Abstract
A method for producing a sliding element, providing a first band-shaped or strip-shaped metallic material of a thickness, wherein the first material has apertures which extend over the entire thickness of the first material, providing a second band-shaped or strip-shaped metallic material of a thickness, areally connecting the first band-shaped or strip-shaped material to the second band-shaped or strip-shaped material by laser roll cladding such that a band-shaped or strip-shaped composite material is formed, which has a longitudinal direction X and a transverse direction, and has a thickness oriented perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal and transverse directions. The method further includes bending the composite material about an axis oriented parallel to the transverse direction of the composite material, such that a sliding element is formed which has cutouts on its running surface that are formed at least partially from the apertures of the first material.
Claims
1. A method for producing a sliding element, comprising the following steps of: a) providing a first band-shaped or strip-shaped metallic material of a thickness, wherein the first material has apertures which extend over the entire thickness of the first material, b) providing a second band-shaped or strip-shaped metallic material of a thickness, c) areally connecting the first band-shaped or strip-shaped material to the second band-shaped or strip-shaped material by laser roll cladding, such that a band-shaped or strip-shaped composite material is formed, which has a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction, and has a thickness oriented perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal and transverse directions, d) bending the composite material about an axis, which is oriented parallel to the transverse direction of the composite material, such that a sliding element is formed which has cutouts on its running surface that are formed at least partially from the apertures of the first material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the connecting of the first material to the second material in step c) is effected in a full-area manner.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cutouts are filled with a lubricant.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second material has apertures which extend over the entire thickness of the second material.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the first material is connected to the second material such that the apertures of the second material coincide with the apertures of the first material.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the first material is connected to the second material such that the apertures of the second material are arranged offset with respect to the apertures of the first material.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cutouts are filled with a solid lubricant.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the schematic drawings of the figures, in which:
[0031] FIG. 1 shows a first material with apertures;
[0032] FIG. 2 shows a second material;
[0033] FIG. 3 schematically shows the laser roll cladding process;
[0034] FIG. 4 shows a composite material;
[0035] FIG. 5 shows a bushing with lubricating pockets;
[0036] FIG. 6 shows a half-shell with lubricating pockets;
[0037] FIG. 7 shows a particular embodiment of the composite material; and
[0038] FIG. 8 shows a further particular embodiment of the composite material.
[0039] Mutually corresponding parts are provided with the same reference designations in all of the figures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0040] FIG. 1 shows a first material 21 in the form of a band material of width B1 and of thickness D1. The band-shaped material extends over an undefined length in the X direction. The width B1 is measured in the Y direction. The thickness D1 is measured in a direction that is perpendicular to X and Y. The material has a multiplicity of apertures 3. The apertures 3 may have a round shape as in the illustrated case. Other shapes, such as for example oval, elongate, triangular or rectangular, are also possible.
[0041] FIG. 2 shows a second material 22 in the form of a band material of width B2 and of thickness D2. The band-shaped material extends over an undefined length in the X direction. The width B2 is measured in the Y direction. The thickness D2 is measured in a direction that is perpendicular to X and Y. In the illustrated case, the second material 22 is embodied as a solid material and has planar surfaces. Neither apertures nor any other structural elements are present.
[0042] FIG. 3 schematically shows the laser roll cladding process. The working direction is from left to right. A first material 21, which has apertures 3 as in FIG. 1, is fed in the form of a virtually endless band to a rolling apparatus, of which only the two oppositely rotating rolling tools 5 are illustrated. A second material 22 as per FIG. 2 is also fed in the form of a virtually endless band to the rolling apparatus. The two materials 21, 22 are fed such that they come into areal contact with one another upstream of the rolling tools 5. Directly before the two materials 21, 22 enter the working region of the rolling tools 5, both materials 21, 22 are heated by a laser beam 6. On account of the high temperature of the materials 21, 22 that is achieved in this way, rapid intermetallic diffusion between the two materials 21, 22 takes place during the cladding process. Therefore, during the cladding process, only a very low degree of deformation is required in order to obtain a sufficiently strong materially bonded connection between the two materials 21, 22. The band-shaped composite material 23 thus produced has, on one of its surfaces, cutouts 30 in the form of pockets 31 which are open on one side and which correspond to the apertures 3 of the first material 21.
