High performance foam dart having ridges

Abstract

A toy dart having an elongate dart body of a foam material in a substantially cylindrical shape extending from a head end to a tail end in a first, longitudinal direction, an outer surface of the substantially cylindrical shape having a first ridge proximate the head end; a second ridge proximate the tail end; and one or more recessed areas disposed between the first ridge and the second ridge, where the elongate dart body has a first outer diameter at the first ridge and the second ridge that is larger than a second outer diameter at the one or more recessed areas; and a deformable dart cap affixed to the head end of the elongate dart body.

Claims

1. A toy dart, comprising: an elongate dart body comprising a foam material in a substantially cylindrical shape extending from a head end to a tail end in a first, longitudinal direction, an outer surface of the substantially cylindrical shape comprising: (1) a first ridge; (2) a second ridge; and (3) one or more recessed areas disposed between the first ridge and the second ridge, wherein the elongate dart body has a first outer diameter at the first ridge and the second ridge that is larger than a second outer diameter at the one or more recessed areas, and a deformable dart cap affixed to the head end of the elongate dart body, the deformable dart cap having a top, a bottom that is affixed into the elongate dart body, and an outer surface extending from the top to the bottom of the deformable dart cap in the first, longitudinal direction.

2. The toy dart of claim 1, wherein the first outer diameter is approximately 12.9 mm.

3. The toy dart of claim 1, wherein the second outer diameter is approximately 12.5 mm to 12.8 mm.

4. The toy dart of claim 3, wherein the second outer diameter is approximately 12.7 mm.

5. The toy dart of claim 1, wherein the first and second ridges form respective first and second rings around the outer surface of the substantially cylindrical shape in relation to the one or more recessed areas.

6. The toy dart of claim 1, wherein the first ridge and the second ridge each extend approximately between 3.5 mm and 6 mm in the first, longitudinal direction.

7. The toy dart of claim 6, wherein at least one of the one or more recessed areas extends approximately between 16 mm and 18.5 mm in the first, longitudinal direction.

8. The toy dart of claim 7, wherein the substantially cylindrical shape of the elongate dart body is approximately between 30 mm and 65 mm in length in the first, longitudinal direction.

9. The toy dart of claim 1, wherein a front edge the first ridge is 3.5 mm or less from the head end.

10. The toy dart of claim 9, wherein the front edge of the first ridge is aligned with the head end.

11. The toy dart of claim 1, wherein a rear edge of the second ridge is 3.5 mm or less from the tail end.

12. The toy dart of claim 11, wherein the rear edge of the second ridge is aligned with the tail end.

13. The toy dart of claim 1, wherein the one or more recessed areas extend in the first, longitudinal direction to form approximately 55-80% of a length of the elongate dart body.

14. The toy dart of claim 13, wherein the one or more recessed areas comprises a plurality of the recessed areas that extend in the first, longitudinal direction to collectively form approximately 75-80% of the length of the elongate dart body.

15. The toy dart of claim 14, further comprising one or more additional ridges a predetermined distance from one or more of the first ridge and the second ridge across respective one or more of the plurality of the recessed areas in the first, longitudinal direction, wherein the first ridge, the second ridge, and the one or more additional ridges extend in the first, longitudinal direction to collectively form approximately 20-25% of the length of the elongate dart body.

16. The toy dart of claim 13, wherein the one or more recessed areas extend in the first, longitudinal direction to form approximately 55-70% of the length of the elongate dart body.

17. The toy dart of claim 16, wherein the first ridge and the second ridge extend in the first, longitudinal direction to collectively form approximately 30-45% of the length of the elongate dart body.

18. The toy dart of claim 1, wherein the deformable dart cap comprises two cavities on opposing sides of the outer surface of the deformable dart cap.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with references to the accompanying figures, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a toy dart having a plurality of ridges in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates a toy dart having a plurality of ridges in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

(4) FIGS. 3A and 3B are exploded views of the toy dart, including a dart body and a dart cap, shown from respective first and second perspectives in the orientation of FIG. 1 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

(5) FIG. 4A shows the toy dart in accordance with an embodiment of the invention on an incoming path toward a targeted person.

