LOW-VOC AMINES AS A SURFACE-ACTIVE COMPONENT IN DISPERSIONS

Abstract

The invention relates to a dispersion containing (A) at least one compound of the formula (I), wherein R.sup.1 denotes H, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)OH, (B) a polymeric binder and (C) water.

##STR00001##

Claims

1. A dispersion comprising (A) at least one compound of the formula (I) ##STR00003## in which R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)OH, (B) a polymeric binder which is a homo- or copolymer of olefinically unsaturated monomers, and (C) water.

2. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, further comprising one or more of the constituents selected from the group consisting of pigment, dispersant, defoamer, coalescent, rheological additive, biocide, and wetting agent.

3. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, here R.sup.1 is H, methyl or CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH.

4. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, where R.sup.1 is H or methyl.

5. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the compound of the formula (I) is 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %.

6. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the compound of the formula (I) is 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %.

7. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the compound of the formula (I) is 0.01 wt % to 1 wt %.

8. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a white or chromatic pigment in an amount of 10 to 80 wt %.

9. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, further comprising wetting agents or dispersants in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt %.

10. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, further comprising defoamers in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt %.

11. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, further comprising biocides in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt %.

12. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, further comprising coalescents in an amount of 0 to 5 wt %.

13. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, further comprising rheological additives in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt %.

14. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, comprising 1 to 80 wt % of constituent B).

15. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, comprising 1 to 80 wt % of water.

16. The dispersion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound of the formula (I) is prepared from glucose.

17. (canceled)

18. A method for reducing the separation between an aqueous phase and a solid phase of a dispersion, comprising the step of dissolving a compound of the formula (I) ##STR00004## in which R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)OH and optionally coalescents, defoamers, biocides, rheological additives, wetting agents and/or dispersants in water, and subsequently incorporating a polymeric binder, which is a homo- or copolymer of olefinically unsaturated monomers with stirring at a low shear rate into the dispersion.

19. The method as claimed in claim 18, which takes place at temperatures of 0 to 100° C.

20. (canceled)

21. A method for reducing the separation between an aqueous phase and a solid phase of a dispersion, comprising the step of dissolving a compound of the formula (I) ##STR00005## in which R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)OH and optionally coalescents, defoamers, biocides, rheological additives, wetting agents and/or dispersants in water, and subsequently incorporating a polymeric binder, which is a homo- or copolymer of olefinically unsaturated monomers with stirring at a high shear rate into the dispersion.

Description

EXAMPLES

[0041] Percentages in this description are percentages by weight, based on the weight of the overall composition, unless indicated otherwise.

Examples 1-5 (Comparative Examples) and Examples 6-7 in Vinyl Acetate-VeoVa-Acrylate Paint

[0042] In this comparative series, ammoniacal solution and the commercial amines diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), cyclohexydiethanolamine (Genamie®CH-020, Clariant), and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP-95, Dow) were compared with N-methylglucamine (NMG) and dimethylglucamine (DMG). The compositions of the paints used were as follows, the amines being used equimolarly:

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Composition of the vinyl acetate-VeoVa-acrylate paints in wt % 1 2 3 4 5 Component (C) (C) (C) (C) (C) 6 7 1 Water 29.0 28.9 28.9 28.8 29.0 28.8 28.5 2 NH.sub.3 (25% in water) 0.1 DEA 0.2 TEA 0.2 Genamin ® CH-020 0.3 AMP-95 0.1 NMG 0.3 DMG (50% in water) 0.6 3 Calgon ® N (dispersant) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4 Bermocoll ® EHM 200 (thickener) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 Texanol ® (coalescent) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 6 Dowanol ® DPnB (coalescent) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 7 Byk ® 038 (defoamer) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 8 Mowiplus ® XW 330 (wetting agent) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 9 Nipacide ® BMS (biocide) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 Finntalc ® M 20 SL (filler) 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 11 Mica ® TF (filler) 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 12 Omyacarb ® 10 - AV (filler) 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 13 Omyacarb ® extra - CL (filler) 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 14 Kronos ® 2160 (pigment) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 15 Water 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 16 Mowilith ® DM 2452, 50% (binder) 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 17 Tafigel ® PU 40 (1:9 in water) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 (rheology modifier) 18 Agitan ® 282 (defoamer) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 PVC 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 Solids content 58.0 58.0 58.0 58.0 58.0 58.0 58.0

[0043] Components 1-14 were dispersed at room temperature by a successive addition at high shear rate by means of a dissolver from Getzmann with a sawtooth stirrer. Then components 15-18 were stirred in at a low shear rate.

