Geological exploration method for making plan and elevation drawings directly by rotational tin network and non profiling method

Abstract

A set of geological exploration methods of using the non-section methods and rotary networks formed by triangulated irregulars. It aims to directly construct high-precision three-dimensional models, plans and sections for solving the drawbacks of existing geological exploration methods, such as the dispersion of drill holes, the faults tracking, the controlling of structures, minelayers/stratum/ore bodies, the bending correction of drill holes, and the geological map-making methods.

Claims

1. A geological exploration method, comprising: determining the side length of a basic square based on an analysis method and encryption method and mathematical statistic method and dilution method, or using two times the side length of a square exploration network; arranging four sampling points a, b, c and d respectively at four vertexes of the basic square; dispersing three sampling points within the basic square; joining the above three sampling points a, b and c by a triangle; selecting a vertex from the four vertexes of the basic square; minimizing the sum of distances from the sampling point arranged at the selected vertex of the basic square to two adjacent sampling points of triangle vertexes inside the basic square; and joining the three sampling points by triangle; respectively making joint lines from the other three vertexes of the basic square to a respective nearest sampling point of triangle vertex inside the basic square; and forming a basic unit; generating a basic rotary unit by counterclockwise rotating the basic unit for 90 degrees from an original position; generating a second rotary unit by counterclockwise rotating the basic unit for 180 degrees from an original position; and generating a third rotary unit by counterclockwise rotating the basic unit for 270 degrees from its original position; joining the basic rotary unit to the base of the basic unit, joining the third rotary unit to the right side of the basic unit, and joining the second rotary unit to the right side of the basic rotary unit and the base of the third rotary unit; at the same time, making the sampling points at the vertexes of two adjacent units coincide; then, joining the sampling points of triangle vertexes which are on both sides of a common edge of adjacent two units, and making the minimum angle larger among six interior angles in two adjacent triangles, such that the length of the joint lines is between 0.20 and 0.85 times of the basic square side length, and making the distribution of sampling points more staggered and dispersed; removing the lines between two adjacent vertexes of the basic square and thereby connecting a square matching unit comprising four units, specifically the basic unit, the basic rotary unit, the second rotary unit, and the third rotary unit; using a matching unit as a reproducing unit, and translating and replicating the matching unit in an exploration area; at the same time, make the sampling points at the vertexes of two adjacent matching units coincide; joining the sampling points which are on both sides of the common edge of two adjacent matching units, and making the minimum angle larger among the 6 interior angles in two adjacent triangles, the length of the joint lines is between 0.20 and 0.85 times of the basic square side length, the distribution of sampling points is more staggered and dispersed; removing the lines between two adjacent vertexes of squares to form an initial rotary network; wherein the initial rotary network can be also suitable for horizontal exploration; respectively choosing one unit from the four units in the matching unit as starting unit of initial rotary network, and obtaining 4 subset programs of the initial rotary network; then, selecting a program from the 4 subset programs, exploratory wells or drill holes are arranged at the sampling points of initial exploration networks; determining the strike and dip direction of mine layer and stratum, and fault occurrence based on the logging and non-oriented cores from one drill hole that met fault, and the loggings from adjacent drill holes; determining the strike and dip direction of marker layer which is contacted or virtually contacted with the bottom/top surface of fault, and fault