Animal product-free culture medium and a process for producing a supernatant of clostridium comprising one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases

Abstract

The present invention refers to a culture medium and a process for producing Clostridium collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases. The present invention includes an animal product-free culture medium for C. histolyticum comprising non-animal derived peptones, preferably vegetable derived peptones, yeast extract and the amino acids cysteine and arginine. The present invention also includes a process for producing a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture comprising one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases, and pharmaceutical composition comprising as active ingredient a supernatant of the Clostridium cultures described herein.

Claims

1. An animal product-free culture medium for Clostridium histolyticum comprising water, soy peptone at a concentration range from 1% to 4% w/v, yeast extract at a concentration range from 0.5% to 3% w/v, cysteine hydrochloride at a concentration of about 0.0625% w/v, and arginine hydrochloride at a concentration range from 0.25% to 0.5% w/v and wherein the medium comprises a Clostridium histolyticum bacterium.

2. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the soy peptone is at a concentration of 3% w/v, yeast extract is at a concentration of 3% w/v, cysteine hydrochloride is at a concentration of 0.0625% w/v and arginine hydrochloride is at a concentration of 0.375% w/v.

3. The culture medium according to claim 1, further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of agent for pH adjustment within the range of 7 to 8, reducing agent, inorganic salts and vitamins.

4. The culture medium according to claim 3, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium thioglycolate, sodium bisulphite, iron salts, glucose and mixtures thereof; the inorganic salts are selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KCl, Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4, NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4, KH.sub.2PO.sub.4, K.sub.2HPO.sub.4, MgSO.sub.4, FeSO.sub.4, MnSO.sub.4 and mixtures thereof; and the vitamins are selected from the group consisting of biotin, pimelic acid, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, thiamine nitrate, riboflavin, 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and mixtures thereof.

5. A process for producing a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture comprising one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases comprising the following steps: a) providing a sterile animal product-free culture medium; b) culturing Clostridium histolyticum stock culture in the culture medium of step (a), under anaerobic conditions at about 37° C. before reaching the stationary growth phase in order to obtain an inoculum; c) providing a sterile animal product-free culture medium comprising water, soy peptone at a concentration range from 1% to 4% w/v, yeast extract at a concentration range from 0.5% to 3% w/v, cysteine hydrochloride at a concentration of about 0.0625% w/v, and arginine hydrochloride at a concentration range from 0.25% to 0.5% w/v; d) adding to the culture medium of step (c) a volume of inoculum from step (b) equal to or lower than 10% of the final volume of the medium defined in (c); e) culturing the C. histolyticum obtained in (d) under anaerobic conditions at about 37° C. until the stationary growth phase; f) removing cellular debris and other particulate matter from the liquid phase of the culture from step (e), yielding a supernatant comprising one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases.

6. The process according to claim 5, wherein the step (b) comprises at least the following steps: 1) culturing a stock culture in the culture medium from step (a) in a ratio of 0.1:1 v/v for about 16 hours in order to obtain a pre-inoculum; 2) adding to the pre-inoculum obtained in step 1 an amount of culture medium from step (a) equal to or higher than the double of the culture medium volume from step (1) and maintaining the culture for about 12 hours in order to obtain an inoculum.

7. The process according to claim 5, wherein the C. histolyticum culture during the step (e) comprises the addition of one or more agents to pH adjustment in sufficient amount to maintain the culture medium pH from 6.5 to 8.0 and wherein the step (f) is carried out through filtration, centrifugation or both.

8. The process according to claim 5, comprising one or more additional steps for the purification of one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases from the supernatant obtained in step (f).

9. The process according to claim 5, wherein the culture medium provided in step (a) comprises water, 3% w/v of soy peptone, 3% w/v of yeast extract, 0.0625% w/v of cysteine hydrochloride, and pH ranging from 6.5 to 8.0.

10. The process according to claim 5, wherein the animal product-free culture medium employed in step (c) comprises water, 3% w/v of soy peptone, 3% w/v of yeast extract, 0.0625% w/v of cysteine hydrochloride, 0.375% w/v of arginine hydrochloride, and pH ranging from 7.0 to 8.0.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1. Bacterial growth (optical density 600 nm) of C. histolyticum (ATCC 21000) in animal product-free culture media (3% w/v of vegetable peptone, 3% w/v of yeast extract, 0.0625% w/v of cysteine hydrochloride) containing vegetable peptone and yeast extract from different suppliers. Standard culture medium (comprising casein peptone) was used for comparison.

(2) FIG. 2. Bacterial growth (optical density 600 nm) of C. histolyticum (ATCC 21000) in animal product-free culture media distinguished by the concentration of vegetable peptone (HY Pep 1511) and yeast extract (YE5114) used. The animal product-free culture media contain 0.0625% w/v of cysteine hydrochloride. Standard culture medium (comprising casein peptone) was used for comparison.

(3) FIG. 3. Bacterial growth (OD) and enzymatic activity of C. histolyticum (ATCC 21000) animal product-free cultures with different concentrations of yeast extract (0-3% w/v), 3% w/v or 4% w/v of soy peptone and 0.0625% w/v of cysteine hydrochloride.

(4) FIG. 4. pH influence on bacterial growth (optical density 600 nm) of C. histolyticum (ATCC 21000) in an animal product-free culture medium comprising 3% w/v of soy peptone (NZ Soy BL4), 3% w/v of yeast extract (YE251) and 0.0625% w/v of cysteine hydrochloride.

(5) FIG. 5. Bacterial growth (OD) and enzymatic activity of C. histolyticum (ATCC 21000) cultures supplemented with inorganic salts, vitamins and amino acids. Culture media used are animal product-free and comprise: 3% w/v of soy peptone (NZ SOY BL4), 3% w/v of yeast extract (YE 251) and 0.0625% w/v of cysteine hydrochloride. The bars (1-8) in the chart refer to: 1—Control Medium (Ctrl): NZ-soy BL4 (3%); Yeast extract YE 251 (3%); Cysteine hydrochloride (0.0625%); 2—Ctrl+Salts* 3—Ctrl+Vitamins** 4—Ctrl+Vitamins**+Salts* 5—Ctrl+Aa*** 6—Ctrl+Aa***+Vitamins** 7—Ctrl+Aa***+Salts* 8—Ctrl+Aa***+Vitamins**+Salts*

(6) The vitamins and the salts were tested in the following concentrations:

(7) TABLE-US-00001 Components Quantities (mg/ml) Salts* Potassium phosphate dibasic (K.sub.2HPO.sub.4) 1.0 Potassium phosphate monobasic (KH.sub.2PO.sub.4) 1.0 Magnesium sulphate (MgSO.sub.4•7H.sub.20) 0.4 Sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.02 Iron sulphate (FeSO.sub.4•7H.sub.20) 0.02 Manganese sulphate (MnSO.sub.4•4H.sub.20) 0.02 Vitamins** Biotin 0.00625 Pimelic acid 0.02 Nicotinamide 0.02 Calcium pantothenate 0.02 Folic acid 0.02 Thiamine nitrate 0.02 Riboflavin 0.02 P-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) 0.02 Amino acids - Aa*** Mix 20 Aa 1/each

(8) FIG. 6. Bacterial growth (OD) and enzymatic activity of C. histolyticum (ATCC 21000) cultures supplemented with inorganic salts, vitamins and amino acids. Culture media used are animal product-free and comprise: 30 g/L of soybean peptone (NZ SOY BL4), 30 g/L of yeast extract (YE 251), 0.625 g/L of cysteine hydrochloride and 3.75 g/L arginine hydrochloride. Enzymatic activity was analyzed through zymography gel (samples of the supernatant obtained for each culture medium were analyzed in duplicates). The bars (1-4) in the chart refer to: 1—Control Medium (Ctrl): vegetable peptone NZ-soy BL4 (30 g/L); Yeast extract YE 251 (30 g/L); Cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g/L); L-arginine (3.75 g/L). 2—Ctrl+Vitamins 3—Ctrl+Phosphates 4—Ctrl+Vitamins+Phosphates

(9) FIG. 7. Collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of the supernatant of C. histolyticum (ATCC 21000) animal product-free liquid cultures containing vegetable peptone and yeast extract from different suppliers (3% w/v of vegetable peptone, 3% w/v of yeast extract, 0.0625% w/v of cysteine hydrochloride). Standard culture medium (comprising casein peptone) was used for comparison.

(10) FIG. 8. Bacterial growth and collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of the supernatant of C. histolyticum (ATCC 21000) liquid culture using an animal product-free culture medium (30 g/L of soy peptone NZ SOY BL4, 30 g/L of YE251 and 0.625 g/L of cysteine) comprising, additionally, arginine, glycine or both. Horizontal axis label are as follow: Ctrl*=NZ-SoyBL4 (30 g/L); Yeast extract YE 412 (30 g/L); Cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g/L); and GA**=Glycine+L-arginine-HCl

(11) FIG. 9. Bacterial growth and collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of the supernatant of C. histolyticum liquid culture using an animal product-free culture medium (3% w/v of soy peptone NZ SOY BL4, 3% w/v of YE251 and 0.0625% w/v of cysteine) comprising, additionally, amino acid pools (Groups 1 to 6). Enzymatic activity was analyzed through zymography gel. The Groups 1-6 and Control in the chart refer to:

(12) TABLE-US-00002 Group 1: Glutamate/Proline/Glutamine/Arginine* Group 2: Aspartate/Asparagine/Lysin/Methionine/ Threonine/Isoleucine* Group 3: Alanine/Valine/Leucine* Group 4: Serine/Glycin/Cysteine Group 5: Phenylalanine/Tyrosine/Tryptophan* Group 6: Histidine* Control: NZ-Soy BL4 (3%); Yeast extract YE 251 (3%); cysteine hydrochloride (0.0625%). *Amino acids at 1 mg/ml each.