[0043] FIG. 4 shows the produced composite material 23. It is composed of the first material 21 and the second material 22. The width B of the composite material 23 is equal to the width B1 of the first material 21 and the width B2, which is identical thereto, of the second material 22. The thickness D of the composite material is approximately equal to the sum of the thickness D1 of the first material 21 and D2 of the second material 22. The composite material 23 has, on the surface that is formed by the first material 21, a multiplicity of cutouts 30 in the form of pockets 31 which are open on one side. Said cutouts are produced from the apertures 3 of the first material 21 in that the apertures 3 have been closed on one side by the second material 22.
[0044] FIG. 5 shows a sliding element 1 in the form of a rolled bushing 11. In order to produce the bushing 11, the composite material 23 as per FIG. 4 has been cut to a length that corresponds to the outer periphery of the bushing 11, and has been bent through virtually 360° about the axis A. A small butt joint 12 remains between the two ends of the composite material 23. The bushing 11 has an inner surface as running surface 14, which is formed from the first material 21, and an outer surface, which is formed from the second material 22. The running surface 14 thus has pockets 31 which can be filled with solid lubricant. As an alternative, it is also possible for the composite material 23 to be bent such that the outer surface is formed by the first material 21 and thus has lubricating pockets 31.
[0045] FIG. 6 shows a sliding element 1 in the form of a half-shell 13. In order to produce the half-shell 13, the composite material 23 as per FIG. 4 has been cut to a length that corresponds to the periphery of the half-shell 13, and has been bent through virtually 180° about the axis A. The half-shell 13 has an inner surface as running surface 14, which is formed from the first material 21, and an outer surface, which is formed from the second material 22. The running surface 14 thus has pockets 31 which can be filled with solid lubricant. As an alternative, it is also possible for the composite material 23 to be bent such that the outer surface is formed by the first material 21 and thus has lubricating pockets 31.
[0046] FIG. 7 schematically shows a side view of a particular embodiment of the composite material 23. It is not only the first material 21 that has apertures, but rather the second material 22 also has apertures 4 which have the same shape and size as the apertures 3 of the first material. The first material 21 has been connected to the second material 22 such that the apertures 4 of the second material 22 coincide with the apertures 3 of the first material. In this way, cutouts 30 have been formed which extend with a constant shape and size over the entire thickness of the composite material 23. As lubricant reservoir, these cutouts 30 have a maximum volume for the lubricant.
[0047] FIG. 8 schematically shows a side view of a further particular embodiment of the composite material 23. It is not only the first material 21 that has apertures, but rather the second material 22 also has apertures 4. The first material 21 has been connected to the second material 22 such that the apertures 4 of the second material 22 are arranged offset with respect to the apertures 3 of the first material 21. As in the case of the composite material 23 illustrated in FIG. 4, the apertures 3 of the first material 21 are closed by the second material 22 at the boundary surface of the two materials 21, 22, such that cutouts 30 in the form of pockets 31 which are open on one side are formed in that surface of the composite material 23 which is formed by the first material 21.
LIST OF REFERENCE DESIGNATIONS
[0048] 1 Sliding element [0049] 11 Bushing [0050] 12 Butt joint [0051] 13 Half-shell [0052] 14 Running surface [0053] 21 First material [0054] 22 Second material [0055] 23 Composite material [0056] 3 Aperture [0057] 30 Cutout [0058] 31 Pocket [0059] 4 Aperture [0060] 5 Rolling tool [0061] 6 Laser beam [0062] A Axis [0063] B Width [0064] D Thickness [0065] X Longitudinal direction [0066] Y Transverse direction