occurrence; determining the strike and dip direction of marker layer which is contacted or virtually contacted with the bottom and top surface of fault; contacting the attitude of mine layer and stratum, and determining whether the attitude of the mine layer and stratum, which is contacted with the bottom and top surface of fault, is visible in a core when the attitude of the mine layer and stratum is visible in the core, if the strike of fault and marker layer on the horizontal top surface of oblique drill core is not through the center of core, taking the drill core upright, and taking the marker layer and fault to the virtual position which is through the center of core and keeping its attitude; when the attitude of mine layer and stratum, which is contacted with the bottom and top surface of fault, is invisible in the core taking the drill core upright, and taking the mine layer and stratum and ore body near the fault in the core pieces, or in the adjacent core pieces which are put together with the core piece where the fault exists, to the virtual position passing through the center of core and keeping its attitude; plotting a local structure contour map for bottom surface of marker layer in the range, adjacent to the drill hole which met fault, according to the bottom elevations of this marker layer in this drill hole and adjacent drill holes, on one side of roughly strike of marker layer; then, plotting another local structure contour map on another side; at last, choosing the rational group of two groups dip angles, roughly strikes and roughly dip directions in two maps, as dip angle α.sub.mo, roughly strike OL.sub.o (wherein OL.sub.o is the rough direction of a line in the oblique drill core) and roughly dip direction of marker layer; based on the range of the azimuth v, the roughly dip direction of marker layer, the relative positions of v, OL.sub.o and ω′, ω′ stands for the strike of marker layer on upright core, the formulas group selected for determining the strike and dip direction of marker layer, and fault attitude, can be classified to the A, B and C three sets of formulas groups; all formulas of A, B and C are from the groups consisting of the following, wherein two-character acronyms indicate line segments between a first point labeled with a first character and a second point labeled with a second character, wherein three-character acronyms preceded by a ∠ symbol indicate an angle defined by a first point labeled with a first character, a second point disposed at a vertex of the angle and labeled with a second character, and a third point labeled with a third character, and wherein acronyms including the name of a trigonometric operation followed by three characters indicate the execution of the trigonometric operation on an angle defined by the points represented by the three characters:
sin FOM=sin r.Math.cos AOB.sub.m  (1)
FH=OF.Math.cos AOB.sub.m.Math.tan r  (2)
BC.sup.2=2R.sup.2.Math.(1−cos(90−∠AOB.sub.m)  (3)
tan FHK=BC/FH  (4)
tan DBC=(1−sin AOB.sub.m)/cos AOB.sub.m  (5)
tan CBI=tan α′.sub.m.Math.cos(90−∠DBC−∠AOB.sub.m)  (6)
∠HFK=90−∠CBI  (7)
FK=FH.Math.sin FHK/sin(180−∠FHK−∠HFK)  (8)
tan COI=tan α′.sub.m.Math.cos AOB.sub.m  (9)
sin BOI=sin COI/sin α′.sub.m  (10)
CI=BC.Math.tan CBI  (11)
OI.sup.2=R.sup.2+CI.sup.2  (12)
BI.sup.2=BC.sup.2+CI.sup.2  (13)
sin OBI=OI.Math.sin BOI/BI  (14)
∠OFK=∠OBI  (15)
OK.sup.2=R.sup.2+FK.sup.2−2RFK.Math.cos OFK  (16)
sin FOK=FK.Math.sin OFK/OK  (17)
sin α.sub.m=sin FOM/sin FOK  (18)
cos PMO=tan FOM/tan α.sub.m  (19)
∠MOK=90−∠PMO  (20)
sin FKM=R.Math.sin FOM/FK  (21)
cos PMK=tan FKM/tan α.sub.m  (22)
OM=OF.Math.cos FOM  (23)
∠OMK=∠PMO+∠PMK  (24)
FM=OF.Math.sin FOM  (25)
MK.sup.2=FK.sup.2−FM.sup.2  (26)
sin OKM=OM.Math.sin OMK/OK  (27)
cos AOM=tan FOM/tan r  (28)
∠AOK.sub.m=∠AOM+∠MOK  (29)
∠MOK=180−∠OMK−∠OKM  (30)
sin MOK=MK.Math.sin OMK/OK  (31)
BC.sup.2=2R.sup.2(1−cos(90+∠AOB.sub.m)  (32)
Tan DBC=(1+sin ∠AOB.sub.m)/cos AOB.sub.m  (33)
Tan CBI=tan α′.sub.m.Math.cos(90−∠DBC+∠AOB.sub.m)  (34)
BOI=180−arcsin(sin COI/sin α′.sub.m)  (35)
∠AOK.sub.m=∠MOK−∠AOM  (36)
∠OMK=∠PMO−∠PMK  (37)
∠AOK.sub.m=∠AOM−∠MOK  (38), wherein r is either a lift or a fall angle, α′.sub.m is the true dip angle of the minelayer/stratum along the direction perpendicular to OB, R are the radius of the drill core, α.sub.m is the true dip angle of the minelayer/stratum in the oblique cylinder.

