ELEMENTARY ELEMENT

Abstract

The present invention designs an elementary element which operates by low-energy particles less susceptible to influence on an S/N ratio by the particles pseudo-one-dimensionally conducting throw a particle movement portion of particles including electromagnetic waves, electrons, holes, atoms, and molecules between emission and absorption sources of the particles. The present invention designs an elementary element which comprises a modification portion for allowing the particle movement portion coming and going of particles between another elementary element and the elementary element, an interaction, a chemical reaction, and the like between these particles, and time dependent mechanical/electromagnetic force, and controls the emission/absorption of low-energy particles less susceptible to the influence of atomic/molecular species of a constituent material of the particle movement portion, the stereo structure or lattice thereof, the disorders thereof, or the heat of the elementary element thereof on the S/N ratio, and a device constructed from a plurality of elementary elements, which enables much better readiness of a catalytic action not only to control electrons and holes of a transistor and the oxidation-reduction reaction of a fuel cell but also to control the input/output of neutral or ionized atoms than conventional catalysts, tolerance to external field noise including external radiation, and a reduction in energy consumption required to operate the transistor and the like at low temperatures. A device, a module, and a system are constructed from elements including the elementary elements and others.

Claims

1. An elementary element comprising: from an emission source end and/or a particle movement portion to an absorption source end or from the absorption source end and/or the particle movement portion to the emission source end, in an assembly between the emission source end and/or the absorption source end which are nearly perpendicular to direction of particle beams and face with each other, and an outer wall which protects the particle beams from the external world and has zero or more control parts, modification portions, reaction fields, structural materials maintaining the outer wall and so on, in case that the assembly is a material which is from a solid of insulators, semiconductors and conductors, a macroscopic quantum system, an ionic material including fast ion conductors, metallic or oxide glass or a part made of nanoscale materials to mainly the particle beams but with few other atomic/molecular species of a constituent of material of the particle movement portions, through are a liquid or a gaseous state of insulators, semiconductors and conductors, in order for some particle beams to be in good S/N ratio and in a low-kinetic-energy pseudo-one-dimensional movement at first set a mass and an electric, magnetic or neutral chare for a particle of the some particle beams, and designing the assembly by taking both a distribution of electric, magnetic, and neutral charged particles in the assembly, and a deformation of a form of the emission source end and/or the absorption source end including effects of space-time-depending or static mechanical/electromagnetic forces in the modification portions into account, and then, by taking specification of impurity atoms and/or molecules including the vacancies, and mixing ration of them and atoms and/or molecules of a constituent material of a pure assembly in the assembly, and concentration variations of all atoms and/or molecules and the temperature variations of the assembly into account, the elementary element made from the designed assembly, in which the emission source end and/or the absorption source end and the modification portions contacting with the reaction fields of the outer wall are covered with a material which is the most suitable for the settled particle of the particle beam of solid states of metals, inter-metallic or quasi-crystalline alloys or semiconductors metal, a gold catalyst immobilized to or included in polymers or the like, has actuators for mechanical plates to control of the settled particles of the particle beams emitted from the elementary element, reacting and/or produced materials in the reaction fields, also has carrying and/or connecting members in the outer wall in order to interact with other elementary elements and parts through the reaction fields and the control parts of the settled particle of the particle beams, and, moreover, brings about much reduction in energy consumption required to operate the transistor and the like at low temperatures

2. A neutral charged particle emitting device: in which neutral electric charged particle beams are made from uniting electric charged particle beams emitted in low-kinetic-energy with good S/N ratio from the emission source of the elementary element described in claim 1 with the different polarity for the electric charged particles of particle beams controlled in the low-kinetic-energy from a conventional element or another elementary element, are in less influences of S/N ratio due to thermal energies of the conventional element or others and the other elementary element in higher temperatures than the above elementary element.

3. A device: in which with aid of particles of the particle beams having good S/N ratio emitted from the emission source of elementary element described in claim 1 in a reaction or of particles of the particle beams having good S/N ration which are absorbed at the absorption source of the elementary element productions, whose direction of motion and value of motion energy are respectively completely same direction and the same value, heat and/or electricity are created.