(13) FIG. 10. Bacterial growth and collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of the supernatant of C. histolyticum bioreactor (3 L) liquid culture using an animal product-free culture medium (3% w/v of soy peptone NZ SOY BL4, 3% w/v of YE251 or YE 412 and 0.0625% w/v of cysteine). Enzymatic activity was analyzed through zymography gel.

(14) FIG. 11. Bacterial growth and collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of the supernatant of C. histolyticum bioreactor (3 L) liquid culture using an animal product-free culture medium (3% w/v of soy peptone NZ SOY BL4, 3% w/v of YE251 and 0.0625% w/v of cysteine and 0.375% w/v of arginine). Enzymatic activity was analyzed through zymography gel (B) and the protein profile was analyzed through SDS-PAGE gel (C) (analysis performed only after 7 hours of culture).

(15) FIG. 12. Growth and collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of the supernatant of C. histolyticum (ATCC 21000) liquid culture (bioreactor—3 L) using an animal product-free culture media comprising: 3% w/v of soy peptone NZ SOY BL4, 3% w/v of YE251 and 0.0625% w/v of cysteine; or 3% w/v of soy peptone NZ SOY BL4, 3% w/v of YE251, 0.0625% w/v of cysteine and 0.375% w/v of arginine. Analysis performed with supernatant samples collected at the end of the culturing process.

(16) FIG. 13. Recovery of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases from supernatant of C. histolyticum (ATCC 21000) liquid culture in animal product-free culture medium comprising 3% w/v of soy peptone NZ SOY BL4, 3% w/v of YE251, 0.0625% w/v of cysteine and 0.375% w/v of arginine. Protein profile was obtained through SDS PAGE of samples collected during the culture process. In the chart, the columns from 1 to 6 refer to:

(17) TABLE-US-00003 Activity (U/mL) Yield (%) 1—Supernatant (4x) 908.578 100 2—post-dialysis (4x) 749.568 82.5 3—post-dialysis (10x) 4—post-dialysis (25x) 5—post-dialysis (50x) 6—post-lyophilization (25x) 798.649 87.35

(18) FIG. 14. Bacterial growth (DO 600 nm) and collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity (mU/mL) of the supernatant of C. histolyticum ATCC 21000 and T248 liquid culture in animal product-free culture media comprising: 3% w/v of soy peptone NZ SOY BL4, 3% w/v of YE251, 0.0625% w/v of cysteine and 0.375% w/v of arginine. Cultures were carried out in bioreactor (3 L). Analyses were performed (14 h) at the end of the culture process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(19) In order to guarantee a better understanding of the invention's scope, without making it a limiting factor, the specific terms related to the present invention are defined as follows.

(20) “Proteases” (proteinases, peptidases or proteolytic enzymes, EC 3.4), according to present invention, are enzymes that cleave protein peptide bonds.

(21) Clostridium histolyticum “Collagenases” type I and type II are defined accordingly to the description supplied by Bond M. D., van Wart, H. E., 1987, Biochemistry 23:3077-3085 and Bond, M. D., van Wart, H. E., 1984, Biochemistry, 23: 3085.

(22) “Collagen proteins” or “collagen” refer to the main structural protein present in the skin and bones of most animals, which are important extracellular matrix components. Collagen molecules consist of 3 individual polypeptide chains (alpha chains) folded in a triple helix configuration stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

(23) “Gelatin” refers to a partially hydrolyzed form of collagen.

(24) “Collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity” refers to the measure of collagen and/or gelatin degradation by proteases within a specified period of time. It is usually expressed in units/mL, units/L, units/mg of enzyme or units/g of enzyme. Collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity can be determined through a variety of methodologies such as viscometric analysis, colorimetric (ninhydrin; Moore & Stein, JBC, 176, 367, 1948) or fluorimetric reactions (collagen and gelatin substrates marked with fluorescein; EnzChek®) among others. In the case in which the activity is quantified following a colorimetric protocol with ninhydrin, the activity is measured by the enzymatic hydrolysis of a synthetic substrate (Carbobenzoxy-Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ala).

(25) “Bacterial growth” is defined as the division of a bacterial cell in two identical daughter cells during a process called binary fission. The duplication of bacterial population occurs at each cell division, undergoing exponential growth. Exponential bacterial growth in a culture can be monitored through well-known methods, such as, direct count of bacterial cells (i.e. microscopy, flow cytometry), biomass quantification (milligrams, grams, kilos or tons), colony count, optical density (measured in spectrophotometer, wavelength of about 600 nm), nutrient consumption, among others. Bacterial growth can be characterized by four different phases: “lag phase”, “exponential or log phase”, “stationary phase” and “decline or death phase”.

(26) It is of common knowledge that during the “lag phase”, the bacteria are adapting to growth conditions and are not yet able to perform cellular division. It is a period when cells are entering a maturity state. The “exponential or log phase” is a period characterized by duplication of bacterial population. If growth is not restricted, cell duplication continues in a constant rate, so both, the number of cells and growth rate, duplicate in each generation. The exponential growth phase is not sustained indefinitely since the growth medium has nutritional restraints and the metabolites produced by bacterial cells during cellular division are often toxic. Thus, the growth rate tends to decrease and the bacterial growth enters in the “stationary phase”. This phase is characterized by resource depletion in the culture medium. In the “decline or death phase”, bacteria deplete completely the remaining nutrients in the culture medium and die.

(27) “Pre-inoculum” is defined as a suspension of microorganisms obtained from a stock culture that will be used to “inoculum” production.

(28) “Inoculum” is a suspension of microorganisms with a specific concentration to be used for growth and/or fermentation on a larger scale (greater volume of culture medium) than the initial one.

(29) “Anaerobic condition” and “anaerobiosis” is defined as the maintenance of a substantially oxygen-free culture condition.

(30) “Fresh culture medium” refers to any culture medium for microorganism growth or fermentation that has not been previously used, as a culture medium containing integrally all of its components.

(31) “Freezing medium” characterizes a composition capable of maintaining a microorganism's viability after freezing or lyophilization and, thus, preserve its growth and fermentation capacity after long-term storage. The storage of the microorganism on the freezing medium can be performed on temperatures that are suitable for its cryopreservation. Moreover, it is also possible to lyophilize the microorganism in the freezing medium before storage. In the present invention, the freezing medium is free from animal derived components and contains, in addition, a cryopreservation agent.

(32) “Cryopreservation agent”, or cryoprotectant, is a substance intended to protect the microorganism during a freeze-thaw process allowing it to maintain cell viability after freezing. Some common cryopreservation agents used for microorganism storage are: sucrose, glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), among others.

(33) “Stock or storage culture” refers to a fraction of microorganism in freezing medium stored for a determined period of time.

(34) “Supernatant” is used hereafter to describe the liquid phase of a microorganism culture medium (growth or fermentation medium), free from cell debris, particulate or solid material. The supernatant can be obtained by well-known centrifugation and/or filtration procedures.

(35) “Peptones” are characterized in the present invention as mixtures of compounds obtained by protein hydrolysis (proteins fragments, whose composition depends on the protein source used for hydrolysis). Commonly, peptones are obtained by acid or enzymatic hydrolysis of natural products, such as animal or vegetable tissues, as well as milk or microbial cultures.

(36) The protein source of animal derived peptones is often a by-product of meat and dairy production. Therefore, its hydrolysis results in several other compounds, apart from peptides and amino acids, such as fats, metal ions, salts and vitamins.

(37) “Animal Product-Free” refers to the absence of any animal derived product, component or compound. “Animal” includes mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, amphibians, arthropods, withal other animal species. “Animal” excludes microorganisms such as bacteria and yeasts. Thus, “Animal Product-Free” can comprise proteases derived from bacteria of the genus Clostridium, such as C. histolyticum. A composition “animal Product-free” does not include animal derived proteins, such as: immunoglobulin, meat digests and by-products, and dairy products and their derivatives.

(38) In the context of this invention “component”, “ingredient”, “product” or “source” “of non-animal derived” are the preferred sources of ingredients for the Clostridium histolyticum culture medium, including vegetables, microorganisms (e.g., yeast) and synthetic compounds.

(39) “Standard or conventional culture medium” refers to the culture medium for growth and/or fermentation of bacteria of the genus Clostridium, in particular C. histolyticum, comprising animal derived components, including peptone proteose, tryptic digests of casein or meat, casein peptone, among others.

Invention Description

(40) It is well known that animal derived peptones are essential ingredients of the culture medium to Clostridium histolyticum growth, having a strong influence on the production of gelatinolytic and collagenolytic proteases. However, regarding the protease for therapeutic use in humans, it is desired to avoid animal derived ingredients throughout the entire production process, eliminating the risk of pathogens interspecific horizontal transmission and pathological immune responses against animal derived antigenic peptides that may be present in the final product, even after several purification steps.

(41) Thereby, this invention describes a Clostridium animal product-free culture medium for growth and collagenolytic and gelatinolytic protease production. Most preferably, the present invention describes a culture medium for C. histolyticum.