2. A geological exploration method, based on claim 1, further comprising: arranging respectively one sampling point at the midpoints of the right side and bottom side of the basic square, such that the basic square includes nine sampling points; joining the nine sampling points by triangles, then, in instances wherein crossing joint lines are formed between sampling points, choosing a shorter line in the crossing joint lines; the sampling points at midpoint of the common edges of two adjacent units also coincide, and make the length of the joint lines between 0.35 and 0.71 times the length of the basic square side.

3. A geological exploration method, based on claim 2, further comprising: zooming the length or width of matching unit to form a rectangular network, all locations of internal sampling points are adjusted based on the scale of zoom.

4. A geological exploration method, based on claim 1, wherein one sampling point is arranged at the midpoint of the right side of the basic unit, wherein the sampling points from the midpoint of right side of the basic square are respectively joined to the two adjacent sampling points of triangle vertexes inside the basic square, wherein the sampling points from the two vertexes of the basic square which are on the same straight line with the midpoint of the right side of the basic square are respectively joined to an adjacent sampling point of triangle vertexes inside the basic square, wherein the sampling points from the other two vertexes of the basic square are respectively joined to the two adjacent sampling points of triangle vertexes inside the basic square wherein, at the same time, the longest joint line among the four joint lines is removed, wherein the basic unit is formed and rotated counterclockwise 180 degrees for the basic unit to form the basic rotary unit, rotated counterclockwise 360 degrees for the basic unit to form the second rotary unit, rotated counterclockwise 540 degrees for the basic unit to form the third rotary unit; wherein the sampling points at midpoint of the common edges of two adjacent units are also coincided; and wherein the lines between the two vertexes of the basic square nearest to the midpoints of side of the basic rotary unit are held unchanged, but other lines between two adjacent vertexes of the basic square are removed.

5. A geological exploration method, based on claim 4, further comprising prior to forming and rotating the basic unit, respectively joining the sampling points from the other two vertexes, which are not on the same straight line with the midpoint of the right side of the basic square, to the two adjacent sampling points of triangle vertexes inside the basic square, without removing any joint line among the four joint lines in a following step, a second unit is formed by mirroring the basic unit symmetrically about the right side of the basic unit, a first splicing body is formed by splicing the second unit to the right side of the basic square, wherein the first splicing body is rotated counterclockwise 180 degrees to form a second splicing body; and in a following step, the matching unit is formed by splicing the second splicing body to the right side of the first splicing body.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is the schematic diagram of the basic unit 1 in example 1.

(2) FIG. 2 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 1 in example 1.

(3) FIG. 3 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 2 in example 1.

(4) FIG. 4 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 3 in example 1.

(5) FIG. 5 is the schematic diagram of matching unit in example 1.

(6) FIG. 6 is the schematic diagram of initial exploration network made by translating and replicating the matching unit of FIG. 5.

(7) FIG. 7 is the schematic diagram of square network in contrast with rotary network.

(8) FIG. 8 is the schematic diagram of the basic unit 1 in example 2.

(9) FIG. 9 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 1 in example 2.

(10) FIG. 10 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 2 in example 2.

(11) FIG. 11 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 3 in example 2.

(12) FIG. 12 is the schematic diagram of matching unit in example 2.

(13) FIG. 13 is the schematic diagram of initial exploration network made by translating and replicating the matching unit of FIG. 12.

(14) FIG. 14 is the schematic diagram of the basic unit 1 in example 3.

(15) FIG. 15 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 1 in example 3.

(16) FIG. 16 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 2 in example 3.

(17) FIG. 17 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 3 in example 3.

(18) FIG. 18 is the schematic diagram of matching unit in example 3.

(19) FIG. 19 is the schematic diagram of initial exploration networks made by translating and replicating the matching unit of FIG. 8.

(20) FIG. 20 is the schematic diagram of the basic unit 1 in example 5.

(21) FIG. 21 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 1 in example 5.

(22) FIG. 22 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 2 in example 5.

(23) FIG. 23 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 4 in example 5.

(24) FIG. 24 is the schematic diagram of matching unit in example 5.

(25) FIG. 25 is the schematic diagram of initial exploration networks made by translating and replicating the matching unit of FIG. 24.

(26) FIG. 26 is the schematic diagram of the basic unit 1 in example 4.

(27) FIG. 27 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 1 in example 4.

(28) FIG. 28 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 2 in example 4.

(29) FIG. 29 is the schematic diagram of rotary unit 3 in example 4.

(30) FIG. 30 is the schematic diagram of matching unit in example 4.

(31) FIG. 31 is the schematic diagram of initial exploration networks made by translating and replicating the matching unit of FIG. 30.

(32) FIG. 32 is the schematic diagram of position relationships between fault and minelayer/stratum on upright core, ab stands for original position of fault strike on the upright core, cd stands for original position of strike of minelayer/stratum on the upright core, a′b′ stands for virtual position of taking the fault of the upright drill core to the position of passing through the center of drill core and keeping its occurrence, c′d′ stands for virtual position of taking the minelayer/stratum of the upright drill core to the position of passing through the center of drill core and keeping its occurrence, and a′b′ and c′d′ are on the same horizontal plane.

(33) FIG. 32-a shows original position of fault and/or minelayer/stratum, which are/is not through the center of core, and the occurrence of minelayer/stratum that is contacted with the bottom/top surface of fault, are visible.

(34) FIG. 32-b shows the fault, and/or minelayer/stratum of FIG. 3-2-a are/is moved to the virtual positions c′d′.

(35) FIG. 32-c shows original position of fault and/or minelayer/stratum, which are/is not through the center of core, and the occurrence of minelayer/stratum, which are contacted with the bottom/top surface of fault, are not visible in core, but, the occurrence of minelayer/stratum/ore body near the fault in the drill core pieces, or in the adjacent drill core pieces which can be well put together with the drill core piece where this fault exists, are visible.