(6) FIG. 4B shows the toy dart of FIG. 4A on initial impact on the person; and

(7) FIG. 4C shows an example of how the cap of the toy dart of FIG. 4A may deform upon impact.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(8) The present invention is generally related to an improved toy dart, such as a foam dart that may be used in a compatible toy dart launcher having a metal barrel. The toy dart has an elongate dart body and a cap that is affixed to the dart body, where the elongate dart body has a configuration that enables the dart to travel through the metal barrel of a launcher at high velocities, while causing reduced heat from friction and attendant melting.

(9) In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a toy dart has an elongate dart body, which may comprise foam, having an interior bore extending from a head end to a tail end of the elongate dart body in a first, longitudinal direction, and a deformable dart cap affixed to the head end of the elongate dart body. The deformable dart cap has a top, a bottom that is affixed into the interior bore at the head end of the elongate dart body. The elongate dart body of the toy dart is substantially cylindrical and comprises one or more recessed areas that form a plurality of ridges on the outer surface of the elongate dart body. In embodiments, the plurality of ridges are substantially parallel with one another and protrude in a second direction that is substantially orthogonal to the first, longitudinal direction. In embodiments, the plurality of ridges extend around the elongate dart body to form respective rings.

(10) In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a toy dart has an elongate dart body comprising foam and having respective ridges at a head end and a tail end of the elongate dart body in a first, longitudinal direction. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the elongate dart body comprises a recessed area between the respective ridges at the head end and a tail end of the elongate dart body. In embodiments, the elongate dart body further comprises one or more additional ridges between the respective ridges at the head end and the tail end of the elongate dart body.

(11) In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a toy dart has an elongate dart body comprising foam that is substantially cylindrical with a length of approximately 30.5 mm in a first, longitudinal direction and has respective ridges at a head end and a tail end of the elongate dart body in a first, longitudinal direction, each of the respective ridges extending approximately 6 mm in the first, longitudinal direction.

(12) According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a recessed area between the respective ridges at the head end and the tail end extends approximately 12.5 mm in the first, longitudinal direction.

(13) According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the respective ridges at the head end and the tail end of the elongate dart body protrudes by approximately 1 mm from the recessed area in a second direction.

(14) According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the second direction is substantially orthogonal to the first, longitudinal direction.

(15) Referring to FIG. 1, a dart 10 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention has an elongate profile configured for aerodynamic flight toward a target, such as toward a person or other object. Dart 10 includes an elongate dart body 20 (e.g., foam portion) that extends from a first end (a head end) 82 to a second end (a tail end) 84 of the elongate dart body 20 in a first, longitudinal direction x. Dart 10 further includes a dart cap 30 that is affixed to the head end 82 of the dart body 20. As illustrated in FIG. 1, dart 10 has a total length of approximately 71.5 mm with a length of elongate dart body 20 being approximately 63.5 mm. In other words, dart cap 30 extends approximately 8 mm in the x direction from head end 82 of elongate dart body 20. In embodiments, dart 10 may have a length of about, e.g., within a range of 55 mm and 75 mm, such as 59 mm, 65 mm, 67 mm, 70 mm, 73 mm, or 74 mm, to name a few. As shown in FIG. 1, dart 10 has an outer cross-sectional diameter at its widest point of 12.9 mm, which may be suitable for use with a dart launcher having a metal barrel with an inner diameter of approximately 13 mm, giving an approximately 0.1 mm clearance from dart 10 at its widest point—e.g., at ridges described in further detail below. In embodiments, dart 10 may have an outer cross-sectional diameter at its widest point of, for example, 12.5 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, or 15 mm, to name a few. In embodiments, dart 10 may be dimensioned so that its outer cross-sectional diameter at its widest point is approximately 0.1-0.2 mm less than an inner diameter of a barrel of a launcher to provide a sufficiently narrow clearance for high velocity and accurate launching. In embodiments, dart 10 may have other lengths, widths, and/or diameters, another example of which is described in further detail below.