(42) Bacterial growth and collagenolytic and gelatinolytic protease production using the animal product-free culture medium as described in this invention were compared to the results of cultures with animal derived medium comprising i.e proteose peptone or casein hydrolysate (standard or conventional culture medium).

(43) Particularly, the culture medium described in the present invention yields a supernatant with higher collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity than the one obtained from Clostridium histolyticum culture using standard culture medium (comprising animal derived peptones).

(44) Thereby, this invention presents an animal product-free culture medium for Clostridium, most particularly C. histolyticum, comprising water, non-animal derived peptone, or its derivatives, yeast extract and the amino acids cysteine and arginine, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

(45) The culture medium of the present invention can additionally comprise one or more additive selected from the group consisting of agent for pH adjustment within the range of 7 to 8, reducing agent, inorganic salts, vitamins and mixtures thereof.

(46) Optimum bacterial growth rates and collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases production, mainly collagenases, are achieved using the culture medium of this invention with a pH ranging from 7.0 to 8.0, preferably around 7.0. pH adjustment must be performed after sterilization and before initiating C. histolyticum culture, through aqueous solutions of a pH adjustment agent known by those skilled the art, e.g., ammonium sulphate, NaOH, sulphuric or nitric acid, among others.

(47) The additives (reducing agents, inorganic salts and vitamins) that can be included on the animal product-free culture medium are selected among substances known by those skilled in the art.

(48) The reducing agent, according to this invention, is selected from the group consisting of sodium thioglycolate, sodium bisulphite, iron salts, glucose and mixtures thereof.

(49) Additionally, according to this invention, the inorganic salts are selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KCl, Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4, NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4, KH.sub.2PO.sub.4, K.sub.2HPO.sub.4, MgSO.sub.4, FeSO.sub.4, MnSO.sub.4 and mixtures thereof.

(50) Vitamins, according to the present invention, is selected from the group consisting of biotin, pimelic acid, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, thiamine nitrate, riboflavin, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and mixtures thereof.

(51) Non-animal derived peptones evaluated as ingredients for Clostridium histolyticum culture medium are listed in Table 1.

(52) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 1 Vegetable peptones evaluated as ingredients for Clostridium histolyticum culture medium as described in the present invention Vegetable peptones Supplier Amysoy ™ Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) Springer ® HYP A BioSpringer (France) HyPep ™ 1510 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) HyPep ™ 1511 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) HyPep ™ 4601 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) HyPep ™ 4605 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) HyPep ™ 5603 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) HyPep ™ 7504 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) Hy-soy ™ Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) N-Z-Soy ™ BL4 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) N-Z-Soy ™ BL7 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) Soybean peptone GMO-free, Biotecnica Internacional (Mexico) animal free; CAT No. 312

(53) Non-animal derived peptones can also be obtained from other suppliers, such as: Soy Peptone® (Gibco), Bac-Soytone® (Difco), SE50M® (DMV), Soy Peptone 312® (Biotecnica International, Mexico), SE50MAF-UF® (DMV), Stedygro Soy® and Proyield Soy®.

(54) The animal product-free culture medium for Clostridium histolyticum comprises a non-animal derived peptone that is a vegetable peptone selected from the group consisting of soy, cotton, wheat, sunflower, rice, peanuts, fava beans, peas, potato, corn and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the vegetable peptone is soy, cotton or wheat peptone, or its mixtures. Most preferably, the vegetable peptone is soy peptone.

(55) This application discloses surprisingly that peptones or other animal derived components are not essential for Clostridium histolyticum culture, and that the animal product-free culture medium of the present invention yields collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases production superior to that obtained in conventional culture medium (containing animal derived components).

(56) According to the present invention, vegetable peptones from different suppliers can be used in the Clostridium histolyticum animal product-free culture medium. Preferably, the vegetable peptones are hydrolyzed and its production process is also animal product-free. The vegetable peptone, according to this invention, is selected from the group consisting of Hy Soy®, Soytone®, Amisoy®, NZ Soy BL4®, NZ Soy BL7®, Hy Pep 1510®, Hy Pep 1511®, Hy Pep 5603®, Hy Pep 7504®, Stedygro Soy®, SE50M®, Proyield Soy®, SE50MAF-UF®, Soy peptone 312, Hy Pep 4601 and mixtures thereof.

(57) Preferably, the vegetable peptone is selected from the group consisting of Hy Pep 4601®, NZ soy BL4®, HyPep 1511° and Hy Pep 7504®. Most preferably, the vegetable peptone is NZ soy BL4®.

(58) Besides non-animal or vegetable derived peptones, the Clostridium histolyticum culture medium described in the present invention contains yeast extract as a critical ingredient. Commercial suppliers evaluated for this ingredient are listed in Table 2.

(59) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 2 Yeast extracts evaluated as ingredients for Clostridium histolyticum culture medium described on this invention. Yeast Extract Supplier Bacto Yeast Extract BD Bioscience (USA) HyPep ™ YE Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) Hy-Yeast ™ 412 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) Hy-Yeast ™ 413 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) Hy-Yeast ™ 502 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) Hy-Yeast ™ 501 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) Hy-Yeast ™ 503 Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) Prodex ® 710 SD BioSpringer (France) Prodex ® NS70SD BioSpringer (France) Pronal ™ 5001/ BioSpringer (France) 0-PW-L Developmental Yeast Sheffield ™ Bioscience (Kerry, USA) Extract II “Normal grade” YEAST EXTRACT Biotecnica Internacional (Mexico) 151 Springer ® 0251/ BioSpringer (France) 0-PW-L Yeast Extract 70161 Fluka (Sigma-Aldrich GmbH) Yeast Extract Y4250 Sigma-Aldrich GmbH Extrato de levedura Labsynth ® (Brazil) Springer ® 0207/ BioSpringer (France) 0-PW-L Extrato de levedura Vetec Quimica Fina (Brazil) 5114

(60) Preferably, according to the present invention, the yeast extract is selected from the group consisting of Bacto YE®, Hy-Pep YE®, Hy-Yeast 412®, Hy-Yeast 413®, Hy-Yeast 502®, Hy-Yeast 501®, Hy-Yeast 503® Prodex 710 SD®, Prodex NS70SD®, Pronal 5001®, YE 11®, YE 151®, YE 251®, YE 70161®, YE Y4250®, Synth®, YE 207®, YE 5114® and mixtures thereof. Most preferably, the yeast extract is YE 251®.

(61) Regarding the amino acids, arginine is L-arginine and cysteine is L-cysteine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Preferably, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are cysteine hydrochloride and arginine hydrochloride.

(62) The culture medium of the present invention comprises non-animal derived peptone at a concentration range from 0.5% to 5% w/v, yeast extract at a concentration range from 0.5% to 5% w/v, cysteine, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, at a concentration range from 0.01% to 0.1% w/v, and arginine, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, at a concentration range from 0.1% to 1% w/v.

(63) Preferably, the culture medium comprises non-animal derived peptone at a concentration range from 1% and 4% w/v, yeast extract at a concentration range from 1% and 4% w/v, cysteine, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, at a concentration range from 0.03% to 0.07% w/v, and arginine, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, at a concentration range from 0.25% to 0.7% w/v. Most preferably, the non-animal derived peptone is at a concentration of 3% w/v, yeast extract is at a concentration of 3% w/v, cysteine, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, is at a concentration of 0.0625% w/v, and arginine, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, is at a concentration of 0.375% w/v.

(64) The culture medium, according to the present invention, must be sterilized before the C. histolyticum inoculum. Media sterilization can be performed through methods known by those skilled in the art, for example, moist heat autoclaving or filtration. Thus, the culture medium described in this invention is characterized by being sterile. Preferably, the animal product-free culture medium of the present invention is characterized by being liquid.

(65) The culture medium, according to the present invention, is used in a process for producing a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture comprising one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases.

(66) C. histolyticum, when cultured in the animal product-free liquid medium presented herein, secrete such proteases into the liquid phase. Collagenases are the main protein components in the supernatant produced by such C. histolyticum culture.

(67) In another embodiment, a process for producing a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture comprising one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases is provided, which comprises the use of an animal product-free culture medium according to the present invention. The process for producing a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture comprising one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases comprising the following steps: a) providing a sterile animal product-free culture medium; b) culturing Clostridium histolyticum stock culture in the culture medium of step (a), under anaerobic conditions at about 37° C. before reaching the stationary growth phase in order to obtain an inoculum; c) providing a sterile animal product-free culture medium according to present invention; d) adding to the culture medium of step (c) a volume of inoculum from step (b) equal to or lower than 10% of the final volume of the medium defined in (c); e) culturing the C. histolyticum obtained in (d) under anaerobic conditions at about 37° C. until the stationary growth phase; f) removing cellular debris and other particulate matter from the liquid phase of the culture from step (e), yielding a supernatant comprising one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases.

(68) Anaerobic conditions, as required in steps (b) and (e) can be attained through methods well known by those skilled in the art, including but not limited to the ones described hereafter. For instance, the anaerobic conditions in steps (b) and (c), can be maintained through the addition of nitrogen gas to the culture medium.

(69) The purpose of culture medium referred in step (a) is to increase cell count from a stock culture, which is stored under appropriate conditions for maintaining cell viability. Preferably, the stock culture is maintained at −80° C. in an animal product-free culture medium containing one or more cryopreservation agents. In order to achieve C. histolyticum best growth rates in an animal product-free medium, the stock medium is also free of animal derived components.