(36) FIG. 32-d shows the fault, and/or minelayer/stratum of FIG. 3-2-c are/is moved to the virtual positions c′d′.

(37) FIG. 33 shows the relation types between the azimuth of drill core and the roughly strikes of the marker layers, respectively in oblique and upright drill core. On the plan, OG and OZ respectively stand for the direction of v in the two types conditions, OW is ω′, OW.sub.1 is a possibility of ω′, OW.sub.2 is another possibility of ω′, OL.sub.o is the rough direction of line OK in oblique core, namely, the rough strike of the minelayer/stratum.

(38) FIG. 34 shows the relation types between faults/minelayers/stratum in upright and oblique cores, in which, (1) on the top horizontal plane of drill core, if the strike of fault/minelayer/stratum is not through the center, move the minelayer/stratum to the virtual location of passing through the center of drill core and keeping its occurrence, (2) the plane ACVU is the top horizontal plane on upright cylinder 2, O is the center of plane ACVU, OA is perpendicular to OC, OA is perpendicular to OU, OA and OV are on a straight line, (3) oblique cylinder 1 is formed by rotating upright cylinder 2; the specific method is to hold the position of line UOC unchanged, and make point A lift angle r to reach point E, and point V fall angle r to reach point X; ECXU is the top surface of oblique cylinder 1, (4) point B is on arc UAC, OA is the direction of the azimuth of core, OB is the strike of minelayer/stratum, (5) OBI is the stratum/minelayer, point I is the intersecting point of minelayer/stratum labeled as OBI and the vertically section along direction OC on the side surface of upright cylinder, 2, ∠OCI=90°, set ω′ the true strike of the minelayer/stratum, α′.sub.m the true dip angle of the minelayer/stratum along the direction perpendicular to OB, (6) point F and J are respectively the corresponding points of point B and I on the oblique cylinder 1, OFJ is the minelayer/stratum of oblique cylinder 1, (7) the intersecting line of OFJ and the top horizontal plane of upright cylinder 2 is OK, it is the strike of the minelayer/stratum labeled as OFJ in oblique cylinder 1, the dip angle of the minelayer/stratum along the direction perpendicular to OK is the true dip angle α.sub.m of the minelayer/stratum in the oblique cylinder, (8) Let α.sub.mo=α.sub.m, (9) M is the intersecting point formed by point F vertically falling to plane ACVU, (10) UGC is the intersecting line of the side surface of oblique cylinder 1 and the plane extended by UACV, G is the intersecting point of OA extended line with oblique cylinder 1 on the side surface of oblique cylinder 1, (11) H is the intersecting point of the straight line passing through point F and parallel to EG with arc UGC, (12) R is on line FH or on the line extended by FH, FR=CJ, (13) point D is the intersecting point of line CO with the straight line passing through point B and parallel to AO, on plane XUEC, FQ is parallel to DO, (14) FP⊥OK, FP is the inclination line direction of the minelayer/stratum labeled as OFJ in oblique cylinder 1, (15) point N is the intersecting point of line BC and OK, (16) D, M, B, H four points are on a straight line, (17) L is the intersecting point of line OK and arc UGHC, (18) W is the intersecting point of the line extended by OB and arc UGHC, (19) O, P, N, K, L five points are on a straight line, (20) point T is the intersecting point of line BO or extended by BO with the line perpendicular to BO or BO extended line passing through point C, (21) C, K, H three points are on a straight line.

(39) FIG. 34-a is the schematic diagram of A set of formulas group.

(40) FIG. 34-b is the schematic diagram of B set of formulas group.

(41) FIG. 34-c is the schematic diagram of C set of formulas group.

(42) FIG. 35 shows relation types between broken ore/rock intersecting line with the strikes of fault and minelayers/stratum.

(43) FIG. 36 shows the azimuth of the vertical projection line of line MF from the point meeting minelayer/stratum to the point meeting fault in drill hole on the horizontal plane.

(44) FIG. 37 shows analytic relations between fault and minelayer/stratum.

(45) FIG. 37-a shows analytic relations between fault and minelayer/stratum in the section along direction MF.

(46) FIG. 37-b shows analytic relations between fault and minelayer/stratum in the section perpendicular to the broken ore/rock intersecting line and passing through point F.

(47) FIG. 37-c shows the distance and direction from the point meeting fault in drill hole to the broken ore/rock intersecting line in the section perpendicular to r.sub.3 on plan.

(48) FIG. 38 is the schematic diagram for the virtual intersecting point of the axis of the virtual straight hole passing through point F and the virtual minelayer/stratum that did not appear in drill hole because of the cutting of fault.

(49) FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram for an example.