(16) Elongate dart body 20 includes a lightweight material, such as a foam, that is suitable for use in a toy projectile. As shown in FIG. 1, dart body 20 is illustrated as having, for example, an outer surface that is substantially cylindrical in shape and, again, elongate dart body 20 may have an outer cross-sectional diameter that is, at its widest point, approximately 12.9 mm. As illustrated in FIG. 1, elongate dart body 20 comprises respective ridges 24a and 24b at head end 82 and tail end 84 that extend approximately 3.5 mm in the x direction on the outer surface. Additional ridges 24c and 24d are disposed at regular intervals between ridges 24a and 24b and they each also extend approximately 3.5 mm in the x direction. Thus, elongate dart body 20 has an outer cross-sectional diameter of approximately 12.9 mm at ridges 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d.

(17) As shown in FIG. 1, recessed areas 26a, 26b, and 26c are disposed between ridges 24a, 24c, 24d, 24b, respectively, and each extends approximately 16.5 mm in the x direction. Accordingly, ridges 24a and 24c are spaced approximately 16.5 mm from one another in the x direction, ridges 24c and 24d are, likewise, spaced approximately 16.5 mm from one another in the x direction, and ridges 24d and 24b are spaced approximately 16.5 mm from one another in the x direction. Thus, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, recessed areas 26a, 26b, and 26c collectively form approximately 75-80%, or approximately 78%, of the length of elongate dart body 20. Correspondingly, ridges 24a, 24c, 24d, and 24b collectively form approximately 20-25%, or approximately 22%, of the length of elongate dart body 20. As illustrated in FIG. 1, ridges 24a and 24b are disposed at head end 82 and tail end 84 of the elongate dart body 20, respectively, where a front edge of ridge 24a is aligned with head end 82 and a rear edge of ridge 24b is aligned with tail end 84. In embodiments, ridges 24a and 24b may be disposed a predetermined distance from head end 82 and tail end 84, respectively—for example, approximately 3.5 mm or less from the respective ends of elongate dart body 20. In other words, ridges 24a and 24b are disposed near head end 82 and tail end 84, respectively, for maintaining stability of dart 10 while it travels through a barrel (not shown) during launch but may not necessarily need to be completely aligned with head end 82 and tail end 84, respectively—i.e., a front edge of ridge 24a may be 3.5 mm or less from head end 82 and a rear edge of ridge 24b may be 3.5 mm or less from tail end 84. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, dart 10 is launched from a toy launcher (not shown) having a metal barrel with an internal diameter of approximately 13 mm. Advantageously, dart 10 launched from such a toy launcher can achieve accurate flight averaging about 140 ft. (feet) in comparison to an average of 80 ft. with conventional shooters and darts. Additionally, with the reduced friction provided for by recessed areas 26a-c, the need for cleaning the metal barrel of the launcher is reduced.

(18) Ridges 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d protrude outwardly in a radial direction on the outer surface of elongate dart body 20 from recessed areas 26a, 26b, and 26c by approximately 0.3 mm (or, in other words, elongate dart body 20 is depressed inwardly at recessed areas 26a, 26b, and 26c by 0.3 mm from ridges 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d). As described above, elongate dart body 20 has an outer cross-sectional diameter of approximately 12.9 mm at its widest point, or at ridges 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Correspondingly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, elongate dart body 20 has an outer cross-sectional diameter of approximately 12.3 mm at recessed areas 26a, 26b, and 25c. In embodiments, ridges 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d may protrude outwardly in a radial direction on the outer surface of elongate dart body 20 from recessed areas 26a, 26b, and 26c by 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm (or, in other words, elongate dart body 20 may be depressed inwardly at recessed areas 26a, 26b, and 26c by 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm from ridges 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d). Accordingly, elongate dart body 20 may have an outer cross-sectional diameter of approximately 11.9 mm to 12.8 mm at recessed areas 26a, 26b, and 26c.

(19) FIG. 2 illustrates a dart 10b in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Similar to dart 10 shown in FIG. 1, dart 10b has an elongate profile configured for aerodynamic flight toward a target, such as toward a person or other object. Dart 10b includes an elongate dart body 20b (e.g., foam portion) that extends from a first end (a head end) 82b to a second end (a tail end) 84b of the elongate dart body 20b in a first, longitudinal direction x. Dart 10b further includes a dart cap 30b that is affixed to the head end 82b of the dart body 20b.

