Heat exchanger

Abstract

A heat exchanger includes a housing with an inlet port, an outlet port, an interior facing surface defining a coolant channel, a first opening surrounded by an exterior facing surface, and a second opening defined by a first inner diameter. A tube assembly defines a plurality of exhaust gas flow channels and a plurality of coolant cross channels within the housing. A first diffuser directs a first fluid into the tube assembly and is joined to a first header plate, which separates the first fluid from a second fluid within the coolant channel. A second diffuser directs the first fluid out of the tube assembly. The second diffuser is located within the second opening and sealed to the second opening by seals around the second diffuser.

Claims

1. An exhaust gas heat exchanger, comprising: a housing including an inlet port, an outlet port, an interior facing surface at least partially defining a coolant channel, a first opening surrounded by an exterior facing surface, and a second opening defined by a first inner diameter; a tube assembly at least partially defining a plurality of exhaust gas flow channels and defining a plurality of coolant cross channels, the tube assembly including a plurality of tubes; a first header plate having a first header plate perimeter; a first diffuser including a cap surface, a diffuser wall, a first diffuser perimeter, and a diffuser flange extending from the diffuser wall to the first diffuser perimeter, the diffuser flange having a plurality of sections, the cap surface enclosing the coolant channel at the first opening; and a first internal opening formed within the interior facing surface of the housing and fluidly connected to the inlet port by a coolant inlet channel, wherein the tube assembly is disposed within the housing, wherein the first header plate is at least partially located inside of the housing, and the first header plate perimeter surrounds the tube assembly, wherein the first diffuser is fixedly attached to the housing at a first joint located between the cap surface and the exterior facing surface, the cap surface abutting the exterior facing surface, wherein the first header plate is welded or brazed to the cap surface at a second joint located along the first header plate perimeter, wherein the first joint and the second joint are at least partially located within a first plane transverse to a longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger, wherein the coolant channel is at least partially disposed between the first joint and the second joint and at least partially disposed along the cap surface, wherein the plurality of sections includes a first section and a second section located on opposite sides of the first diffuser, wherein the first section is partially defined by a first length from the diffuser wall to the first diffuser perimeter, wherein the second section is partially defined by a second length from the diffuser wall to the first diffuser perimeter, wherein the first length is greater than the second length, wherein the first internal opening is at least partially defined by the first section, wherein the cap surface is located on the first diffuser flange, wherein each tube of the plurality of tubes is oriented to provide a first set of coolant cross channels parallel to a first axis and a second set of at least one coolant cross channel parallel to a second axis, wherein the first set of coolant cross channels is larger than the second set of coolant cross channels, wherein the first length is parallel to the first axis, wherein the second length is parallel to the first axis, and wherein the exhaust gas heat exchanger further comprises: a plurality of baffles including a first set of baffles extending in a first direction parallel to the first axis at least partially into the first set of coolant cross channels and including a second set of baffles extending in a second direction opposite of the first direction at least partially into the first set of coolant cross channels; a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side of the interior facing surface of the housing; a second internal opening of the housing fluidly connected to the outlet port and located in one of the first side and the third side of the housing; a first set of gaps between the first set of baffles and the first side to partially define the coolant channel along the first side; and a second set of gaps between the second set of baffles and the second side to partially define the coolant channel along the second side, wherein each of the baffles of the first set of baffles and the second set of baffles extends parallel to the second axis from the second side to the fourth side to obstruct the coolant channel along the second side and the fourth side, wherein baffles of the first set of baffles alternate with baffles of the second set of baffles in a third direction parallel to the longitudinal axis, and wherein the first internal opening is located in the first side of the housing.

2. The exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 1, comprising: a first baffle of the plurality of baffles, wherein the first baffle extends from the tube assembly to the first wall, and wherein the first internal opening is disposed between the first baffle and the first section of the plurality of sections of the diffuser flange.

3. The exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 2, wherein the first baffle at least partially extends beyond the first header plate perimeter in a radial direction from the longitudinal axis.

4. The exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 1, comprising: a first gasket contacting both the cap surface and the exterior facing surface and at least partially located within the first plane, wherein the first gasket surrounds the first header plate.

