetic energy of the machine during forward movement, and the coupling with the drop guide and the shaper to guide the falling and carry out the shaping for the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds.

Embodiment 1

[0059] From March, 2019 to July, 2019, micro-ridge mixed-sowing cultivation of early rice was implemented in the Quantang Subdistrict, Mingyue Village, Lukou Town, Changsha County, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China:

[0060] 1. The preceding crop was Chinese cabbage, which was harvested on April 7. Ditch cleaning and drainage were carried out on that day, and the soil surface was wet but, nonetheless, the four-wheel tractor could work.

[0061] 2. The broken leaves left by the cabbage stubble were not removed to serve as a rhizosphere layer for rice growth.

[0062] 3. Sowing is carried out by using the micro-ridge mixed-sowing machine: 1) the chain trencher is used for trenching to throw up the soil in the field to form trenches. The trench spacing is 8 m, the trench depth is 45 cm, and the trench width is 12 cm. Most of the thrown soil becomes the raw materials for mixed sowing. The materials for sowing include rice seeds, chemical fertilizers, and soil to form compounds. When sowing, the germinated seeds with broken husks, the chemical fertilizers, and the soil thrown up during trenching are mixed at a mass ratio of 10:60:8,200 by using a mixer of the micro-ridge mixed sowing machine. The consumption of the seeds is 75 kg per ha. The seeds are sown after being mixed with 30 kg of compound fertilizer having an N:P:K ratio of 18:9:18 and the soil. During operation, the micro-ridge mixed sowing machine completes, at one time, stubble flattening and spreading, trenching, soil taking, seed-fertilizer-soil mixing, and discharge of the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds in strips into the ridges.

[0063] 2) On the seedbed surface between the trenches, the broken cabbage leaves and topsoil are pressed by using the warped pressing plate installed on the micro-ridge mixed sowing machine, so as to form a relatively flat underlying surface. The seed-fertilizer-soil compounds are spread in strips on the field surface to complete the sowing. Before falling on the ground, the sown seed-fertilizer-soil compounds pass through the drop guide and the shaper to form trapezoids each with a wide bottom and a narrow top, thus forming a row of micro-ridges. The ridge has a bottom width of 6.5 cm, a top width of 1.5 cm, and a height of 3.5 cm. During operation, the micro-ridge mixed sowing machine completes, at one time, stubble flattening and spreading, trenching, soil taking, seed-fertilizer-soil mixing, and discharge of the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds in strips into the ridges. After sowing, an irrigation is carried out once in a manner, wherein the manner includes: draining water shortly after the irrigation, without leaving a water layer in the field.

[0064] 4. When rice enters the initial tillering stage, 375 25-day-old ducklings are put per ha for weeding, pest control, disease prevention and control, and inter-tillage. At the early stage of free-range rearing, the ducklings are fed with special feed, with 0.01 kg per day for each duckling. After adapting to the field environment, the ducklings obtain food mainly by grazing in the field, supplemented by food feeding. During the peak tillering period of rice, compound feed is put in every late afternoon instead of the special feed. The compound feed is obtained in the following manner: mixing corn flour of 20 kg, bean dregs of 7.5 kg, oil bran of 7.5 kg, rice bran and hull of 7.5 kg, and green feed of 7.5 kg (the green feed shall be chopped) to obtain a mixture, and then adding well water of 25 kg (with probiotics of 0.25 kg) to the mixture. 0.03 kg of feed is put per duckling per day, and the feeding amount is increased as the weight of the ducklings increases. Water management is carried out in coordination with rice growth and duckling activities. After the rice seedlings emerge, the water layer is maintained at a depth of 1 to 2 cm. At the tillering stage, soil moisture-based irrigation is adopted, and the water layer is maintained at a depth of 2 to 4 cm. At the late tillering stage and when the number of tillers reaches 80% of the number of effective panicles, the field is dried appropriately until reaching a state in which the farmer can stand in the field without sinking feet into the field. At the heading-to-flowering stage and the milk stage, soil moisture-based irrigation is carried out, and the water layer is maintained at a depth of 1 cm, and an irrigation is carried out within 3 days after the water is exhausted. At the yellow ripening stage, the field is dried.

[0065] 5. According to the seedling and weather conditions at the booting stage, 60 kg of compound fertilizer having an N:P:K ratio of 18:9:18 is applied per ha.

[0066] 6. The early rice grew and developed normally without lodging during the entire growth period, the yield is increased, and the fertilizer consumption is decreased.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparison table of comprehensive benefits in crop farming by comparing micro- ridge mixed-sowing cultivation with conventional cultivation of early rice Consumption Compound Mechanical of compound Rice Mechanical fertilizer operation Saved cost fertilizer yield operation per ha cost per ha and increased per ha per ha Lodging cost per ha reduced by reduced by benefit per ha Type (kg) (kg) condition (CNY) (kg) (CNY) (CNY) Micro-ridge 510 8719.5 None 2400 210 600 2270.25 mixed-sowing Conventional 720 7392 Slight 3000 cultivation

[0067] The content clarified in the above embodiments should be construed as that these embodiments are only used to explain the present invention more clearly, rather than to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, modifications to the present invention in various equivalent forms by those skilled in the art shall fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present invention.