(70) The stock culture is produced from an animal product-free culture medium comprising vegetable peptones, preferably soy peptone or its derivatives, yeast extract, cysteine, as well as a cryopreservation agent, within a pH range from 6.5 to 8.0. Cryopreservation agents (cryoprotectant) for microorganisms, mainly bacteria, are broadly known by person skilled in the art and can be selected from the group consisting of glycerol, sucrose, dimethyl sulfoxide and glucose. The amount of cryoprotectant added to the stock culture varies depending on the bacterial strain and must be correctly adjusted prior to preparing the microorganism cell bank (master cell bank and working cell bank).

(71) The purpose of the growth phase (step (b)) is to increase the amount of viable microorganisms for collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases production, which occurs in step (e). Additionally, the growth phase allows the dormant microorganisms in the stock culture to grow actively and secrete collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases at step (e). The sterile and animal product-free culture medium employed in step (a) comprises water, vegetable based peptone, yeast extract and cysteine. Specifically, the sterile and animal product-free culture medium employed in step (a) comprises water, 0.5% to 5% w/v of vegetable peptone, 0.5% to 5% w/v of yeast extract, 0.01% to 0.1% w/v of cysteine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pH ranging from 6.5 to 8.0. Preferably, the culture medium of step (a) comprises water, 3% w/v of vegetable peptone, 3% w/v of yeast extract, 0.0625% w/v of cysteine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pH ranging from 6.5 to 8.0.

(72) As it will be noticed in the Examples 1 and 2, there is no need of supplementing the animal product-free culture medium with arginine in order to achieve higher growth rate than the one observed in standard culture medium (with animal derived peptone). Therefore, the preferred culture medium described for step (a) has been defined considering only the minimal components for bacterial growth. However, similar results are observed when the medium contains, not only the described essential components, but also arginine and other additives (inorganic salts, vitamins and reducing agents).

(73) The arginine amino acid is essential for the surprising results of the present invention regarding the production of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases (step (e)). The production of C. histolyticum proteases is much higher with animal product-free culture medium comprising arginine and cysteine than the one obtained with animal product-free culture medium supplemented only with cysteine or with the conventional culture medium containing animal derived components.

(74) Thus, the sterile animal product-free culture medium employed in step (c) of the process for producing a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture comprising one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases comprises water, vegetable peptone, yeast extract, cysteine, arginine and pH ranging from 7.0 to 8.0.

(75) Preferably, the sterile animal product-free culture medium described in step (c) comprises water, 3% w/v of vegetable peptone, 3% w/v of yeast extract, 0.0625% w/v of cysteine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, 0.375% w/v of arginine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pH ranging from 7.0 to 8.0.

(76) Bacterial growth can be monitored by measuring the optical density of the culture medium during the process described above (steps (b) and (e)) using a spectrophotometer (wavelength 600 nm) according to methods well known by those skilled in the art.

(77) The C. histolyticum culture during step (b) may occur in one or more steps. Preferably, the step (b) of the process for producing a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture comprises at least the following steps: 1) culturing a stock culture in the culture medium from step (a) in a ratio of 0.1:1 v/v for about 16 hours in order to obtain a pre-inoculum; 2) adding to the pre-inoculum obtained in step 1 an amount of culture medium from step (a) equal to or higher than the double of the culture medium volume from step (1) and maintaining the culture for about 12 hours in order to obtain an inoculum.

(78) It is essential that the growth during step (b) does not lead to cell lysis before its inoculation into the culture medium in step (c), guaranteeing the cell viability of the inoculum.

(79) The process for producing a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture can comprised only steps from (c) to (f), culturing the C. histolyticum stock culture directly in the culture medium described in step (c), without producing an inoculum.

(80) Preferably, the process for producing a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture comprises, during step (e), the addition of one or more agents to pH adjustment in sufficient amount to maintain the culture medium pH from 6.5 to 8.0.

(81) In the present invention, during step (f) of the process for obtaining C. histolyticum collagenolytic enzymes, the separation of cellular debris or other particulate matter from the liquid phase of the culture can be performed through different techniques of filtration, centrifugation or chromatographic purification known on the state of the art and not limited to tangential filtration, centrifugation, chromatography gel filtration, among others.

(82) Thus, the step (f) of the process for producing a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture is carried out through filtration, centrifugation, or both.

(83) In addition, the process for producing a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture comprises one or more additional steps for the purification of one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases from the supernatant obtained in step (f). Purification can be performed through various methods of filtration, chromatographic purification or saline precipitation, not limited to ammonium sulfate precipitation, tangential filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, among others, individually or combined.

(84) According to the present invention, the supernatant of C. histolyticum liquid culture is a complex mixture including, not only collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases, mainly collagenases, but also other proteins, bacterial metabolites, culture medium components, among other substances.

(85) Thus, an additional aspect of the present invention refers to a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture comprising one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases, which is produced by the process described above.

(86) The supernatant, according to this invention, can be directly purified in order to obtain one or more collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases.

(87) Particularly, the supernatant, according to the present invention, comprises, after purification, from 20 to 90% of collagenases.

(88) Alternatively, the supernatant can be stored on a frozen or lyophilized form, without lost its collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity.

(89) In another embodiment, the use of a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture obtained through the process described in the present invention is for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of diseases benefiting from collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of proteases. Particularly, the invention describes the use of a supernatant of C. histolyticum liquid culture for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of collagen-mediated diseases or pathological conditions of a human body associated with erratic accumulation of fibrous tissue rich in collagen. In addition, the invention describes the use of a supernatant of C. histolyticum liquid culture for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of necrotic tissue and/or healing processes. Burns and skin lesions of diverse nature are examples of situations where necrotic tissue treatment is necessary.

(90) Besides the use of a supernatant of C. histolyticum liquid culture is for the manufacture of a medicament for enzymatic debridement. This invention also discloses a pharmaceutical composition comprising as active ingredient a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture obtained from the process described herein and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The pharmaceutical composition can include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, buffers, carriers, stabilizers, preservatives and thickeners. The pharmaceutical composition, according to the invention, is for administration in animal or human for therapeutic or cosmetic use.

(91) According to this invention, the pharmaceutical compositions comprising as active ingredient a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture can be administered through oral, sublingual, nasal, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrarticular, subcutaneous, dermal, transdermal, among others. Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition, according to the present invention, is formulated for subcutaneous, dermal and transdermal administration.

(92) Most preferably, the pharmaceutical composition, according to the present invention, is for topical use and comprises from 0.2 U to 1.8 U of collagenase per gram of composition (quantified through ninhydrin colorimetric method).

(93) The carriers or pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are selected according to the final pharmaceutical form, which could be capsules, tablets, oral solutions, solutions for nasal administration, injectable solution for intramuscular, intravenous, cutaneous or subcutaneous administration or solutions, ointments or creams for topical use, among others. Thus, the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention comprise as active ingredient a supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers in the form of a cream or ointment formulation, lyophilized or aqueous solutions. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers or stabilizers do not demonstrate toxicity to the patient at the dosages and concentrations employed and can include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, hexamethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, phenol, butyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, alkyl parabens such as methyl- and propylparaben, catechol, resorcinol, cyclohexanol, 3-pentanol, and m-cresol; amino acids, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates such as glucose, mannose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol; polysaccharides (such as the polysaccharide hydrophilic Ficoll®); polymeric excipients such as polyvinylpyrrolidones, dextrins, polyethylene glycols; flavoring agents, sweeteners; anti-static agents; chelating agents such as EDTA or EGTA; salts releasing ions like sodium; metal complexes; non-ionic polysorbates such as “TWEEN 20” and “TWEEN 80”; lipids such as phospholipids, fatty acids and steroids such as cholesterol. Methods for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions are well known to those skilled in the art.

(94) Such pharmaceutical compositions can be used in the treatment of diseases benefiting from collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of C. histolyticum proteases, in the treatment of pathological conditions of the human body associated with excessive collagen deposition and erratic accumulation of fibrous tissue rich in collagen, treatment of necrotic tissue and healing process and treatment of enzymatic debridement.

(95) C. histolyticum culture supernatant, as well as collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases, mainly collagenases, produced according to the process described in this invention does not exhibit toxicity, as observed by cytotoxicity and dermal toxicity studies.

(96) The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit its scope.

(97) Examples 1-4 demonstrate the preparation of animal product-free culture media, according to the present invention, and C. histolyticum growth and production of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases. Results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the animal product-free culture medium to provide C. histolyticum growth in comparison with standard culture medium, even without arginine in its composition (FIGS. 1 and 2). The importance of the yeast extract in the culture medium can be observed in FIG. 3, and the preferred pH range for C. histolyticum growth is exemplified in FIG. 4. FIGS. 5 and 6 clearly demonstrate that supplementing the animal product-free medium with vitamin and inorganic salts yields no improvement in cell growth or in protein expression. However, the addition of arginine in the animal product-free culture medium proposed herein is critical for increasing protease expression (yielding a supernatant with higher collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activities), as demonstrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. Evidence of the importance of arginine and cysteine for producing collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases in the animal product-free culture medium is shown in FIG. 9.