(20) Dart 10b differs from dart 10 in that it is substantially shorter in length for use in, say, a handgun launcher, as an example. As illustrated in FIG. 2, dart 10b has a total length of approximately 38 mm with a length of elongate dart body 20b being approximately 30.5 mm. In other words, dart cap 30b extends approximately 7.5 mm in the x direction from head end 82b of elongate dart body 20b. In embodiments, dart 10b may have a length of about, e.g., within a range of approximately 33 mm to 45 mm, such as 35 mm, 36 mm, 37 mm, or 40 mm, to name a few. Similar to dart 10, dart 10b has an outer cross-sectional diameter at its widest point of 12.9 mm. In embodiments, dart 10b may have an outer cross-sectional diameter at its widest point of, for example, 12.5 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, or 15 mm, to name a few.

(21) Elongate dart body 20b includes a lightweight material, such as a foam, that is suitable for use in a toy projectile and has an interior bore 25. As shown in FIG. 2, dart body 20b is illustrated as having, for example, an outer surface that is substantially cylindrical in shape. As described further below, dart body 20b also includes an interior bore (or interior core) that is also cylindrical in shape with, for example, a circular cross-section. As illustrated in FIG. 2, elongate dart body 20b comprises respective ridges 44a and 44b at head end 82b and tail end 84b that extend approximately 6 mm in the x direction on the outer surface. Recessed area 46 extending approximately 18.5 mm in the x direction is disposed between ridges 44a and 44b. Accordingly, ridges 44a and 44b are spaced approximately 18.5 mm from one another in the x direction. Thus, recessed area 46 forms approximately 55-70%, or approximately 61%, of the length of elongate dart body 20b. Correspondingly, ridges 44a and 44b collectively form approximately 30-45%, or approximately 39%, of the length of elongate dart body 20b. Given the shorter length of dart body 20b in comparison to dart body 20 shown in FIG. 1, it is advantageous to incorporate fewer ridges that, in turn, form a large proportion of the dart body for maintaining launch stability—or improving launch speeds and accuracy. In embodiments, additional one or more ridges may be disposed between ridges 44a and 44b, with dimensions of ridges and recessed area(s) conforming to the above proportions.

(22) As illustrated in FIG. 2, ridges 44a and 44b are disposed at head end 82b and tail end 84b of the elongate dart body 20b, respectively. In embodiments, ridges 44a and 44b may be disposed a predetermined distance from head end 82b and tail end 84b, respectively—for example, approximately 1.5 mm or less from the respective ends of elongate dart body 20b. In other words, ridges 44a and 44b are disposed near head end 82b and tail end 84b, respectively, for maintaining stability of dart 10b while it travels through a barrel (not shown) during launch but may not necessarily need to be completely aligned with head end 82b and tail end 84b, respectively.

(23) Ridges 44a and 44b protrude outwardly in a radial direction on the outer surface of elongate dart body 20b from recessed area 46 by approximately 0.1 mm (or, in other words, elongate dart body 20b is depressed inwardly at recessed area 46 by 0.1 mm from ridges 44a and 44b). Again, elongate dart body 20b may have an outer cross-sectional diameter that is, at its widest point, approximately 12.9 mm. Thus, elongate dart body 20b has an outer cross-sectional diameter of approximately 12.9 mm at ridges 44a and 44b. In other words, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, elongate dart body 20b has an outer cross-sectional diameter of approximately 12.7 mm at recessed area 46. In embodiments, ridges 44a and 44b may protrude outwardly in a radial direction on the outer surface of elongate dart body 20b from recessed area 46 by 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm (or, in other words, elongate dart body 20b may be depressed inwardly at recessed area 46 by 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm from ridges 44 and 44b). Accordingly, elongate dart body 20b may have an outer cross-sectional diameter of approximately 12.5 mm to 12.8 mm at recessed area 46.