4. A device according to claim 3, further comprising: in the device made from the elementary elements according to claim 1 it is possible, if necessary, that kinds of the particles of the particle beams, which move in some particle movement portions of the device, statically or dynamically change on the way of their respective particle movement portion of the device, or functions of each constituting elementary element of the device are enhanced more than those of it, or original functions of each constituting elementary element of the device are modified to other functions of it.

5. An emission and/or an absorption source device comprising: in an emission source and/or an absorption source of the emission source and/or the absorption source element made from the elementary element according to claim 1 the emission source and/or the absorption source element has parts, which are attached on the particle movement portion to the emission source end, are able to control a degree of freedom for particles of the particle beams emitted from the emission source and/or the absorption source element and to regulate an amount of particle flow of the emission source and/or the absorption source element, or, if necessary, other parts, which are heaters.

6. (canceled)

7. A storing and/or releasing energy device comprising: in the storing and/or releasing energy device whose emission or absorption sources described in claim 1, are connected with one or more particle reservoirs, by controlling external conditions of the storing and/or releasing energy device and the particle reservoirs, in the cause that particles of the particle beams of the storing and/or releasing energy device are exchange at very least between two particle reservoirs or among more particle reservoirs, the storing and/or releasing energy devices function efficiently as a storing and/or releasing energy.

8. A device characterized as follows: in the case that a temperature and/or an electric/magnetic potential deference between a pair terminals of a domain in the devices operated with electric/magnetic charged particles occurs, each pair terminals is respectively connected with a suitable end of a thermoelectric material or a thermoelectric conversion element and/or a magnetic material in order for the electric/magnetic charged particles to move more smoothly.

9. A system comprising: the device according to claim 8.

10. An improved system: in the case that a temperature and/or an electric/magnetic potential deference between a pair terminals of a domain in the system according to claim 9 operated with electric/magnetic charged particles occurs, each pair terminals is respectively connected with a suitable end of a thermoelectric material or a thermoelectric conversion element and/or a magnetic material in order for the electric/magnetic charged particles to move more smoothly.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0124] FIG. 1: An assembly connecting with an emission source or an absorption source of the elementary element.

[0125] FIG. 2: An assembly connecting with an emission source end or an absorption source end of the elementary element.

[0126] FIG. 3: An elementary element having an emission source end or an absorption source end.

[0127] FIG. 4: An elementary element having an emission source end or an absorption source end with shooting particle source.

[0128] FIG. 5: An elementary element having emission source end or absorption source ends.

[0129] FIG. 6: An emission source end or an absorption source end with a control part.

REFERENCE CHARACTERS LIST

[0130] 10 An assembly in a particle movement portion for Particles of Particle Beams [0131] 11 A cross-section of an assembly [0132] 20 An assembly in a particle movement portion for Particles of Particle Beams [0133] 21 An emission source end for Particle of Particle Beams [0134] 22 An absorption source end for Particles of Particle Beams [0135] 30 An assembly in a particle movement portion for Particles of Particle Beams [0136] 31 An emission or an absorption source end for Particle of Particle Beams [0137] 32 An absorption or an emission source for Particle of Particle Beams [0138] 33 A reaction field near-by an emission or an absorption source end for Particles of Particle Beams [0139] 40 An assembly in a particle movement portion for Particles of Particle Beams [0140] 41 An emission source or an absorption source end for Particle of Particle Beams [0141] 42 An absorption source or an emission source end for Particle of Particle Beams [0142] 43 A reaction field near-by an emission source or an absorption source end for Particles of Particle Beams [0143] 44 An emission source for a shooting particle [0144] 45 A shooting particle [0145] 50 An assembly in a particle movement portion for Particles of Particle Beams [0146] 51a, 51b, 51c Assemblies in particle movement portion for Particles of Particle Beams [0147] 52, 53 Particle spices parts [0148] 54 A boundary among assemblies and spices parts [0149] 60 An assembly in a particle movement portion for Particles of Particle Beams [0150] 61 A control part