(50) FIG. 40 is the algorithm process diagram for determining the strike, dip direction of minelayer/stratum, and fault occurrence based on the data from loggings and non-oriented cores, the distance and direction from the point meeting fault in drill hole to the broken ore/rock intersecting lines on plan, and the elevation of intersecting point of fault and minelayer/stratum.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLES

Example 1

(51) The steps of example 1 are as follows:

(52) 1 There are various types of state regulations networks for coal exploration, such as China, if the stability of coal layer is medium, and the structural complexity is also medium, then, the spacings of neighboring exploratory lines and exploratory drill holes for proved reserves is 250˜500 meters, the spacing commonly used is 500 meters, its twice as 1000 meters.

(53) 2 Shown in FIG. 1, (1) four sampling points are respectively arranged at four vertexes of basic square, the plane coordinates for the four vertexes respectively are (0, 0), (1000, 0), (1000, 1000) and (0, 1000); (2) three sampling points are dispersed within basic square, the plane coordinates of points a, b and c respectively are a(200, 200), b (500, 800), c (800, 500); (3) join the above three sampling points a, b and c by triangle; (4) select a vertex from the four vertexes of the basic square; the sum of distances from the selected vertex point to two adjacent sampling points of triangle vertexes inside the square shall be minimum, then, join the three sampling points by triangle; (5) respectively make the joint lines from the other three vertexes of basic square to a nearest sampling points of triangles vertexes inside the square. Then, the basic unit 1 is formed.

(54) 3. Rotary unit 1 is generated by counterclockwise rotating basic unit 1 for 90 degrees from its original position, shown in FIG. 2; rotary unit 2 is generated by counterclockwise rotating basic unit 1 for 180 degrees from its original position, shown in FIG. 3; and rotary unit 3 is generated by counterclockwise rotating basic unit 1 for 270 degrees from its original position, shown in FIG. 4.

(55) 4. Referring to FIG. 5, the rotary unit 1 is joined to the base of basic unit 1, the rotary unit 3 is joined to the right side of basic unit 1, and the rotary unit 2 is joined to the right side of rotary unit 1 and the base of rotary unit 3; at the same time, make the sampling points at the vertexes of two adjacent units coincided. Then, join the sampling points of triangle vertexes, which are on both sides of common edge of adjacent two units, and make the minimum angle larger among the 6 interior angles in two adjacent triangles, the length of the joint lines 0.20˜0.85 times of basic square side length, and make the distribution of sampling points more stagger and dispersed. Later, remove the lines between two adjacent vertexes of square. In this way, a square matching unit is connected.

(56) 5. Shown in FIG. 6, using matching unit as reproducing unit, translate and replicate matching unit in exploration area; at the same time, make the sampling points at the vertexes of two adjacent matching units coincided. Then, join the sampling points, which are on both sides of common edge of two adjacent matching units, and make the minimum angle larger among the 6 interior angles in two adjacent triangles, the length of the joint lines 0.20˜0.85 times of basic square side length, the distribution of sampling points more stagger and dispersed. Finally, remove the lines between two adjacent vertexes of squares, to form initial rotary network. The network can be also suitable for horizontal exploration. Respectively choosing one unit from 4 units in the matching unit as starting unit of initial rotary network, 4 subsets programs of initial rotary network can be obtained. Then, a scheme is selected from the 4 subsets schemes according to the specific situation.

(57) 6 Drill holes are arranged at the sampling points (namely, nodes) of initial exploration network

(58) 7 Determinations of the strike and dip direction of stratum or minelayer, and fault occurrence based on the data from loggings and non-oriented cores

(59) 7.1 Determinations of the roughly strike and dip direction of minelayer/stratum

(60) Given: The 7.sup.th Drill hole is a non-oriented drill hole, there is a fault in a drill core, the bedding and surface of siltstone layer, which are contacted with the bottom surface of fault, are invisible, but, the drill core with the neighboring drill core piece, below the drill core piece where the fault exists, can be well put together; and on the neighboring drill core piece, there is a tuff layer at the distance of 0.6 meter from the bottom surface of fault. Take the cores upright, on the upright cores put together, the dip angle of tuff layer is 23 degrees, namely, α′.sub.m=23°; the dip angle of fault is 50 degrees, namely, a′.sub.f=50°; the angle between tuff layer strike and fault strike is 25 degrees, namely, θ=25°; fault strike is greater than tuff layer strike; the dip directions of tuff layer and fault are not opposed; the zenith of this drill core piece is 20 degrees, namely, r=20°; the azimuth of this drill core piece is 50 degrees, namely, v=50°.