(24) According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, elongate dart body 20/20b is formed from a foam material into its substantially cylindrical shape—for example, by extruding a hollow rope of foam material (incorporating interior bore 25) and cutting the foam material to predetermined lengths of the elongate dart body (20/20b). Thereafter, a metallic (e.g., stainless steel) rod (not shown) is inserted into the hollow bores of the cut pieces and placed into rows of cavities that form lower halves of heated two-piece molds (or a heat press) (not shown) for molding (or pressing) the final shape with the above-described ridges (24a-d/44a-b) and recessed areas (26a, 26b, and 26c/46). In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, upper halves of the molds and the lower halves are closed into one another and heated to approximately 80-85° C. (Centigrade)(or 176-185° F.). The upper half and lower half molds are cooled to room temperature before opening for removing the formed elongate dart bodies (20/20b). According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the process from molding to dart body removal lasts approximately 8 minutes. While recessed areas 26a, 26b, and 26c/46 described above each form a complete ring around elongate dart body 20/20b, such areas may not necessarily form such complete rings. For example, such areas may be formed partially around elongate dart body 20/20b to form sections of ridges 24a-d/44a-b that may or may not completely surround elongate dart body 20/20b. In addition, raised dots, or other patterns, may be formed in place of ridges 24a-d/44a-b.

(25) The exploded views of FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate features related to the assembly of dart cap 30 to elongate dart body 20. It should be noted that dart cap 30b shown in FIG. 2 may have a substantially similar configuration to that of dart cap 30 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B and described below. As described above, dart cap 30b may differ from dart cap 30 merely by having a slightly different length in the first, longitudinal direction x (8 mm for dart cap 30 vs. 7.5 mm for dart cap 30b) from head end 82 and 82b, respectively—with a corresponding difference in pitch of a taper of an outer cylindrical surface of dart cap 30/30b, as described in further detail below.

(26) As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, elongate body 20 (or, hereinafter, 20b) has an interior bore 25 (or interior core) that is also cylindrical in shape with a circular cross-section. In embodiments, interior bore 25 may have a diameter that at its widest point is, for example, 5 mm, 5.5 mm, or 6 mm, to name a few. However, in embodiments, interior bore 25 may have a different diameter. Alternatively, elongate dart body 20 and/or interior bore 25 may have a different cross-sectional shape, such as an oval, pyramidal, diamond, heptagonal, or octagonal shape. Interior bore 25 may extend entirely or at least partially through dart body 20. In embodiments, interior bore 25 of dart body 20 may be lined with materials that provide dart body 20 with certain mechanical properties, e.g., rigidity or resiliency. In exemplary embodiments, the dart body 20 may be formed of one or more pieces. In operation, a compatible toy dart launcher (not shown) may launch dart 10 by forcing air or some other material 86, such as another gas or liquid, through the bottom of interior bore 25 at the tail end of elongate dart body 20, as shown in FIG. 3A. The forced air or other material impinges upon the bottom 36 of stem 35 and causes the launch of the dart 10 toward a target, as illustrated in FIG. 3B.

(27) Dart cap 30 is affixed to head end 82 of dart body 20. As shown in FIGS. 1, 3A, and 3B, dart cap 30 is substantially cylindrical with a slightly tapered outer surface such that a diameter is approximately 10.5 mm at a base end adjacent head end 82 of dart body 20 and approximately 10 mm at a tip end 32 of dart cap 30. In other words, a difference in diameter is approximately 0.5 mm between the base end (adjacent head end 82 of dart body 20) and tip end 32 of the dart cap 30. In embodiments, the taper of the outer cylindrical surface of dart cap 30 may be more or less acute with a difference in diameter between the base end and tip end 32 of between approximately 0.1 mm and 1 mm. As noted above, dart cap 30b may have the same approximate diameters, 10 mm at tip end 32 and 10.5 at the base end adjacent head end 82b of dart body 20b, with a different length than dart cap 30 in the x direction (8 mm vs. 7.5 mm), thus resulting in a different taper pitch on its outer surface.

