ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECT OF AGAROPHYTON CHILENSIS EXTRACT IN PROSTATE CANCER

Abstract

The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition of an extract of Agarophyton chilensis, with antiproliferative effect in prostate cancer, comprising

(a) 0.1 to 90% of an oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis, with the following major components: palmitic acid, arachidonic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, meristic acid, linoleic acid; and

(b) 10 to 99.9% excipients and formulation aids for different pharmaceutical forms. And its use to prepare a drug for the treatment or prevention of prostate cancer and other hyperproliferative states of prostate tissue cells.

Claims

1. Pharmaceutical composition, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises (a) 8.1 to 90% of an oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis, with the following major components palmitic acid, arachidonic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, linoleic acid; and (b) 10 to 99.9% excipients and formulation aids for different pharmaceutical forms.

2. Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis comprises 35 to 45% palmitic acid, 14 to 25% arachidonic acid, 9 to 20% oleic acid, 2 to 8% stearic acid, 2 to 8% myristic acid and 2 to 8% linoleic acid as major components.

3. Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that the oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis comprises 37 to 43% palmitic acid, 16 to 23% arachidonic acid, 11 to 18% oleic acid, 3 to 6% stearic acid, 3 to 6% myristic acid and 3 to 6% linoleic acid as major components.

4. Use of the composition according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that it serves to prepare an antiproliferative drug.

5. Use according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that it serves to prevent or treat prostate cancer.

6. Use according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED in that it serves to treat prostate cancer with localized tumors or in advanced stages of the disease.

7. Use according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that it serves to prevent or treat hyperproliferative states of prostate tissue cells, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia.

8. Use according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the drug is harmless to non-tumor cells.

9. Use in accordance with claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that it is used to make a medicine in the form of syrups, pills, tablets, injectable solutions, gels, creams or ointments.

10. Method of treatment and prevention of prostate cancer and other hyperproliferative states of prostate tissue cells, CHARACTERIZED in that it includes administering the composition of claim 1 to individuals suffering from or at risk of developing prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0013] FIG. 1. Effect of oleoresin from Agarophyton chilensis (Extract) on the proliferation of CaP cell lines. (A) Experimental strategy to treat and count cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours incubated with increasing concentrations of the extract (0, 1, 10, 50 and 100 μg/ml), Number of cells of LNCaP (B) and PC-3 (C) cells, after 24, 48, and 72 hours (h) of incubation with oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis (Extract). Each black dot represents the average of three independent experiments performed in triplicate.

[0014] FIG. 2. Oleoresin effect of Agarophyton chilensis (Extract) on the proliferation of non-tumor cells. The oleoresin effect of Agarophyton chilensis (Extract, 60 μg/ml) on the survival of benign human HUVEC and HEK-293 cells and PC12 cells corresponding to a rat pheochromocytoma (benign tumor) at 48 hours post-treatment The dotted line indicates the percentage of cell survival at time 0. ns: not significant with respect to the control.

[0015] FIG. 3. Effect of oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis (Extract) on the growth of CaP PC-3, (A) The number of cells was counted every day from day 1 to day 8 and every other day from day 10 to day 14, for untreated (control) cells or cells treated with Agarophyton chilensis oleoresin (Extract, 60 μg/ml). The black continuous horizontal lines indicate the maximum number of cells reached for each treatment (stationary phase). The dotted lines represent the changes in the slopes of each curve (exponential phase). (B) Summary table of the slopes (slope) of the exponential phase and of the maximum cell density (Maximum Cell Density) in the absence (control) and presence of oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis (Extract), Each point represents two or three independent experiments performed in triplicate.

[0016] FIG. 4. Effect of Oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis on cell size of the CaP PC-3 cell line. The size of PC-3 cells treated with 60 μg/ml of Agarophyton chilensis oleoresin (Extract) at day 2, 5, 9 and 12 of treatment Each point represents two independent experiments performed in triplicate.

[0017] FIG. 5. Effect of oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis on the apoptosis of the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line. Quantification of propium iodide (Pi) and annexin V staining data for untreated PC-3 cells (A) (control) or cells treated with Agarophyton chilensis oleoresin (B) (Extract, 60 μg/ml) for the days indicated. The black circles represent viable cells, white circles represent apoptotic cells, and white triangles represent late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The invention relates to the use of an oily extract of Agarophyton chilensis to prepare a pharmaceutical composition with antiproliferative properties useful for the treatment and prevention of Prostate Cancer.