(61) Firstly, we plot a local structure contour map for tuff layer bottom in the range which contains the drill hole meeting fault and adjacent drill holes according to these drill holes data on one side of roughly strike of this tuff layer. Then, plot another local structure contour map on another side. At last, take the dip angle 35°, roughly strike 101° and roughly dip directions 191° from the rational group of two groups of dip angles, roughly strikes and roughly dip directions of tuff layer in the two local maps as dip angle α.sub.mo, the roughly strike OL.sub.o and roughly dip directions of siltstone layer, namely, α.sub.mo=35°, OL.sub.o=101°, inclination is about 191°.

(62) 7.2 Determinations of the strike and dip direction of tuff layer, and fault occurrence Solve: the problem is solved in two steps

(63) 7.2.1 The first step is to determine the strike and dip direction of tuff layer According to the known conditions, this situation belongs to the type 33-a, but, it is unknown to choose which one of 33-a1/33-a2. Therefore, determine respectively by using A and B sets of formulas groups.

(64) The computing results from A set of formulas group are:

(65) 7.2.1.1 By using MatLay. software to solve A1 set of formulas group, obtain angle ∠AOB.sub.m between the strike of siltstone layer and the azimuth of drill core on the upright core.

(66) Given: r=20°, α′.sub.m=23°, α.sub.mo=35°, OA=OB=OF=OE=OC=OU=R, got: ∠AOB.sub.m=20°

(67) 7.2.1.2 Solve angle ∠AOK.sub.m between tuff layer strike and the azimuth of drill core, using A2 set of formulas group.

(68) Known: ∠AOB.sub.m=20°, OA=OB=OF=OE=OC=OU=R, r=20°, α′.sub.m=23°, α.sub.m=α.sub.mo=35°, got: ∠AOK.sub.m=50.18227284°

(69) 7.2.1.3 Verify the results using formula (30) and formula (31) respectively.

(70) The ∠MOK determined from A3 is equal to the ∠MOK determined from A2, then, the ∠AOB.sub.m determined from A1 and ∠AOK.sub.m determined from A2 are valid. Because the computing results from B set of formulas group did not pass verification, the computing results from A set of formulas group are adopted.

(71) The strike and dip direction of tuff layer in drill 7:

(72) Tuff layer strike=the azimuth of drill hole core+∠AOK.sub.m=50°+50.18227248°=100.18227248°

(73) Tuff layer dip direction=100.18227248°+90°=190.18227248°

(74) 7.2.2 The second step is to determine the strike, dip direction and dip angle of fault.

(75) Known: α′.sub.f=50°, r=20°, θ=25°,

(76) Since the angle between the fault and tuff layer strike is 25 degrees, the strike of fault is greater than that of tuff layer strike, then,
∠AOB.sub.f=|θ+∠AOB.sub.m|=25°+20°=45°

(77) Since the azimuth of drill hole core is 50°, tuff layer strike is 100.18227248°, and the dip directions of fault and tuff layer are not opposed, then, the case belongs to type 33-a1, the A set of formulas group is adopted for computing.

(78) Got: ∠AOK.sub.f=53.38074745°

(79) The ∠MOK determined from formulas (30) and (31) is equal to the ∠MOK determined from formula (20), then, ∠AOK.sub.f is valid.

(80) The occurrence of fault meeting in drill hole 7:

(81) Fault Strike=v+∠AOK.sub.f=50°+53.38074745°=103.38074745°

(82) Fault dip direction=103.38074745°+90°=193.38074745°

(83) Fault dip angle=65.24374125°

(84) 8 Determinations of the distance and direction from the point meeting fault in drill hole to broken ore/rock intersecting lines on the exploration works plan based on the occurrences of minelayer, stratum and fault

(85) 8.1 Determinations of the shortest distance and direction from the point meeting fault in drill hole to the broken ore/rock intersecting lines on plan

(86) Shown in FIG. 40, the 13.sup.th drilling met F5 fault and the 8.sup.th coal layer. After the study, fault F5 is a normal fault, and the 8.sup.th coal layer meeting in the 13.sup.th drill hole is in the footwall of F5. The loggings data and the occurrences of fault and 8th coal layer meeting in the 13.sup.th drill hole are respectively,

(87) Given: x.sub.f=5237325.31, y.sub.f=22596248.12, z.sub.f=−510.87, x.sub.m=5237341.25, y.sub.m=22596263.54, z.sub.m=−588.23, α=25°, β=67°, Q.sub.f=150°, Q.sub.m=250°

(88) Determine: the vertical distance and direction from the point meeting fault in drill hole to the broken ore intersecting lines.

