Electrochemical or electric layer system, method for the production and use thereof

Abstract

An electrochemical or electric layer system, having at least two electrode layers and at least one ion-conducting layer disposed between two electrode layers. The ion-conducting layer has at least one ion-conducting solid electrolyte and at least one binder at grain boundaries of the at least one ion-conducting solid electrolyte for improving the ion conductivity over the grain boundaries and the adhesion of the layers.

Claims

1. An electrochemical system, comprising: at least two electrode layers; at least one ion-conducting layer arranged between said at least two electrode layers; said at least one ion-conducting layer containing at least one ion-conducting solid electrolyte formed with grains and at least one binder at grain boundaries of said grains of said at least one ion-conducting solid electrolyte for improving ion conductivity through the grain boundaries of said ion-conducting layer and adhesion of the electrode and ion-conducting layers; said at least one binder being an alkali metal silicate or a water glass disposed at the grain boundaries of said grains of said ion-conducting solid electrolyte.

2. The electrochemical system according to claim 1, having at least two power outlet electrode layers.

3. The electrochemical system according to claim 2, wherein at least one of said electrode and ion-conducting layers is one of a carbon-based or ceramic electron conductor.

4. The electrochemical system according to claim 2, wherein at least one of said electrode and ion-conducting layers is an electrical functional ceramic.

5. The electrochemical system according to claim 2, wherein said layers contain a conductivity improver, selected from the group consisting of carbons, carbides, nitrides, chromites and mixtures thereof.

6. The electrochemical system according to claim 1, wherein said at least one ion-conducting solid electrolyte is an electrical functional ceramic of at least one of Li phosphate, aluminate or silicate, or an electrically conductive polymer which contains lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium imide or a sulfur-containing Li salt.

7. The electrochemical system according to claim 6, wherein said functional ceramic is dissolved in regions at said grain boundaries in contact with the said at least one binder.

8. The electrochemical system according to claim 1 wherein at least part of said electrode and ion-conducting layers include particles dispersed in a dispersion medium.

9. The electrochemical system according to claim 8, wherein at least part of said electrode and ion-conducting layers is configured as one of paint layers, varnish layers, or thick layers.

10. The electrochemical system according to claim 8, wherein at least part of said electrode and ion-conducting layers is configured as one of scumble, glaze, enamel, render, mortar, or concrete.

11. The electrochemical system according to claim 1, wherein said binder is lithium water glass.

12. The electrochemical system according to claim 1, wherein said at least one binder hermetically seals against external influences including moisture.

13. The electrochemical system according to claim 1, wherein said at least one solid electrolyte is an ion-conducting functional ceramic selected from the group consisting of hydroxides, sulfides, nitrides, nitrites, nitrates, borides, borates, carbides, carbonates, silicides, silicates, acetates, phosphides, phosphites, phosphates, sulfides, sulfites, sulfates of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, earth metals, transition metals and rare earth metals and mixtures thereof.

14. The electrochemical system according to claim 1, wherein said electrode layers contain an active material for a cathode selected the group consisting of manganese dioxides, lithium-intercalated transition metal oxides, lithium-intercalated phosphates, lithium-intercalated iron phosphates and blends thereof, sulfur, oxygen and metal fluorides, and for an anode selected from the group consisting of lithium-intercalated titanates, carbon modifications, graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon and blends thereof.

15. The electrochemical system according to claim 1, wherein said electrode and ion-conducting layers have a thickness in the range from about 1 μm to about 1 mm.

16. The electrochemical system according to claim 1, wherein said system is rechargeable.

17. The electrochemical system according to claim 1, wherein said system is one of a primary battery, an accumulator, a solar cell, a fuel cell or a capacitor.

18. A method for storing or generating energy storage, which comprises: providing an electrochemical system according to claim 1; applying said system to a substrate; wherein, at least one layer of said electrochemical system includes particles dispersed in a dispersion medium; and applying the dispersion by one of painting, spraying, trowel application and/or doctor blade application.

19. A method for storing or generating energy, which comprises: providing an electrochemical system according to claim 1; said system being one of a primary battery, accumulator, solar cell, fuel cell or capacitor, and electrically connecting said system and storing energy in the system or generating and outputting energy from the system.

Description

EXAMPLE

(1) Paintable compositions are produced as aqueous paintable composition by dispersing from about 75 to 80%

(2) by volume of active material together with from 20 to 25% of Li water glass in water as solvent. The active material of the negative electrode is lithium titanate Li.sub.4Ti.sub.5O.sub.12, that of the solid electrolyte is lithium aluminum titanium phosphate Li.sub.1.3Al.sub.0.3Ti.sub.1.7(PO.sub.4).sub.3 and that of the positive electrode is lithium iron phosphate LiFePO.sub.4. The power outlet electrodes contain about 80% by volume of finely particulate graphite which is appropriately suspended in water glass as binder. The compositions are painted sequentially on a wall in the order negative power outlet electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, positive electrode, positive power outlet electrode (see FIG. 1). Each application is followed by a drying step for a time of several hours.