[0019] In a first aspect the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition, which includes

[0020] (a) 0.1 to 90% of an oleoresin of Agorophyton chilensis, with the following major components: palmitic acid, arachidonic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, linoleic acid; and

[0021] (b) 10 to 99.9% excipients and formulation aids for different pharmaceutical forms, Where oleoresin comprises 35 to 45% palmitic acid, 14 to 25% arachidonic acid, 9 to 20% oleic acid, 2 to 8% stearic acid, 2 to 8% myristic acid and 2 to 8% linoleic acid as major components. Particularly oleoresin comprises 37 to 43% pahnitic acid, 16 to 23% arachidonic acid, 11 to 18% oleic acid, 3 to 6% stearic acid, 3 to 6% myristic acid and 3 to 6% linoleic acid as major components.

[0022] This composition allows for the preparation of an antiproliferative drug useful for preventing or treating prostate cancer, either in localized tumors or in more advanced stages of the disease. As well as preventing or treating hyperproliferative states of prostate tissue cells, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia. The composition is harmless for non-tumor cells.

[0023] The drug can be formulated the form of syrups, pills, tablets, injectable solutions, gels, creams or ointments.

[0024] Another aspect the invention relates to a method of treatment and prevention of prostate cancer arid other hyperproliferative states of prostate tissue cells, which consists of administering the indicated composition to individuals who suffer from or are at risk of developing prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia.

[0025] Within the excipients or auxiliaries of formulation the use of vehicles, such as mineral oil, pharmaceutical grade vegetable oil, such as soybean oil, olive, sesame, castor and preservatives, such as citric acid, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, or any other pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or preservative available in the technique can be considered.

[0026] As indicated, the oily extract or oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis is preferably obtained by the method described in patent WO2014186913, or by any other available in the technique, where the method described in said international presentation includes a liquid solid extraction, of the pulverized lyophilized algae, with dichloromethane in gaseous nitrogen atmosphere. The liquid phase of this extraction is filtered and concentrated in a rotavapor in order to eliminate the solvent, obtaining the oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Preparation of the Composition

[0027] Oleoresin was obtained from the cultured and lyophilized Agarophyton chilensis algae, subjected to lipid extraction as described in patent application WO2014186913 (A1). 50 g of freeze-dried algae were extracted with 180 ml of dichloromethane in flasks saturated with an atmosphere of nitrogen gas and sealed, stirred at 34° C. for 30 minutes. The liquid phase was separated and a second extraction was performed under the same conditions. Both liquid phases were filtered and mixed, to undergo rotavapor drying at 39° C. for 30 minutes, to finish the evaporation of the solvent in nitrogen atmosphere. The oleoresin obtained was resuspended in a minimum volume of cyclohexane, and was lyophilized again.

[0028] The oleoresin obtained has the following composition: 51.7% saturated fatty acids, 18.2%, monounsaturated, 24.7% polyunsaturated and 2.2% trans fatty acids, the most abundant being palmitic acid, with 39%. The complete composition is shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Fatty acid composition in the oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis Type Fatty acid (%) Saturated Tridecanoic 1.15 Myristic 3.90 Palmitic 39.20 Margaric 1.30 Stearic 4.0 Polyunsaturated Linoleic 3.39 Arachidonic 19.40 Alpha-linolenic 0.61 EPA 0.66 DHA 0.10 Monounsaturated Oleic 14.2 Trans — 2.25

[0029] The characterization of the lipid extract or oleoresin showed that it has a high antioxidant activity, as shown in Table 2. Additionally, the presence of tocophore arid carotenes was performed at the PAM Chile BC Laboratory, as well as the fatty acid profile, which is shown in Table 3.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Total antioxidant capacity of Agarophyton chilensis crude extract. (Results expressed in equivalents of Uric Ac./100 mg sample) mg Uric Acid Eq/100 mg Extract Sample Average Oily Extract of Agarophyton chilensis 430 Oily Extract of Spirulina 344 Oily Extract of Maqui 305

[0030] These values were obtained with the Oxiselect™ Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAG) test kit from Cell Biolabs, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Oily extract from commercial samples of Maqui and Spirulina powder (n=3) is used as a comparison.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Composition of antioxidants in crude extract (oleoresin) of Agarophyton chilensis. α-Tocopherol γ-Tocopherol δ-Tocopherol Total tocopherols Lycopene Beta-carotene (μg/gr) (μg/gr) (μg/gr) (μg/gr) (μg/gr) (μg/gr) 527.7 5232 2657 6673 ND 1538

[0031] Determination of tocopherol content in raw extract of Agarophyton chilensis. The determination is expressed in micrograms of antioxidant per gram of crude extract.