(28) As shown in FIGS. 1, 3A, and 3B, dart cap 30 includes at least one cavity 34 on the substantially cylindrical (slightly tapered) outer surface thereof. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, cavity 34 has a height of approximately 2 mm in the x direction and a width, in a direction that is orthogonal to the x direction, of approximately 5 mm at its widest point. A bottom edge of cavity 34 in the x direction is spaced approximately 2 mm from the base end of dart cap 30 (or head end 82 of dart body 20) and a top edge of cavity 34 in the x direction is spaced approximately 3 mm to 4 mm from tip end 32 of dart cap 30. Cavity 34 is rounded at its width ends and has a depth, extending inward from the substantially cylindrical (slightly tapered) outer surface, of approximately 2 mm to 3 mm. Accordingly, cavity 34 forms a substantially prism-shaped void having a depth of approximately 2 mm to 3 mm in dart cap 30. In embodiments, cavity 34 may have various shapes and depths. According to an exemplary embodiment, another cavity (not shown) that is the same as cavity 34 shown in FIG. 1 is disposed on an opposite side of dart cap 30, the center of which is spaced from the center of cavity 34 by approximately 180 degrees. In embodiments, dart cap 30 may have more or fewer than two (2) cavities with same or different shapes, sizes, and depths—in general, with more cavities forming voids near the base end of dart cap 30 than tip end 32 so that tip end 32 substantially maintains its shape during launch while the base end provides deformation that softens the impact of dart cap 30 on a target.

(29) In exemplary embodiments, dart cap 30 may be integrally formed, such as by injection molding. In alternative exemplary embodiments, dart cap 30 may be formed of one or more pieces. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, tip end 32 of dart cap 30 includes a substantially circular surface that is slightly raised at its center. Thus, a center of tip end 32 protrudes by approximately 1 mm in the x direction from a circumference of tip end 32. In embodiments, tip end 32 may be a substantially flat surface or may have a center that protrudes approximately 1 mm from a circumference thereof. In embodiments, tip end 32 of dart cap 30 may be substantially flat, may be tapered, may be curved, such as in the shape of a spherical segment, spherical frustum, or spherical dome, or may have some other shape. Providing a taper or curved top that adds material to the top of dart 10 may enhance the aerodynamic profile of the dart cap to improve the speed and accuracy of the dart and lengthen the distance over which dart 10 can travel.

(30) In particular, FIG. 3A illustrates a dart cap 30 that includes a stem 35 at the bottom of cap 30 that is insertable into interior bore 25 of dart body 20 to affix cap 30 to dart body 20. Stem 35 may be formed integrally with dart cap 30 or may be attached thereto, and may be formed of one or more pieces.

(31) In embodiments, cap 30 is affixed to dart body 20 with an adhesive, such as a glue, that may be applied around stem 35, inside the interior bore 25, to a bottom of dart cap 30, and/or to head end 82 of elongate dart body 20. To provide additional surface area on dart cap 30 to more strongly affix cap 30 to dart body 20, stem 35 may include one or more grooves, such as grooves 37 and 39 that extend along direction x and that can accommodate additional adhesive. In embodiments, dart cap 30 may be affixed to dart body 20 in a manner other than with an adhesive.

(32) Although stem 35 is illustrated with a particular design, it should be understood that the stem 35 for dart cap 30 is not limited to the illustrated design, and may be shaped and/or sized differently. For example, there may not be any grooves and stem 35 may have an enlarged plug attached to the bottom of stem 35 to help hold stem 35 within interior bore 25.

(33) Dart cap 30 is made to be heavier than the relatively lightweight configuration of dart body 20, such as by choosing a particular composition of material, so as to position the center of gravity of dart 10 toward the head of the dart 10. This improves the accuracy and aerodynamics of dart 10.

(34) It should be understood that, as with the dimensions of elongate dart body 20, the dimensions of dart cap 30 and structures thereof may vary. For example, in embodiments, the height of dart cap 30 excluding the height of stem 35 may be in a range of 6-9 mm, stem 35 has a length, such as a length of at least 5 mm, and a diameter that is sized to fit and securely hold dart cap 30 within interior bore 25, and grooves 37, 39 within stem 35 may be in a range of 0.5 to 0.7 mm in width. However, in embodiments, dart cap 30 and structures thereof may have different dimensions, such as different lengths, heights, widths, and/or diameters.