(98) Moreover, the examples cited above clearly portray the quality of the supernatant obtained by culturing C. histolyticum in the animal product-free medium of the present invention. The quality of the supernatant is demonstrated by the prevailing concentration of high molecular weight proteases, which is associated with the C. histolyticum collagenases, whose enzymatic activity is also demonstrated.

(99) Example 5 shows the results of bioreactor (3 L) cultures with the animal product-free culture medium described in the present invention. FIG. 10 shows the results of a culture using an animal product-free culture medium without arginine, demonstrating the importance of this amino acid to the protease production (FIG. 11). FIG. 12 shows a comparative graph between animal product-free culture media with and without arginine. The parameters considered in this analysis were bacterial growth rate and enzyme production.

(100) Example 6 describes a recovery process to the collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases from the supernatant of C. histolyticum culture in animal product-free medium described in the present invention. The supernatant obtained does not have precipitates, facilitating its manipulation. The results of the collagenolytic enzymes recovery by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, followed by dialysis and lyophilization are shown (FIG. 13).

(101) Example 7 presents a pharmaceutical composition for topical use comprising a supernatant of C. histolyticum animal product-free liquid culture. The stability of the compositions is also described, demonstrating the quality of the product obtained by the described fermentative process and defining one more advantage of the present invention.

(102) Example 8 describes repeated dose dermal toxicity (21 days) in rats (male and female), demonstrating the absence of toxicity of the pharmaceutical compositions prepared with collagenolytic enzymes obtained through tangential filtration and lyophilization of the supernatant of C. histolyticum animal product-free liquid culture, according to the present invention. The absence of toxicity of the pharmaceutical compositions emphasizes the quality of the enzymatic profile of the supernatant of C. histolyticum animal product-free liquid cultures, according to the present invention.

(103) Example 9 shows the results from cultures of two C. histolyticum strains, ATCC21000 and T248, in a 3 L bioreactor using animal product-free medium as described in the present invention. FIG. 14 shows the comparative results, demonstrating an equivalent production of colagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases by both strains.

(104) Example 10 shows the cytotoxicity test of the colagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases obtained from the supernatant of liquid cultures of the two C. histolyticum strains (ATCC 21000 and T248) in animal product-free culture medium.

EXAMPLES

(105) The examples below are merely illustrative, and must be applied solely for a better understanding the present invention.

(106) C. histolyticum strains may be obtained from several sources, including the American Type of Culture Collections (ATCC). Several Clostridium histolyticum strains have already been applied with the intent of obtain collagenase; hence the present invention does not limit itself only to the strain utilized in the examples below.

(107) The ATCC 21000 [non-mobile mutant of a mobile wild-type strain, isolated from soil (ATCC 21000™)] Clostridium histolyticum strain was used in almost all examples presented herein. The reason for such is due to the fact that this strain is known for yielding high amounts of good quality collagenolytic and gelatinolytic enzymes. The culture medium advised by ATCC for its propagation includes animal derived peptones, inorganic salts and leaver digest (culture medium Reinforced Clostridial Medium—RCM—Oxoid CM149, pH 8.0; anaerobic conditions).

(108) In addition, Examples 9 and 10 show the results of cultures using animal product-free medium as described herein for the T248 Clostridium histolyticum strain, isolated from a superficial sample of soil (Espirito Santo do Pinhal/SP, Brazil). The T248 strain was characterized morphologically (gram positive spore—forming bacillus), biochemically (facultative anaerobic, which degrades gelatins) and genetically (tpi gene, ribosomal 16S and 23S), with the complete sequencing of ColG and ColH genes, exclusive to C. histolyticum strains encoding collagenase class I and II. The strain was also characterized phylogenetically using 16S-23S intergenic region sequences.

Example 1. Process for Producing Standard and Animal Product-Free Culture Media for Clostridium histolyticum

(109) The standard or conventional culture medium was prepared using the following ingredients (grams or milligrams per liter of medium): Proteose peptone n. 3 or casein peptone (20 g); yeast extract (5 g); glucose (5 g); sodium thioglycolate (250 mg), pH 7.0 (adjusted with 5M NaOH).

(110) The animal product-free culture medium was prepared using the following ingredients (grams or milligrams per liter of medium): vegetable derived peptone (10-40 g); yeast extract (0-30 g); cysteine hydrochloride (625 mg), pH 7.0 (adjusted with 5M NaOH).

(111) All components, except glucose which is present only in the standard medium, were dissolved in water and the pH was adjusted to 7.0 using 5M NaOH. The medium was then sterilized in autoclave at 121° C. for 20 minutes. A glucose solution was prepared separately, sterilized by filtration and then added to the standard medium only at the time of culture.

(112) Several suppliers and concentrations of vegetable derived peptones and yeast extract were evaluated in the composition of the animal product-free culture medium described above.

(113) Moreover, the influence of different pH's, range from 6.5 to 8.5, in the animal product-free culture medium (3% w/v NZ soy BL4, 3% w/v YE251 e 0.0625% w/v cysteine hydrochloride) was also investigated.

Example 2. C. histolyticum Growth in Animal Product-Free Culture Media and Standard Culture Medium, as Defined in Example 1

(114) Initially, the frozen stock culture of Clostridium histolyticum (100 μL) was suspended in 1 mL of culture media (standard or animal product-free culture medium, as described in Example 1, and after, filled with the respective culture media to reach the 10 mL final volume (culture denominated as inoculum). Tubes containing the inoculum were incubated at 37° C., in anaerobiosis, for approximately 16 hours.

(115) After this period, 3 mL of the inoculum were incubated in 250 mL flasks containing 150 mL of the respective C. histolyticum culture media. The culture was then maintained at 37° C. for 12-14 hours under anaerobic conditions (N.sub.2 addition). All the analyses presented were carried out at the end of the 12-14 hours interval. Bacterial growth was determined through analysis of optical density—OD—using a spectrophotometer with a set wavelength of 600 nm.

(116) FIG. 1 shows the OD (optical density) results for C. histolyticum (ATCC 21000) growth in animal product-free culture medium comprising vegetable derived peptone (3% w/v) and yeast extract (3% w/v) from different suppliers. The evaluated suppliers display similar results of bacterial growth. In FIG. 1 it is clearly observed a significant increase in the OD measured when animal product-free culture medium was used, indicating higher bacterial growth rate when compared to the standard medium (with animal derived peptones; Vetec+Casein). All animal product-free culture media represented in FIG. 1 contain 625 mg/L of cysteine hydrochloride and pH of approximately 7.0.

(117) The growth rate of C. histolyticum when subjected to animal product-free culture medium with diverse concentrations of vegetable peptones (Hy-pep 1511; 1-3% w/v) and yeast extract (YE 251; 0-3% w/v) is presented in FIG. 2. All animal product-free culture media represented in FIG. 2 contain 625 mg/L of cysteine hydrochloride and pH of approximately 7.0. Some variation in the C. histolyticum growth rate is observed among these animal product-free culture media. However, the OD values reached are always superior to those obtained when culturing C. histolyticum in a standard medium (with animal derived peptone).

(118) The importance of the yeast extract in the composition of the animal product-free culture medium is demonstrated in FIG. 3 (animal product-free culture media comprising 0, 1, or 3% of yeast extract). It can be observed that the absence of yeast extract in the animal product-free culture medium inhibits the bacterial growth as well as collagenolytic and gelatinolytic protease production, even with an increase amount of vegetable peptone (3 and 4% w/v concentrations of vegetable derived peptone). All animal product-free culture media represented in FIG. 3 contain 625 mg/L of cysteine hydrochloride and pH of approximately 7.0. The evaluation of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity was carried out as described in Example 4.

(119) FIG. 4 represents the results of bacterial growth obtained of C. histolyticum in growth medium with pH ranging from 6.5 to 8.5. In the pH range evaluated, only the most basic pH (pH 8.5) negatively influenced the bacterial growth.

Example 3. Production of Animal Product-Free and Standard Culture Medium for Producing a Supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum Comprising Collagenolytic and Gelatinolytic Proteases

(120) The standard (conventional) culture media were prepared according to Example 1.

(121) The animal product-free culture medium of the present invention was prepared using the following ingredients (grams per liter): vegetable derived peptone (30 g); yeast extract (30 g); cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g); arginine hydrochloride (3.75 g) and pH 7.0 (adjusted with 5M NaOH).

(122) Experiments to demonstrate the surprising effect of the animal product-free culture medium for C. histolyticum described in the present invention were carried out with five different types of culture media, which comprise the following ingredients: Medium 1: soy peptone (30 g; NZ-Soy BL4®); yeast extract (30 g; YE 251°); cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g), pH 7.0 (adjusted with 5M NaOH). Medium 2: soy peptone (30 g; NZ-Soy BL4®); yeast extract (30 g; YE 251°); cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g), pH 7.0 (adjusted with 5M NaOH) and additional salts and/or, vitamins and/or amino acids (described in FIG. 5). Medium 3: soy peptone (30 g; NZ-Soy BL4®); yeast extract (30 g; YE 251°); cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g), pH 7.0 (adjusted with 5M NaOH) and additional amino acids (Groups 1 to 6, described in FIG. 9). Medium 4: soy peptone (30 g; NZ-Soy BL4®); yeast extract (30 g; YE 251°); cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g), pH 7.0 (adjusted with 5M NaOH) and additionally glycine and/or arginine. Medium 5: soy peptone (30 g; NZ-Soy BL4®); yeast extract (30 g; YE 251°); cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g); arginine hydrochloride (3.75 g), pH 7.0 (adjusted with 5M NaOH) and additional inorganic salts and vitamins (described in FIG. 6).