Example 2

In-Vitro Effect of Extracts on Tumor Aggressiveness in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

[0032] To determine the in vitro effect of the extracts on tumor aggressiveness in prostate cancer cell lines, the following cell lines were used: 1_,NGJAP and PC-3, both prostate cancer with low and high degree of tumor aggressiveness, respectively. The cells of each line are incubated for 24 48, and 72 hours in a medium with increasing concentrations, 0, 1, 10, 50 and 100 μg/ml of the oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis obtained in example 1. All experiments were performed in triplicate.

[0033] Our in vitro results in the human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and PC-3, indicated that the oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the survival of both cell lines, the results are shown in FIG. 1. In these graphs, it can be interpolated that 50% inhibition, with respect to the control, would be obtained with approximately 60 μg/ml of oleoresin from Agarophyton chilensis. This inhibitory effect was observed in periods of time of exposure to oleoresin as short as 24 hrs and was increased in the treated cultures for longer periods (48 and 72 hours) (FIG. 1B-C).

Example 3

In-Vitro Effect of the Extracts on Non-Cancerous Human Cell Lines

[0034] To evaluate the effect of oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis on healthy tissue, the effect of mean inhibitory concentration or IC 50 (60 μg/ml) on the survival of non-malignant human cell lines such as human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC), human kidney embryonic cells (HEK-293) and pheochromocytoma (benign tumor) cells of rat adrenal medulla (PC12) was tested. The number of cells was evaluated at 48 hrs of incubation with oleoresin (treatment) The results are shown in FIG. 2. Our results showed that the oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis had no significant effect on the reduction of survival in human HUVEC and HEK-293 cells, nor in cells of a benign rat tumor, PC12.

Example 4

In-Vitro Effect of Extracts on the Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells

[0035] In order to characterize in detail the effect of the oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis (60 μg/ml) on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, the effect of the IC 50 concentration on the PC-3 prostate cancer line was evaluated, as it is highly aggressive and metastatic. A cell growth curve was performed in the absence (control) or presence of 60 μg/ml of oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis for 14 days. The results are shown in FIG. 3.

[0036] Our results showed two important effects on the PC-3 cell growth curve. First, we observed a significant decrease in the slope of the exponential growth phase of the PC-3 cell growth curve in the presence of Agarophyton chilensis oleoresin (FIG. 3A-B), suggesting a direct inhibitory effect of Agarophyton chilensis on PC-3 cell proliferation.

[0037] On the other hand, a significant. decrease in the stationary phase was observed in the presence of oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis (60 μg/ml) compared to the control situation, which suggests a recovery of the capacity of inhibition by contact in the presence of oleoresin (FIG. 3A-B).

[0038] To confirm these latest results, changes in PC-3 cell size in the absence (control) or presence of oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis (60 μg/ml) were measured at increasing incubation times, from 0 to 12 days. The results are shown in FIG. 4.

[0039] Our results showed that oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis (60 μg/ml) does not. significantly affect the size of PC-3 cells, which excludes the possibility that the oleoresin effect of Agarophyton chilensis on PC-3 cells at the stationary phase level of the growth curve is due to an increase in cell size.

Example 5

In-Vitro Effect of Extracts on Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells

[0040] Finally, the effect of oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis (60 μg/ml) on the process of cell death (apoptosis) in PC-3 prostate cancer cells using the propidiurn V-Iodide annexin system was analyzed. For this, the living and dead cells in the absence and presence of oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis were quantified at 2, 5, 9 and 12 days of incubation. The results are shown in FIG. 5, where the percentage of cells with respect to day 0 or control is expressed.

[0041] Our results showed that the oleoresin of Agorophyton chilensis significantly increased the cell death process (FIG. 5B) compared to the control condition (FIG. 5A).

Example 6

Pharmaceutical Composition

[0042] An injectable composition comprising 10% oleoresin of Agarophyton chilensis and 90% pharmaceutical grade castor oil was prepared.