5. The exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein, relative to the longitudinal axis, a first baffle of the first set of baffles is located between the inlet port and the cap surface and a last baffle of the first set of baffles is located between the outlet port and the cap surface, and wherein the first baffle and the last baffle are on opposite longitudinal ends of the tube assembly.

6. An exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 5, wherein the first baffle of the first set of baffles is located on the same transverse side of the housing as the inlet port and wherein the last baffle of the first set of baffles is located on the opposite transverse side of the housing as the outlet port such that a coolant flows in the coolant channel across the cap surface and across a second diffuser.

7. The exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 1, comprising: a second diffuser disposed at least partially within the second opening, wherein the second diffuser is fluidly sealed to the second opening by at least one o-ring arranged within the second opening and arranged around the second diffuser, and wherein the second diffuser is capable of sliding parallel to the longitudinal axis within the second opening.

8. The exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 1, comprising: a first recess of the interior facing surface of the housing, the first recess extending outwardly in a radial direction from the longitudinal axis, wherein the second diffuser is defined by a first end of the second diffuser disposed within the second opening and a second end of the second diffuser opposite of the first end of the second diffuser relative to the longitudinal axis, wherein arrangement between a second end of the second diffuser and the housing provides a larger gap between the second end of the second diffuser and the interior facing surface at the recess than between the second end of the second diffuser and the interior facing surface at a side of the housing of the outlet port.

9. The exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 8, comprising: a second recess of the interior facing surface of the housing, the second recess extending outwardly in the radial direction from the longitudinal axis, wherein the second recess is located on an opposite longitudinal end of the housing relative to the first recess, and wherein a first baffle of the first set of baffles is oriented parallel to and within a recess plane that extends transverse to the longitudinal axis and intersects the second recess.

10. A method of making an exhaust gas heat exchanger, comprising: assembling a plurality of tubes into a tube assembly having a first end and a second end; joining each of the plurality of tubes to one of a first plurality of holes within a first header at the first end; joining each of the plurality of tubes to one of a second plurality of holes within a second header at the second end; welding a perimeter of the first header to a first diffuser; joining the second header to a second diffuser; assembling a first gasket to a first housing surface of a housing, the first gasket surrounding a first opening of the housing; assembling at least one second gasket to an inner diameter of a second opening of the housing; inserting the tube assembly within the housing, disposing the second diffuser within the at least one second gasket, arranging the perimeter of the first header within the housing, arranging a first diffuser surface of the first diffuser against the first housing surface to at least partially define an interior opening of the housing, and sandwiching the first gasket between the first housing surface and the first diffuser surface; fastening the first diffuser to the housing around the perimeter of the first header; and arranging a first baffle to be spaced from the first diffuser surface and a back surface of the first header, such that the interior opening is positioned between the first baffle and the first diffuser surface, wherein the first baffle faces the first diffuser surface and the back surface of the first header, wherein the first baffle defines a coolant cross channel to direct coolant across the first diffuser surface and across the back surface of the first header, wherein the first header, the first diffuser surface, and the first gasket are at least partially arranged within a first transverse plane oriented transversely to a longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger, and wherein the first diffuser includes a long side and a short side, the long side at least partially defining the interior opening of the housing.

11. The method of making the exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 10, comprising: arranging the first diffuser surface to at least partially define a coolant channel and arranging the perimeter of the first header within the coolant channel.

12. The method of making the exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 10, comprising: inserting the perimeter of the first header at least partially within the first diffuser to engage a front surface of the first header with a shoulder of the first diffuser, the shoulder being offset from the first diffuser surface.

13. The method of making the exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 10, comprising: arranging a plurality of baffles in alternating orientations on the plurality of tubes to direct coolant within the housing in a serpentine pattern from a coolant inlet of the housing to a coolant outlet of the housing and to direct coolant across the plurality of tubes along the back surface of the first header and along the first diffuser surface, wherein the first baffle is one of the plurality of baffles.