(123) Different vegetable derived peptones suppliers were evaluated to C. histolyticum collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases production, showing similar results to NZ-Soy BL4®. In the same way, different yeast extracts suppliers showed similar results to those obtained with YE 251° used in the animal product-free culture media.

(124) The vegetable derived peptones and yeast extracts suitable to provide the animal product-free culture medium are not limited to the ones used in the examples of the present invention. Vegetable peptones and yeast extracts that demonstrate good solubility in water can be used in the preparation of the culture medium for C. histolyticum according to the present invention, since they are animal product-free.

(125) After solubilizing all components of the animal product-free culture medium in water, as described above, and adjusting the pH to 7.0 (5M NaOH), the culture medium was sterilized in autoclave at 121° C. for 20 minutes.

Example 4. Production of a Supernatant of Clostridium Histolyticum Liquid Culture Comprising One or More Collagenolytic and Gelatinolytic Proteases in the Animal Product-Free Culture Medium Defined in Example 3 and Standard Culture Medium Defined in Example 1

(126) C. histolyticum culture in an animal product-free culture medium was carried out as described in Example 2. The culture media evaluated are described in Example 3 (media 1 to 5).

(127) After 12-14 hours of C. histolyticum culture in the animal product-free culture media described in Example 3, the bacteria cells were centrifuged and the collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of the proteases from the culture supernatant was quantified. Eight milliliters (8 mL) of the bacterial cultures were centrifuged at 500 rpm for 30 minutes at 4° C. for the removal of insoluble material (cells, cell debris, precipitate, among others).

(128) The protein profile of the supernatant was evaluated by SDS PAGE 7.5% gel electrophoresis (7.5%) under non-reducing conditions (silver stained). The enzymatic activity profile (non-specific) was evaluated through SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis comprising 10% of gelatin and stained with Coomassie blue (zymography). Both methodologies are broadly known by those skilled in the art.

(129) The collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of the supernatants was quantified through EnzChek® Gelatinase/Collagenase Assay Kit (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen). Assays were carried out in microplates according to manufacturer instructions, using gelatin and/or collagen fluorescein conjugated as substrate. Fluorescence determinations were made using a fluorescence reader. Briefly, 100 μL of the centrifuged culture supernatant were mixed to the substrate diluted in the incubation buffer prepared according to the manufacturer instructions. Samples were incubated at 37° C. for 15 minutes and the fluorescence was determined at 515 nm wavelength using a fluorescence microplate reader. As a negative control, a sterile culture medium was used. As a positive control, it was used a Collagenase reagent provided with the kit and prepared according to manufacturer instructions.

(130) Bacterial growth was determined by optical density—OD—using a spectrophotometer at 600 nm wavelength.

(131) Initially, the animal product-free culture medium (medium 2; comprising vegetable peptone, yeast extract and cysteine) supplemented with vitamins, inorganic salts and amino acids was evaluated. This experiment demonstrated a small influence of these additives in cell growth as well as collagenolytic and gelatinolytic protease production by Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture (FIG. 5). Medium 1 was used as a control for this assay.

(132) The addition of vitamins, inorganic salts and amino acids to the animal product-free culture medium described as medium 5 (comprising vegetable peptone, cysteine and arginine) also resulted in a small variation of the biomass (OD) and collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of the culture supernatant (FIG. 6), confirming that such vitamin and salt supplementation is optional to the culture medium of the present invention.

(133) Qualitative variations (different suppliers) of the vegetable derived peptone and yeast extract components were also evaluated (Medium 1 comprising vegetable peptone, yeast extract and cysteine) regarding the collagenolytic and gelatinolytic supernatant production of a C. histolyticum culture. FIG. 7 shows that the results of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activities obtained for these cultures are of the same magnitude as the results obtained for the C. histolyticum culture in standard medium (with animal peptone). Thus, there is a need of an additional ingredient to the culture medium in order to obtain increased collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity in the supernatant of the C. histolyticum liquid culture, which has been solved by the present invention culture medium.

(134) Surprisingly, animal product-free C. histolyticum culture with cysteine and arginine amino acids (culture medium 4) results in a supernatant with significantly higher collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity than the supernatant obtained when using animal product-free culture medium containing only the amino acid cysteine (Medium 1, used as a control of this assay; FIG. 8). Such effect is due to arginine since the addition of another amino acid, for instance glycine, leads to reduction of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity observed.

(135) FIG. 9 shows results of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity and OD (600 nm) observed in C. histolyticum culture in medium 3 (animal product-free culture medium comprising cysteine and amino acid groups). As a control, a culture using medium 1 was carried out (animal product-free culture medium containing only the amino acid cysteine). It can be observed that no amino acid or amino acid combination added to the culture medium other than cysteine and arginine was able to increase collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity in the supernatant of C. histolyticum liquid culture (FIG. 8).

(136) Additionally, it can be observed that 14 hours of fermentation are enough to obtain the collagenolytic and gelatinolytic enzymes in suitable levels for industrial production. This is a shorter culture process when compared with the ones generally applied, an industrial advantage of the process described in the present invention.

Example 5. Production of a Supernatant of Clostridium Histolyticum Liquid Culture Comprising One or More Collagenolytic and Gelatinolytic Proteases in Animal Product-Free Culture Medium—Bioreactor Culture

(137) Initially, the frozen stock culture of Clostridium histolyticum (100 μL) was suspended in 1 mL of animal product-free culture medium (medium 1, as defined below), and then filler with the respective culture medium to the final volume of 10 mL (culture denominated as pre-inoculum). Tubes containing the pre-inoculums were incubated at 37° C. under anaerobic conditions for approximately 16 hours. After this period, 3 mL of the aforesaid pre-inoculum was then incubated in 250 mL flasks containing 150 mL of the respective C. histolyticum culture medium. This was denominated inoculum, and it was maintained at 37° C. during 12-14 hours under anaerobic conditions (attained through the addition of nitrogen gas).

(138) 60 mL of the inoculum were transferred to 3 L of C. histolyticum culture medium in a bioreactor (New Brunswick) and cultured at 37° C. under anaerobic conditions (nitrogen gas addition). The pH was monitored and controlled during the entire fermentation process being maintained in a range of 6.5 and 8.0. Such maintenance was achieved through the addition of 5M NH.sub.4OH or 2M H.sub.2SO.sub.4. The culture was maintained for about 14 hours, period in which culture has reached its stationary growth phase for at least 2 hours.

(139) Two culture media were evaluated, and their composition is as described below (grams per liter): Medium 1: soy peptone (30 g; NZ-Soy BL4®); yeast extract (30 g YE 251°); cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g) and pH 7.0 (adjusted with 5 M NH.sub.4OH after sterilization). Medium 6: soy peptone (30 g; NZ-Soy BL4®); yeast extract (30 g YE 251°); cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g), arginine hydrochloride (3.75 g) and pH 7.0 (adjusted with 5 M NH.sub.4OH after sterilization).

(140) The process for obtaining a C. histolyticum culture supernatant with collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activities according to the present invention is detailed below.

(141) 1—Cell bank preparation: a cell bank was prepared using isolated ATCC 21000 colonies from agar plates (a culture medium of: soy peptone, yeast extract and agar). Colonies with apparent higher cell growth were isolated and inoculated in a liquid cell bank medium containing the same ingredients as the solid medium, with the exception of agar. In order to preserve the cells during freeze and thaw, thus maintaining its viability, 10% sterile glycerol was added to the C. histolyticum liquid culture. This liquid culture was then fractionated into cryotubes and frozen at −80° C. for future use, such conditions allows the stock cultures to be used for at least 1 year without losing cell viability.

(142) 2 Growth phase (pre-inoculum and inoculum preparation): a cell bank aliquot was rapidly thawed at room temperature; a 100 μL aliquot was transferred to 1 mL of an animal product-free culture medium (Medium 1), to which 9 mL of the same medium was added for bacterial growth at 37° C. under anaerobic conditions for about 16 hours (pre-inoculum). Subsequently, the pre-inoculum was used to generate the inoculum as described previously.

(143) 3—Fermentation phase (production of supernatant of C. histolyticum liquid culture comprising collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases): 60 mL of the inoculum were transferred to a bioreactor containing 3 L of animal product-free culture medium (pH 7.0, Medium 1) and maintained at 37° C. for about 14 hours under anaerobic conditions (addition of nitrogen gas). During the culture, the pH was controlled by the addition of 5M NH.sub.4OH when the pH reached values lower than 6.5, or 2MH.sub.2SO.sub.4 when the pH reached values higher than 8.0.

(144) The maximum bacterial growth rate and collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases production occurred after 14 hours of bacterial fermentation (FIG. 10).

(145) The same process was carried out using Medium 6 as animal product-free culture medium described at step 3.

(146) Bacterial growth was monitored in intervals of 2 hours through optical density measurements (600 nm) which were performed using a spectrophotometer.

(147) The protein and enzymatic supernatant profile obtained from the C. histolyticum cultures described above were evaluated through SDS PAGE gel electrophoresis (7.5%) under non-reducing conditions and stained with silver nitrate (FIG. 11) and non-reducing SDS-PAGE gel comprising 10% gelatin and stained with Coomassie blue (FIGS. 10 and 11; zymography).