(35) In embodiments, dart cap 30 is made of a soft, flexible and/or resilient material, that can be injection molded. For example, dart cap 30 may be made of injection molded thermoplastic rubber (TPR). In embodiments, cap 30 could alternatively be made of, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), to name a few. In embodiments, dart cap 30 has a Shore durometer measurement that is sufficiently rigid to maintain the integrity of the cap but relatively soft to lessen the impact on a target. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the molding material has a Shore A durometer of approximately 35. In embodiments, the molding material may have a Shore A durometer that is within a range of 15 to 80. In embodiments, the molding material may have a Shore A durometer that is within a range of 20 to 80, or a range of 20 to 70, or a range of 40 to 70, or a range of 20 to 60, or a range of 30 to 60, or a range of 20 to 40, to name a few. In embodiments, the molding material may have a Shore A durometer that is approximately 30, or approximately 40, or approximately 50, or approximately 70, to name a few. In embodiments, the molding material may have a Shore A durometer that is at least 20, or at least 30, or at least 40, to name a few. In embodiments, the molding material may have a Shore A durometer that is no more than 80, or no more than 70, or no more than 50, to name a few.

(36) According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, dart cap 30/30b has a Shore A durometer of approximately 35. In embodiments, the cap may have a Shore A durometer that is within a range of 15 to 80, or a range of 20 to 80, or a range of 20 to 70, or a range of 40 to 70, or a range of 20 to 60, or a range of 30 to 60, or a range of 20 to 40, to name a few. In embodiments, the cap may have a Shore A durometer that is approximately 30, or approximately 40, or approximately 50 or approximately 70, to name a few. In embodiments, the cap may have a Shore A durometer that is at least 20, or at least 30, or at least 40, to name a few. In embodiments, the cap may have a Shore A durometer that is no more than 80, or no more than 70 or no more than 50, to name a few. In embodiments, dart cap 30 may be measured along a different Shore durometer scale, such as Shore D, for example.

(37) FIGS. 4A to 4C illustrates an exemplary launch of dart 10 (or dart 10b) toward a person from a compatible toy dart launcher (not shown). The compatible toy dart launcher may launch dart 10 by forcing air or some other material 86, such as another gas or liquid, through the bottom of interior bore 25 at the tail end of elongate dart body 20 as shown in FIG. 3A. The forced air or other material impinges upon the bottom 36 of stem 35 and causes the launch of the dart 10 toward a target. In embodiments, dart 10 may be launched through a flywheel mechanism, and the like. As shown in FIG. 4A, dart 10 has been launched and comes into proximity with a person 150. At FIG. 4B, dart 10 impacts upon and makes contact with the person's shirt. At FIG. 4C, dart 10 presses into person 150, with dart cap 30 deforming so as to safely soften the impact on the person and at least limit injuries that may be caused by the impact. As can be seen in the enlarged view within FIG. 4C, cavity 34 of dart cap 30 deforms upon the initial impact of dart 10. After impacting the person, dart 10 bounces off and dart cap 30 may resiliently substantially return to its original shape, such as for relaunching. Although not shown, it should be understood that the lightweight material, such as foam, of dart body 20 may also deform to a certain extent upon impact. It is desirable that the upper portion of dart cap 30, including tip end 32, remains relatively more rigid in order to reduce deformation of the dart cap 30 at launch and to reduce wobble during flight, thereby improving upon the stable aerodynamics—and correspondingly, the speed and accuracy—of dart 10 in hitting its intended target.

(38) Changes to the dart cap design may take into account the complexity of the mold that is required, the cost for additional materials, and any increased weight and/or rigidity of the toy dart, which may impact the aerodynamics and safety of the toy dart.

(39) Additionally, changes to the elongate dart body design may take into account the complexity of the mold that is required and the stability of the dart during launch. For example, the exemplary embodiments show respective ridges that are substantially parallel with one another (and orthogonal to the first, longitudinal direction) on an outer surface of the elongate dart body. However, different non-parallel and/or non-orthogonal patterns may be used—for example, diagonal and/or criss-crossing patterns, dots, and the like. Such patterns may take into account the relationship among the length of the elongate dart body, ridges, and recessed areas—and corresponding surface area proportions—of the exemplary embodiments described above.

(40) While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements thereon may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications and improvements that are within the scope of this invention.