14. The method of making the exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 10, forming a coolant channel within the housing; forming a coolant inlet to the coolant channel in the housing; forming a coolant inlet channel within an interior of the housing that extends from the coolant inlet; forming the interior opening within the interior of the housing, the interior opening being disposed between the coolant inlet channel and the coolant channel; and orienting each of the plurality of tubes in the same direction to provide coolant cross channels within the tubes, wherein the coolant cross channel is one of the coolant cross channels, wherein at least some of the coolant cross channels are aligned with the interior opening, and wherein the interior opening directs coolant into the at least some of the coolant cross channels.

15. The method of making the exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 13, arranging the first baffle within the plurality of tubes and on a same side of the housing as the coolant inlet, arranging the first baffle to extend further radially from the longitudinal axis than the first header, and wherein the first baffle obstructs coolant from flowing parallel to the longitudinal axis.

16. The method of making the exhaust gas heat exchanger of claim 13, forming a diffuser flange into the first diffuser, extending the diffuser flange radially from the longitudinal axis to form at least a portion of a coolant channel, and arranging the diffuser flange to face the first baffle, to form a side of the interior opening and to at least partially form a coolant inlet channel.

17. An exhaust gas heat exchanger, comprising: a housing capable of containing coolant, the housing having inlet port, an inlet port channel, an outlet port, an open interior extending between a first open end and a second open end, and a first planar surface surrounding the first open end; a first diffuser enclosing the first open end of the housing, the first diffuser including diffuser flange, a planar cap surface on the diffuser flange facing the housing, a first diffuser wall, a diffuser inlet, a diffuser outlet, and a diffuser shoulder extending around the diffuser outlet; a first header plate; a second diffuser enclosing the second open end of the housing; a second header plate; at least one tube capable of containing a gas; and a first baffle, wherein the at least one tube extends from the first header plate to the second header plate, wherein the first header plate contacts the diffuser shoulder and seals the at least one tube to the first diffuser, wherein the second header plate seals the at least one tube to the second diffuser, wherein the first diffuser wall extends from the diffuser inlet to the diffuser shoulder, wherein the diffuser shoulder is disposed between the cap surface and the diffuser outlet in a radial direction from a longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger, wherein the cap surface is located between the first surface of the housing and the diffuser shoulder relative to the longitudinal axis, wherein the diffuser flange includes a short side and a long side, wherein the long side at least partially defines the inlet port channel, wherein the first baffle is arranged across from the cap surface and across from a back surface of the first header plate, wherein the first baffle faces the cap surface and the back surface of the first header plate, and wherein the first baffle defines a coolant cross channel to direct coolant across the cap surface and across the back surface of the first header plate.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a front view of a heat exchanger of an embodiment of the invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(3) FIG. 3 is a side view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(4) FIG. 4 is an exploded front perspective view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(5) FIG. 5 is an exploded rear perspective view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(6) FIG. 6 is an exploded front view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(7) FIG. 7 is an exploded bottom view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(8) FIG. 8 is a partial front view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(9) FIG. 9 is a partial side view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(10) FIG. 10 is a front view of a sub-assembly of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(11) FIG. 11 is a rear perspective view of the sub-assembly of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(12) FIG. 12 is a sectional front view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(13) FIG. 13 is a sectional front perspective view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(14) FIG. 14 is a sectional bottom view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(15) FIG. 15 is a bottom view of the sub-assembly of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(16) Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Unless specified or limited otherwise, the terms “mounted,” “connected,” “supported,” and “coupled” and variations thereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirect mountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Further, “connected” and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings.

(17) A heat exchanger 1 embodying the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1-15. The preferred embodiment is an exhaust gas heat exchanger that cools exhaust gas with a coolant. The coolant flows through a housing 2 and around a flow of exhaust gas.