Examples 8-12 (Comparative Examples) and Examples 13-14 in Styrene-Acrylate Paint

[0044]

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Composition of the styrene-acrylate paints in wt % 8 9 10 11 12 Component (V) (V) (V) (V) (V) 13 14 1 Water 25.5 25.4 25.4 25.3 25.5 25.3 24.9 2 NH.sub.3 (25% in water) 0.1 DEA 0.2 TEA 0.2 Genamin ® CH-020 0.3 AMP-95 0.1 NMG 0.3 DMG (50% in water) 0.6 3 Calgon ® N (dispersant) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4 Tylose ® MH 10000 (thickener) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 Genapol ® ED 3060 (dispersant) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 6 Texanol ® (coalescent) 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 7 Byk ® 038 (defoamer) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 8 Mowiplus ® XW 330 (wetting agent) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 9 Nipacide ® BMS (biocide) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 12 Omyacarb ® 2 GU (filler) 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 14 Kronos ® 2160 (pigment) 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 15 Water 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 16 Mowilith ® LDM 7714 (binder) 38.2 38.2 38.2 38.2 38.2 38.2 38.2 17 Tafigel ® PU 40 (1:9 in water) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 (rheology modifier) Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 PVC 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8 Solids content 46.1 46.1 46.1 46.1 46.1 46.1 46.1
Components 1-14 were dispersed by successive addition at high shear rate. Then components 15-18 were stirred in at low shear rate.

[0045] The paints were assessed for pH, viscosity, freeze-thaw stability, and wet abrasion. To simulate storage stability, the paint was stored at 60° C. for a week, and assessed for syneresis, pH and viscosity. The parameters for this were determined as below.

[0046] The pH was determined using a pH electrode from Knick (SE 100N) following the formulation of the paint and after one week at 60° C.

[0047] The viscosity was determined on a Haake Viscotester 550 from ThermoScientific.

[0048] The wet abrasion resistance was determined in accordance with standards DIN EN ISO 11998 and DIN EN 13300 on a 200 μm paint film after drying at room temperature for one week.

[0049] For the determination of the freeze-thaw stability, a sample of a paint was frozen at −18° C. and then thawed again. This process was repeated for as long as no permanent damage was in evidence. An assessment was made of the number of cycles of freeze-thaw stability.

[0050] For the determination of the syneresis, the same amount of paint was introduced into a vessel with fill level scaling. The amount of water separated after storage at 60° C. for one week was then read off and documented as a percentage of the amount of paint.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Results of the performance investigations of examples 1 to 7 Wet abrasion Viscosity 1/2 s Viscosity 1/60 s Viscosity 1/200 s Mean loss pH [mPas] [mPas] [mPas] of film Cycles of 1 week at 1 week at 1 week at 1 week at thickness Abrasion freeze-thaw Syneresis Example Initial 60° C. Initial 60° C. Initial 60° C. Initial 60° C. [μm] class stability [%] 1 9.4 9.1 5591 6301 3017 3701 1565 1774 77.2 3 0 5.0 2 9.2 8.9 5058 6505 3122 2822 1617 1426 65.0 3 0 4.0 3 9.0 8.7 7128 6682 3602 3339 1984 1833 64.4 3 0 5.0 4 9.3 9.1 7240 10782 3122 5012 1705 2676 74.7 3 0 6.0 5 9.6 9.1 7266 5606 2910 3036 1516 1508 80.3 3 0 4.5 6 9.5 9.1 7615 6177 2860 3008 1515 1492 87.8 3 0 2.5 7 9.3 8.9 6951 5401 2872 2897 1529 1473 99.5 3 0 1.5

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Results of the performance investigations of examples 8 to 14 Wet abrasion Viscosity 1/2 s Viscosity 1/60 s Viscosity 1/200 s Mean loss pH [mPas] [mPas] [mPas] of film Cycles of 1 week at 1 week at 1 week at 1 week at thickness Abrasion freeze-thaw Syneresis Example Initial 60° C. Initial 60° C. Initial 60° C. Initial 60° C. [μm] class stability [%] 8 8.2 8.1 10140 5606 1244 973 593 466 11.6 2 2 35 9 8.7 8.5 11316 9825 1294 893 404 612 10.6 2 2 35 10 8.4 8.4 10569 10654 1281 1108 603 494 9.0 2 2 35 11 8.5 8.4 11865 8275 1287 892 611 434 11.5 2 2 30 12 8.7 8.5 9535 6487 1202 844 572 416 13.4 2 2 30 13 8.7 8.5 13010 8031 1399 757 661 360 13.9 2 2 20 14 8.6 8.4 12760 6145 1397 690 667 337 12.2 2 2 18

[0051] It was found that through the addition of the amines in all cases the paint had a pH of 8 to 10. The results in tables 3 and 4, moreover, show that the paints have a comparable profile of properties in relation to viscosity, wet abrasion, and freeze-thaw stability. As far as the syneresis was concerned, NMG and DMG were observed to reduce significantly the syneresis in comparison to the comparative amines.

[0052] The VOC content of the amines was determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 17895 for 0.1% A to 15% VOC content and in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11890-2 for 0.01% to 0.1% VOC content. The odor of the samples was determined by olfactory means. VOC content and odor of the comparative amines ammonia, monoethanolamine (MEA), DEA, TEA, AMP-95 and Genamin® CH-020, and also of the inventive amines NMG and DMG, are summarized in table 5.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Odor and VOC content of the amines described Amines VOC [%] Method Odor NH.sub.3 — — Acrid MEA >15 DIN 11890-2 Fishy/acrid DEA >15 DIN 11890-2 Slightly fishy TEA <0.01 DIN 17895 Fishy Genamin ® CH-020 3.1 DIN 11890-2 Fishy AMP-95 >15 DIN 11890-2 Fishy/acrid NMG <0.01 DIN 17895 Odorless DMG <0.01 DIN 17895 Odorless