(89) Solve: ω.sub.f1=150−90°=60°, ω.sub.m1=250−90°=160°,

(90) ω.sub.1=ω.sub.m1−ω.sub.f1=160−60°=100°, ω=180−ω.sub.1=80°

(91) since |Q.sub.m−Q.sub.f|>90, namely, the dip directions of fault and siltstone layer are opposed, β>α, then,

(92) $\begin{array}{cc}\begin{array}{c}r=\mathrm{arc}\tan \left(\sin \omega \tan \alpha /\tan \beta +\cos \omega \tan \alpha \right)\\ =\mathrm{arc}\tan \left(\sin 80°\tan 25°/\tan 67°+\cos 80°\tan 25°\right)\\ =10.6750°\end{array}& \left(39\right)\end{array}$

(93) Since ω.sub.1>90, ω.sub.m1>ω.sub.f1, then, r.sub.o=ω.sub.f2−r=60−10.6750°=49.328°
Tan v=|(y.sub.f−y.sub.m)/(x.sub.f−x.sub.m)|=|(22596248.12−22596263.54)/(5237325.31−5237341.25)|=0.9674  (41)

(94) v=44.0507°

(95) Since x.sub.m>x.sub.f, y.sub.m>y.sub.f, δ=180°+v=180°+44.0507°=224.0507°, let r.sub.3=r.sub.o
α.sub.1=arc tan(tan α|cos|Q.sub.m−δ∥)=arc tan(tan 25°|cos|250°−224.05∥)=22.7483°  (42)
α.sub.2=arc tan(tan α|cos|Q.sub.m−r.sub.o∥)=arc tan(tan 25° cos|250°−49.328°|)=23.571°  (44)
β.sub.2=arc tan(tan β|cos|Q.sub.f−r.sub.0∥)=arc tan(tan 67° cos|150°−49.328°|)=23.571°  (45)

(96) According to the known condition, we conclude that this case belongs to the type of Z.sub.f>Z.sub.m, Q.sub.f−δ<90°, r.sub.o<Q.sub.m, r.sub.o>Q.sub.f, β>α.sub.2, the parameters of the broken ore intersecting line of the footwall are:
L.sub.mf=22.1779 meters  (40)
Q.sub.mf=578.931 meters  (46)
L.sub.f=|(z.sub.f−z′.sub.m)/(tan β.sub.2+tan α.sub.2)|=78.986 meters  (47)
Since, |49.328+90−150|=10.672°<90°, then, adopt, ω.sub.3=139.328°  (48)
z.sub.mf=z.sub.f−L.sub.f tan β.sub.2=−545.331 meters  (49)

(97) In the 13.sup.th drill hole, the 8.sup.th coal layer doesn't appear in the hanging wall of F5 fault, the elevation at the virtual intersecting point of the 8.sup.th coal layer of the hanging wall of F5 fault and the virtual drill axis passing through the point meeting F5 fault is −594.735 meters according to the throw of F5 fault, namely, z′.sub.m=−594.735 meters, then, the parameters of the broken ore intersecting line of the hanging wall are:
L.sub.f=|(z.sub.f−z′.sub.m)/(tan β.sub.2+tan α.sub.2)|=96.113 meters
ω.sub.3=49.328+90°=139.328°

(98) Z.sub.mf should be calculated based on the specific situation of the 8.sup.th coal layer in the hanging wall of F5 fault.

(99) 8.2 Shown in FIG. 39, in an exploration area, the 1.sup.st˜25.sup.th drillings at the nodes of square network are the first batch of drillings, drillings a, b, c of each grid will be drilled after the first batch of drillings has been drilled. The distribution of the 8.sup.th coal layer is stable in the exploration area. The 9.sup.th and 13.sup.th drillings met fault that is determined as F5 fault by comparative studying, and its throw is large. After determining respectively the shortest distance and direction from the point meeting fault in the 9.sup.th and 13.sup.th drillings to the broken ore intersecting lines on plan, the intersecting lines of F5 fault and the 8.sup.th coal layer at the 9.sup.th and 13.sup.th drillings, can be directly drawn, on the exploration works plan. Take the intersecting lines directions as tangent directions, respectively join the intersecting lines of F5 fault and the 8.sup.th coal layer in the hanging wall/footwall of F5 fault at the 9.sup.th and 13.sup.th drillings, by using smooth curves. In order to track and control F5 fault, adjust drilling b of grid 8-9-13-14 from original (200, 500) to (331.67, 213.33) based on the positions of the intersecting lines, the position is relative to the 13.sup.th drilling; temporarily adjust drilling a of grid 8-9-13-14 from original (800, 200) to (713.33, 363.33) based on the positions of the intersecting lines, the positions are also relative to 13 drilling; then, adjust drilling a again, according to the situations that drillings b and a have be drilled. The positions of a, b, c drillings within the other grid can be adjusted by the same method. All intersecting lines of exploration network are changed with the position adjusting of drillings.