(18) FIGS. 1-3 depict a preferred embodiment of the current invention, showing the heat exchanger 1 with the housing 2 fixedly attached directly to a first diffuser 4 at a first end 6 of the housing 2. FIGS. 1 and 2 further show that the housing 2 extends from the first end 6 to a second end 8 along a longitudinal axis 10. In the preferred embodiment, the housing 2 includes an inlet port 11 near the first end 6 and an outlet port 13 near the second end 8 for a coolant in a coolant channel 9 (best shown in FIGS. 12-13) to flow from the first end 6 to the second end 8. In other embodiments, the arrangement of the inlet port 11 and the outlet port 13 is reversed with respect to the housing 2. FIG. 2 further shows that the housing 2 is joined to the first diffuser 4 at a first joint 16 along a first transverse plane 18 (shown in FIG. 2) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 10. The first diffuser 4 of the preferred embodiment has a flange 20 that extends outwardly from a first diffuser wall 22, as shown in FIG. 3. The flange 20 includes a long side 24 and a short side 26, as also shown in FIG. 3. In the preferred embodiment, the first diffuser 4 is fastened to the housing 2 with a plurality of bolt-type fasteners 27 extending through the flange 20.

(19) FIG. 3 also indicates transverse sections through the heat exchanger and displayed in FIGS. 12-14. Line 12 indicates the vertical section of FIG. 12, and line 14 indicates the horizontal section of FIG. 14.

(20) FIGS. 4 and 5 are exploded front and rears views, respectively, of the preferred embodiment and depict a tube assembly 30 that is insertable within the housing 2. The tube assembly 30 has the first diffuser 4 mounted to one end of the tube assembly 30 and a second diffuser 28 mounted to the other end of the tube assembly 30. FIGS. 4-5 further show the construction of the first joint 16 where mating surfaces of a first surface 32 of the housing 2 and a cap surface 34 of the flange 20 of the first diffuser 4 each have a planar geometry that engage each other. According to FIGS. 4 and 5, the preferred embodiment also includes a gasket 36 arranged between the first surface 32 and the cap surface 34. In the preferred embodiment, the gasket 36 is retained within a gasket channel 37 in the first surface 32. In other embodiments, the gasket channel 37 is only in the cap surface 34 or both in the first surface 32 and the cap surface 34. The first surface 32 surrounds a first opening 38 of the first end 6 of the housing 2. The second end 8 of the housing includes a second opening 40. At least one o-ring type seal 42 is arranged within the second opening 40. Further, port seals 44 are shown at the inlet port 11 and the outlet port 13. As discussed above, the first diffuser 4 in the preferred embodiment is fixedly attached to the housing 2. The second diffuser 28 of the preferred embodiment, however, is slidably received within at least one o-ring 42 of the second opening 40.

(21) In the preferred embodiment, the first diffuser 4 and the second diffuser 28 are joined and fluidly sealed to the tube assembly 30 by a first header plate 46 and a second header plate 48, respectively. The header plates 46, 48 are located at each end of the tube assembly 30 and fluidly sealed to tubes 50 of the tube assembly, each tube 50 of the tube assembly 30 being sealed to a hole (not numbered) in both of the header plates 46, 48 near the ends of the tubes 50. In the preferred embodiment, the header plates 46, 48 each have a planar geometry, with flat, front and back surfaces. In preferred embodiment, each of the tubes 50 has an elongated cross-sectional geometry being longer along a major axis and shorter along a minor axis. Also, the tubes 50 are oriented in the same direction and aligned in rows. It is conceivable that the tubes have different shapes and orientations in other embodiments, for example, having circular cross-sections or being offset from each other. The first header 46 further has a perimeter 52, and between the holes and the perimeter 52 of the header plates is a solid rim 54 framing the holes. In this embodiment, the rim 54 has a rim width 56 from the holes to the perimeter 52, which is the same or less in distance than a tube width (not numbered) along the minor axis of one of the tubes. The headers plates 46, 48 are joined and fluidly sealed to the diffusers 4, 28 by a metallurgical connection, like brazing or welding, each header plate 46, 48 being joined to one of the diffusers 4, 28 at an end of the diffuser facing the tube assembly 30 or facing the other diffuser.