(148) 4—Supernatant of C. histolyticum liquid culture production and recovery of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases: In order to obtain the liquid culture supernatant and recover the collagenolytic and gelatinolytic enzymes, the procedures described in Example 4 (centrifugation) or Example (saline precipitation followed by dialysis and lyophilization) were performed or tangential flow filtration (5 KDa pore size) followed by lyophilization as presented below (Example 7). The collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activities of the supernatant were monitored through fluorimetric assays according to the detailed description presented in Example 4 (FIGS. 10 and 11).

(149) The results (OD, enzymatic activity and zymography) of two fermentative processes carried out in culture Medium 1 (Medium 1) are demonstrated in FIG. 10.

(150) FIG. 11 shows the results (OD, enzymatic activity, SDS-PAGE gel/silver stained and zymography) of a fermentative process carried out in Medium 6. It can be observed in FIG. 11, a bacterial growth curve similar to that obtained when the fermentation took place in a bioreactor using medium 1 (comprising cysteine only, FIG. 10). However and surprisingly, it can also be observed a significantly higher collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity, showing that the addition of arginine to the animal product-free culture medium influences the increase of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic enzymes production in C. histolyticum cultures (activity in U/mL).

(151) FIG. 12 shows the comparison of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity (mU/mL) and optical density (OD 600 nm) between cultures with Medium 1 (containing only amino acid cysteine) and with Medium 6 (containing cysteine and arginine), clearly showing an average increase of 30% in the collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of the culture supernatant. Additionally, the predominance of high molecular weight proteins, identified here as being collagenases, in the SDS-PAGE gels (silver stained and zymography, FIGS. 10 and 11), demonstrate the quality of the supernatants obtained from the C. histolyticum cultures of the present invention.

Example 6. Recovery of Collagenolytic and Gelatinolytic Proteases from a C. histolyticum Liquid Culture Supernatant in an Animal Product-Free Culture Medium

(152) The supernatant comprising the collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases was obtained through C. histolyticum culture according to Example 5, using Medium 6 (comprising cysteine and arginine) in step 3.

(153) In order to recover the collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases from C. histolyticum liquid culture supernatant, 243.73 g of (NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4 was added to 500 mL of supernatant, the mixture was then shaken and stored in a freezer for 2 h (saline precipitation stage). Subsequently, the mixture was centrifuged at a speed of 8500 rpm for 30 min at 4° C. The material, obtained after the saline precipitation and centrifugation, was resuspended in 12.0 mL of 2 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, and then submitted to dialysis with 2 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2. Before freezing and lyophilization, the samples were submitted to three buffer exchange. Lyophilization was carried out for at least 18 h. The lyophilized material was then collected for analysis and characterization via 7.5% SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions and silver staining (FIG. 13). The excellent quality and high stability of the supernatant and proteases obtained from C. histolyticum culture according to the present invention are demonstrated by the results from SDS-PAGE analysis, which shows a predominant presence of high molecular weight proteins (collagenases), which prevalence is increased after lyophilization (recovery of 90% of the initial supernatant enzymatic activity).

Example 7. Pharmaceutical Composition for Topical Use Comprising C. histolyticum Collagenases—Stability Assays

(154) The pharmaceutical composition used to exemplify the present invention was a dermatological ointment comprising:

(155) TABLE-US-00006 Quantity/g Ingredient Formulation 1 Formulation 2 Formulation 3 Collagenase   0.2 U   0.6 U   1.8 U Liquid 0.0188 mL 0.0188 mL 0.0188 mL vaseline - mineral oil Solid 0.9846 g 0.9846 g 0.9846 g vaseline - MBK

(156) The specific collagenase activity was determined by enzymatic hydrolysis of a synthetic substrate (Carbobenzoxy-Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ala), through colorimetric ninhydrin assay. An enzyme unit is defined as being responsible for the release of 1 μmol of Gly-Pro-Ala from Z-Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ala hexapeptide in 1 minute at 37° C.

(157) The pharmaceutical composition was prepared through the dispersion and homogenization of the lyophilized component (equivalent amount of the specific collagenase activity equal to 0.2 U, 0.6 U and 1.8 U/g of formulation), obtained according to Example 5 (lyophilized component of the supernatant obtained through a culture using Medium 6 after tangential flow filtration), in the other excipients. The 0.6 U/g dose is considered a therapeutic dose proper for human use.

(158) The stability study was carried out with formulation 2 described above, stored in aluminum tubes containing 30 g. The performed tests, specification and observed results are described in Tables 3 and 4. All tests were performed in stability chambers.

(159) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 3 Long term stability: 30° C. ± 2° C., 75% ± 5% UR (Relative Humidity). ANALYSIS PERIODS TEST SPECIFICATION INITIAL 3 months 6 months ASPECT SOFT OINTMENT FREE FROM IN ACCORDANCE IN ACCORDANCE IN ACCORDANCE FOREIGN PARTICLES AND LUMPS COLOR WHITE TO LIGHT BROWN IN ACCORDANCE IN ACCORDANCE IN ACCORDANCE ODOR DISTINCTIVE IN ACCORDANCE IN ACCORDANCE IN ACCORDANCE COLLAGENASE BETWEEN 90.0-120.0% 106.5% 103.3% 107.4% CONTENT 0.54-0.72 U/g 0.64 U/g 0.62 U/g 0.64 U/g

(160) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 4 Accelerated stability: 40° C. ± 2° C., 75% ± 5% UR (Relative Humidity). ANALYSIS PERIODS TEST SPECIFICATION INITIAL 3 months 6 months ASPECT SOFT OINTMENT FREE FROM IN ACCORDANCE IN ACCORDANCE IN ACCORDANCE FOREIGN PARTICLES AND LUMPS COLOR WHITE TO LIGHT BROWN IN ACCORDANCE IN ACCORDANCE IN ACCORDANCE ODOR DISTINCTIVE IN ACCORDANCE IN ACCORDANCE IN ACCORDANCE COLLAGENASE BETWEEN 90.0-120.0% 106.5% 104.5% 109% CONTENT 0.54-0.72 U/g 0.64 U/g 0.63 U/g 0.65 U/g

(161) Maintenance of the initial product characteristics is observed in both evaluated conditions, confirming the quality of the product obtained from the supernatant of Clostridium histolyticum liquid culture described in the present invention (Medium 6, comprising cysteine and arginine).

Example 8. Pharmaceutical Composition for Topical Use Comprising C. histolyticum Collagenases—Toxicity

(162) The pharmaceutical compositions used to exemplify the present invention are the same used to perform the stability assays described above (Example 7).

(163) A repeated dose dermal toxicity test was performed (21 days) on rats scarified skin with the pharmaceutical compositions according to Example 7 (active ingredient: lyophilized with specific Collagenase activity of 0.2 U/g, 0.6 U/g and 1.8 U/g). As a test control, it was used a placebo composition, prepared according to Example 7, however, without adding the active ingredient.

(164) The test, based on the OECD 410 Guideline, consisted of surgically provoking an injury using a 4 mm sterile punch at the center of the dorsal median line on the first day of application (dorsal area hair removed by an epilator device). The topical application of the composition (0.425 g; compositions containing 0.2 U/g, 0.6 U/g and 1.8 U/g of collagenase) was done once-a-day for 21 days with a spatula, in an area equivalent to 30-40 cm.sup.2 inside and around the injury. This was performed in three groups of Rattus norvegicus (albine variety, Wistar strain), each group with 10 rats, 5 males and 5 nulliparous and non-pregnant females.

(165) The application site was preserved with gauze and a non-irritating tape for about 24 hours after the application.

(166) In parallel, a placebo was applied (Collagenase Placebo) to a control group composed of 10 rats, 5 males and 5 females. Additionally, two satellite groups were formed (each group contains 10 rats, 5 males and 5 females), one evaluated with the highest dose (1.8 U/g) of the test composition and another with the control composition (Collagenase Placebo).

(167) They were also treated for 21 days and monitored for 14 days after the final period of exposure, with the intent of verifying reversibility, persistence or late effects of exposure to the test substance.

(168) The following parameters were daily observed after each application:

(169) 1. Changes in hair and skin.

(170) 2. Changes in the eyes and mucous membranes.

(171) 3. Changes in breathing and circulation.

(172) 4. Changes in the Autonomous and Central Nervous System.

(173) 5. Changes in somatic-motor activity and standard behavior.

(174) 6. Other changes like trembling, seizure, salivation, diarrhea, lethargy, sleepiness and coma.

(175) The weight (Table 5) and water and food intake were recorded weekly. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected for hematological analysis (hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocytes count, red blood cell indexes calculation, total and differential leukocyte, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and platelets count—Table 6) and biochemical (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, triglycerides, albumin, creatinine, urea, total protein, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, cholesterol, and glycemia—Table 7). Later, the animals were submitted to euthanasia and necropsy (Table 8). Tissue samples were forwarded to histopathological analysis.