(100) 9 Construct the three-dimensional visualized simple models of geological exploration area according to the data from cores and loggings, and the occurrences of faults, minelayers, stratum and ore bodies determined from 7. In the models, compare and uniformly number faults, minelayers, stratum, or ore bodies, determine the relationships of cuttings and pinches between faults. Based on this basis, make three-dimensional high-precision geological exploration models, then, cut any sections based on the high-precision models.

(101) 10 Based on the correct relationships of cuttings and pinches between faults, and the directions of the broken ore/rock intersecting lines at intersecting points, we can better join the broken ore/rock intersecting lines by taking the directions of the broken ore/rock intersecting line as tangential directions. Then, on the side of triangles of exploration network within the same fault block, use interpolation method to obtain the elevations and strikes of interpolated points, smoothly join adjacent points of equal height by taking the strikes as tangential directions, and join adjacent outcrop points, to form the structure contour map for bottom/top surface of minelayer/stratum/ore body.

(102) 11 Produce the sections along the directions of strike, dip direction and any other directions according to the contour maps for bottom/top surface of minelayer/stratum/ore body.

(103) 12 According to a whole set of contour maps for bottom surface of minelayers/stratum and sections, we produce the three-dimensional visualized good models of geological exploration area, to complete geological exploration works.

Example 2

Specific Examples 2

(104) Shown in FIGS. 8 to 13, the difference between this example and example 1 is: in step 2, the three sampling points dispersed within the basis square are respectively, a (300, 300), b (400, 750), c(800, 400). Other steps are the same with example 1.

Example 3

(105) Shown in FIGS. 14 to 19, the difference between this example and example 1 is: in step 2, (1) arrange one sampling point at the midpoint of right side of the square, the total of sampling points are eight, shown in FIG. 14, the eight sampling points are respectively (0, 0), (1000, 0), (1000, 1000), (0, 1000), a (277, 454), b (500, 800), c (679, 200), d (1000, 500). (2) respectively join the sampling points from the midpoint of right side of the basic square to the two adjacent sampling points of triangle vertexes inside the square, (3) respectively join the sampling points from the two vertexes of basic square on the same straight line with the midpoint of right side of the basic square to a adjacent sampling point of triangle vertexes inside the square, (4) respectively join the sampling points from the other two vertexes of basic square to the two adjacent sampling points of triangle vertexes inside the square, at the same time, remove the longest joint line, among the four joint lines. In step 3, (1) counterclockwise rotate the basic unit 1 for 180 degrees to form rotary unit 1, (2) counterclockwise rotate the basic unit 1 for 360 degrees to form rotary unit 2, (3) counterclockwise rotate the basic unit 1 for 540 degrees to form rotary unit 3. In step 5, hold these lines unchanged, between the two square vertexes nearest to the midpoints of sides of basic units or rotary units. Other steps are the same with example 1.

Example 4

(106) Shown in FIGS. 26 to 31, the difference between this example and example 3 is: in step 2, (1) shown in FIG. 26, the eight sampling points are respectively (0, 0), (1000, 0), (1000, 1000), (0, 1000), a (200, 450), b (450, 800), c (550, 200), d (1000, 500), (2) respectively join the sampling points from the other two vertexes of basic square to the two adjacent sampling points of triangle vertexes inside the square, but, do not remove any joint line among the four joint lines, shown in FIG. 26. In step 3, shown in FIG. 27, unit 2 is formed by mirroring symmetrically about the right side of basic unit 1; shown in FIG. 28, splicing body A1 is formed by splicing unit 2 to the right side of basic square; shown in FIG. 29, counterclockwise rotate splicing body A1 for 180 degrees to form splicing body A2; in step 4, shown in FIG. 30, the matching unit is formed by splicing the splicing body A2 to the right side of splicing body A1. Other steps are the same with example 3.

Example 5

(107) Shown in FIGS. 20 to 25, the difference between this example and example 1 is: in step 2, (1) arrange respectively one sampling point at the midpoints of right side and bottom side of the square, the total of sampling points are nine, shown in FIG. 20; the nine sampling points respectively are (0, 0), (1000, 0), (1000, 1000), (0, 1000), a (171, 363), b (472, 832), c (672, 530), d (1000, 500), e (500, 0), (2), join the nine sampling points by triangles, and choose the shorter line in the crossing joint lines. In step 4 and 5, the sampling points at midpoints of common edges of two adjacent units are also coincided, and make the length of the joint lines 0.35˜0.71 times of basic square side length. Other steps are the same with example 1.

Example 6

(108) The difference between this example and example 1 is: in step 2, there is step A between step 5 and 6 in example 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, zooming the length or width of matching unit to form a rectangular network, all locations of internal sampling points are adjusted based on zoom scale. Other steps remain the same with the original example.