(22) As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the heat exchanger 1 of the preferred embodiment flat machined surfaces 32, 34 on both the housing 2 and the first diffuser 4 that will abut tightly as the first diffuser 4 is fastened to the housing 2 by the fasteners 27, such as bolts. Further, in the preferred embodiment, both the housing 2 and the first diffuser 4 are formed by a casting process, and the flat surfaces 32, 34 are machined into the casting of the housing 2 and the first diffuser 4 to achieve geometrically similar mating surfaces for tightly abutting these surfaces of these components. The flat surface 32 of the housing 2 surrounds a first opening 38 of the housing 2 at the first end 6. The flat surface 34 of the first diffuser 4 is located on a flange 20 of the first diffuser 4, where the flange 20 extends outward radially from the first diffuser wall 22 to a perimeter 58 of the first diffuser 4. In this embodiment, both the flat surface 32 of the housing 2 and the flange 20 of the first diffuser 4 have holes (not numbered) to accept fasteners 27 for attaching the first diffuser 4 to the housing 2. Further, the first end 6 of the housing 2 includes the gasket channel 37 to retain the compressible gasket 36, in this embodiment. In another embodiment, the first diffuser 4 or both the housing 2 and the first diffuser 4 may have a channel to receive such a gasket. The gasket 37 helps to ensure that the joint 16 between the flat surface 32 of the housing 2 and the flat surface 34 of the first diffuser 4 fluidly seals the coolant within the housing 2.

(23) The joint 16 between the flat surface 32 of the housing 2 and the flat surface 34 of the first diffuser 4 aligns at least partially with the first header plate 46 and with the gasket 37 in the first transverse plane 18, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 10. As discussed above, the gasket 37 is sandwiched between the flat surface 32 of the housing 2 and the flat surface 34 of the first diffuser 4. The flat surface 34 of the first diffuser 4 includes a cap surface portion 60 that covers at least a portion of the coolant channel 9, extending over the first opening 38 of the housing 2 to at least partially cover or cap the first opening. In this embodiment, the cap surface portion 60 extends along the first transverse plane 18. In other embodiments, the cap surface portion 60 may be in a plane different from the first transverse plane 18. The first diffuser 4 further includes a shoulder 62 at an outlet end (not numbered) of the diffuser wall 22. The shoulder 62 is offset from the cap surface portion 60 of the first diffuser 4. The rim 54 of the first header plate 46 is seated on the shoulder 62 and at least partially received into the first diffuser 4, and the first header plate 46 is welded or brazed to the first diffuser 4 at the perimeter 52 or the rim 54 of the first header plate 46. This arrangement provides a first coolant cross-channel 64 along the first transverse plane 18 such that coolant is exposed to the cap surface portion 60 of the first diffuser 4 and a back surface of the first header plate 46. Further, as the header plate 46 fits within the first diffuser 4 at the shoulder 62, the perimeter 52 of the header plate therefore fits within the opening 38 of the housing 2 surrounded by the flat surface 32 and avoids extending to the flat surface 32.

(24) In this embodiment, the housing 2 has one type of opening at one end and another type of opening at the other, opposite end for, among other reasons, helping to mitigate the effects of thermal expansion and contraction on the components of the heat exchange. That is, the tube assembly is free to slide at the second end 8 of the housing 2, and is therefore able to expand and contract within the housing 2. As discussed above, the first opening 38 at the first end 6 is sealed by the first diffuser 4, which caps the first opening 38 and is fixedly attached to the first end 6 by fasteners 27. A second opening 40 at the second end 8, however, is defined by an inner diameter 68. At least one o-ring seal 42 is located within the inner diameter 68 at the second end 8. The at least one o-ring seal 42 is disposed around the second diffuser 28 to fluidly to provide freedom of movement of the tube assembly 30 as discussed above.

(25) A flow of coolant within the heat exchanger 1 of this embodiment is directed by an interior surface 70 of the housing, by the construction of the tube assembly 30, and by the arrangement of the first 4 and second diffusers 28. The housing 2 defines the coolant channel 9 that at least partially extends in a longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 10 from the first end 6 to the second end 8 of the housing 2. Coolant enters the housing 2 at the inlet port 11 and exits the housing 2 at the outlet port 13. In this embodiment, the inlet port 11 is arranged near the first end 6 and the outlet port 13 is arranged near the second end 8. The tubes 50 of the tube assembly 30 are each oriented in the same direction with the major axis of each tube 50 aligned parallel to a second axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 10 and with each tube 50 aligned in rows to provide a plurality of coolant cross-flow channels through the tube assembly 30, which are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 10. A first coolant cross-flow channel 64 of the coolant cross-flow channels, as discussed above, extends along the first header 46 and the cap surface portion 60 of the first diffuser 4, as shown in FIG. 13. The cross-flow channels are delimited by baffles 72 extending parallel to the second axis into the tube assembly 30 beyond at least one row and into the next row according to this embodiment. The baffles 72 direct a flow of coolant 74 into a generally serpentine pattern through the housing as shown in FIG. 12. To achieve this pattern, a first set of baffles 72a extends in a first baffle direction parallel to the second axis into the tube assembly, and a second set of baffles 72b extends in second baffle direction, opposite of the first baffle direction into the tube assembly 30. Both the first set 72a and the second set 72b extend parallel to a third axis perpendicular to both the longitudinal axis 10 and the second axis from a first interior side of the housing to an opposite second interior side of the housing to at least partially obstruct the flow of coolant 74 in the longitudinal direction. The baffles 72a of the first set are arranged to alternate in the longitudinal direction with baffles 72b of the second set to force the flow of coolant 74 to switch back and forth in a pattern alternating between a first baffle direction and a second baffle direction as the coolant generally travels in the longitudinal direction, as shown in FIG. 12.

(26) The flow of coolant 74 is further forced to cross over or to cross adjacent to the diffusers 4, 28 due to the baffle arrangement of this embodiment. A first baffle 80 and a last baffle 82 each extend into the tube assembly 30 from a side of the tube assembly 30 that is opposite of the side of the housing inlet port 11 and the housing outlet 13, respectively. The first baffle 80 further differs in geometry from the baffles 72, as it extends between the interior surface 70 of the housing and the tube assembly 30 to obstruct the flow of coolant 74 in the longitudinal direction. A first baffle slot 92 in the interior surface 70 of the housing 2 accommodates the extra length of the first baffle 80. In this way, the first baffle 80 extends radially in the second baffle direction farther than the first header 46 does. Thus, the flow of coolant 74 must cross along the cap surface portion 60 of first diffuser 4 before it can travel further in the longitudinal direction, and the flow of coolant 74 must cross over the second diffuser 28 before it can exit the housing 2 through the housing outlet port 13. Further, the housing outlet port 13 is located adjacent to the second opening 40 to maximize the coolant channel and the flow of coolant 74 within the housing 2, and the housing inlet port 11 is located offset from the first opening 38 for the same reason—to maximize coolant flow. The offset location of the housing inlet port 11 provides for additional exposure of the first diffuser 4 to the coolant, as the coolant flows from the housing inlet port 11 through coolant inlet channel 84 that is a least partially defined by the cap surface portion 60 of the first diffuser 4. Also, the interior surface 70 of the housing 2 includes an interior opening 86 that is also defined at least partially by the cap surface portion 60. The interior opening 86 is located between the cap surface portion 60 and the first baffle 80 such that the coolant enters the coolant channel via the interior opening 86. To achieve this coolant flow pattern, the first header 46 is located within the first opening 38 skewing toward one side of the opening 38 in the first baffle direction, the perimeter 52 of the first header 46 being smaller in size than the first opening 38, as discussed above.

(27) Further to enhance to flow of coolant 74, the interior surface 70 of the housing 2 includes a first recess 88 at the first end 6 of the housing 2 and a second recess 90 at a second end 8 of the housing 2. The first recess 88 is located opposite of the housing inlet port 11, and the second recess 90 is located opposite of the housing outlet port 13. The first recess 88 is at least partially located within a plane defined by the first baffle 80. The second recess 90 is at least partially located within a plane defined by the second header plate 48.

(28) Various alternatives to the certain features and elements of the present invention are described with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention. With the exception of features, elements, and manners of operation that are mutually exclusive of or are inconsistent with each embodiment described above, it should be noted that the alternative features, elements, and manners of operation described with reference to one particular embodiment are applicable to the other embodiments.

(29) The embodiments described above and illustrated in the figures are presented by way of example only and are not intended as a limitation upon the concepts and principles of the present invention. As such, it will be appreciated by one having ordinary skill in the art that various changes in the elements and their configuration and arrangement are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.