(176) The application of repeated doses (21 days) of the described pharmaceutical composition, in all evaluated doses, did not induce death or changes in clinical parameters such as body weight, food and water intake, hematological, biochemical and/or anatomopathological parameters. Thus, the obtained results demonstrated that the dermal application of the pharmaceutical composition comprising the lyophilized component (0.2 U, 0.6 U and 1.8 U/g formulation) obtained according to Example 5 (lyophilized component obtained from C. histolyticum supernatant after tangential flow filtration procedure) over a period of 21 days was well tolerated and did not provoke changes possibly related to toxicity in Rattus novergicus. It was surprisingly observed that even with a therapeutic dose three-times higher than that considered for humans, the composition described in the present invention does not show signs of toxicity in rats. Table 5. Body weight (male and female rats). Repeated dose dermal toxicity test (21 days) on rats of topical compositions comprising purified and lyophilized supernatant of C. histolyticum culture (ATCC 21000) using an animal product-free culture medium comprising soy peptone (30 g/L), yeast extract (30 g/L), cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g/L) and arginine hydrochloride (3.75 g/L). Control composition: only with excipients.

(177) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 5 Body weight (male and female rats). Repeated dose dermal toxicity test (21 days) on rats of topical compositions comprising purified and lyophilized supernatant of C. histolyticum culture (ATCC 21000) using an animal product-free culture medium comprising soy peptone (30 g/L), yeast extract (30 g/L), cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g/L) and arginine hydrochloride (3.75 g/L). Control composition: only with excipients. Groups - males 0.2 U/g 0.6 U/g 1.8 U/g WEEKS MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n 0 296.40 22.56 5 302.12 26.92 5 306.56 13.94 5 1 279.14 17.93 5 282.68 28.46 5 292.72 19.68 5 2 283.04 17.54 5 277.10 15.17 5 301.68 15.09 5 3 280.94 19.34 5 273.42 18.43 5 291.20 20.19 5 4 5 Control Satellite-Control 1.8 U/g-Satellite WEEKS MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n 0 298.68 14.04 5 284.00 39.46 5 311.18 18.05 5 1 279.42 15.00 5 285.16 15.10 5 292.58 15.10 5 2 287.22 19.90 5 293.60 17.76 5 295.92 14.75 5 3 278.96 16.01 5 298.08 16.36 5 300.94 15.77 5 4 328.12 9.95 5 335.12 21.56 5 5 324.26 9.24 5 338.34 17.92 5 Groups - females 0.2 U/g 0.6 U/g 1.8 U/g WEEKS MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D. n 0 252.20 21.28 5 221.00 7.89 5 238.86 14.88 5 1 238.02 21.38 5 215.14 15.93 5 226.60 10.31 5 2 247.14 21.54 5 218.36 10.92 5 236.10 12.05 5 3 244.42 15.77 5 212.62 12.20 5 240.98 12.59 5 4 5 Control Satellite-Control 1.8 U/g-Satellite WEEKS MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D. n 0 230.56 19.88 5 252.72 32.44 5 234.16 8.57 5 1 223.60 9.98 5 228.32 11.05 5 226.70 9.75 5 2 235.72 15.04 5 238.44 7.61 5 227.64 8.16 5 3 225.42 13.91 5 247.70 15.98 5 242.98 11.99 5 4 258.32 12.35 5 256.58 9.85 5 5 247.16 6.91 5 247.12 7.71 5
Table 6. Hematological analysis (male and female rats). Repeated dose dermal toxicity test (21 days) on rats of topical compositions comprising purified and lyophilized supernatant of C. histolyticum culture (ATCC 21000) using an animal product-free culture medium comprising soy peptone (30 g/L), yeast extract (30 g/L), cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g/L) and arginine hydrochloride (3.75 g/L). Control composition: only with excipients.

(178) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 6 Hematological analysis (male and female rats). Repeated dose dermal toxicity test (21 days) on rats of topical compositions comprising purified and lyophilized supernatant of C. histolyticum culture (ATCC 21000) using an animal product-free culture medium comprising soy peptone (30 g/L), yeast extract (30 g/L), cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g/L) and arginine hydrochloride (3.75 g/L). Control composition: only with excipients. Groups - males 0.2 U/g 0.6 U/g 1.8 U/g MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n Erythrocyte 9.68 0.50 5 9.46 0.17 5 9.26 0.53 5 mm.sup.3 Hematocrit 54.20 2.17 6 53.20 0.84 5 53.00 2.12 5 % Hemoglobin 19.06 0.61 5 18.62 0.37 5 18.62 1.03 6 g/dL MCV fL 56.02 1.01 5 56.25 1.50 5 57.31 2.18 5 MCH Pg 19.71 0.60 5 19.69 0.64 5 20.11 0.32 6 MCHC mg/dL 35.18 0.69 5 35.00 0.74 5 35.12 0.93 5 Leucocyte 6060.00 1145.86 5 6700.00 1208.30 5 6140.00 1335.29 5 mm.sup.3 Segmented 2017.00 780.36 5 1910.00 661.28 5 1698.20 659.76 6 mm.sup.3 Eosinophil 59.60 36.16 5 28.00 38.66 5 43.80 66.46 5 mm.sup.3 Lymphocyte 3864.00 842.49 5 4651.80 711.06 5 4292.80 860.02 5 mm.sup.3 Monocyte 119.40 38.86 5 125.60 56.70 6 105.20 76.67 5 mm.sup.3 Platelets 1164600.0 111428.5 5 1276200.0 174246.1 5 1207800.0 207705.8 5 mm.sup.3 P T Seg 8.00 0.00 5 8.20 0.45 5 8.60 0.55 5 Pa T T Seg 29.80 1.10 5 30.20 0.84 6 30.40 1.14 5 Control Satellite-Control 1.8 U/g-Satellite MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n Erythrocyte 9.32 0.26 5 9.34 0.34 5 9.30 0.20 6 mm.sup.3 Hematocrit 51.60 1.52 5 51.40 2.61 6 52.00 2.74 5 % Hemoglobin 17.88 0.55 5 18.30 0.62 6 18.26 1.04 5 g/dL MCV fL 55.38 1.39 5 55.03 1.80 5 55.89 2.00 5 MCH Pg 19.18 0.26 5 19.60 0.45 6 19.62 0.74 5 MCHC mg/dL 34.66 0.72 5 35.63 0.70 5 35.12 0.70 5 Leucocyte 5900.00 1449.14 5 5520.00 884.31 6 6360.00 1099.09 5 mm.sup.3 Segmented 1824.20 986.49 5 1262.80 408.65 6 1712.40 659.01 5 mm.sup.3 Eosinophil 38.00 36.99 5 61.80 48.48 5 28.40 39.12 5 mm.sup.3 Lymphocyte 3946.60 661.89 6 4130.20 731.73 5 4593.20 1082.69 6 mm.sup.3 Monocyte 91.20 30.55 5 77.00 30.67 6 26.00 36.60 5 mm.sup.3 Platelets 1078000.0 112712.0 5 983400.0 91971.73 5 1142600.0 210515.6 5 mm.sup.3 P T Seg 8.00 0.00 4 8.00 0.00 6 8.60 0.55 5 Pa T T Seg 29.50 0.58 4 28.20 1.30 6 28.60 1.14 5 Group - females 0.2 U/g 0.6 U/g 1.8 U/g MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n Erythrocyte 8.14 0.46 5 8.32 0.55 5 7.80 0.42 5 mm.sup.3 Hematocrit % 49.00 1.41 5 49.40 2.70 5 47.00 1.22 5 Hemoglobin 17.10 0.66 5 16.80 0.93 5 16.18 0.76 5 g/dL MCV fL 60.28 1.86 5 59.44 2.32 6 60.39 3.44 5 MCH Pg 21.04 0.98 5 20.21 0.50 6 20.77 0.93 5 MCHC mg/dL 34.90 0.94 6 34.02 0.86 5 34.42 1.28 6 Leucocyte mm.sup.3 4860.00 1062.07 6 4880.00 846.76 5 5020.00 1551.45 6 Segmented 1364.80 402.06 5 1123.00 332.24 5 1328.00 437.38 5 mm.sup.3 Eosinophil 52.20 45.37 5 12.40 27.73 6 9.40 21.0 5 mm.sup.3 Lymphocyte 3382.00 693.01 5 3659.00 646.94 6 3625.80 1134.61 5 mm.sup.3 Monocyte 61.00 36.01 5 85.60 34.67 5 56.80 13.22 5 mm.sup.3 Platelets mm.sup.3 1132400 222246.0 5 1114600.0 91876.55 5 1011000.0 148403.2 5 P T Seg 8.40 0.89 5 8.00 0.00 5 8.40 0.89 5 Pa T T Seg 30.60 1.14 6 30.00 0.71 5 30.00 0.71 6 Control Satellite-Control 1.8 U/g-Satellite MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n MEAN S.D n Erythrocyte 8.36 0.61 5 8.76 0.41 5 8.60 0.42 6 mm.sup.3 Hematocrit % 48.20 1.48 5 50.40 2.07 6 49.00 0.71 5 Hemoglobin 17.04 0.44 5 17.82 1.07 6 17.62 0.50 5 g/dL MCV fL 57.82 3.12 5 57.55 0.96 6 57.10 3.21 5 MCH Pg 20.45 1.31 6 20.33 0.43 5 20.54 1.35 6 MCHC mg/dL 35.36 0.71 5 35.34 1.04 5 35.96 0.85 5 Leucocyte mm.sup.3 5180.0 1377.32 5 4440.00 1078.42 6 5280.00 1637.68 5 Segmented 1386.0 450.85 5 815.60 439.77 6 995.60 415.46 5 mm.sup.3 Eosinophil 27.60 26.14 5 65.20 67.48 6 43.00 29.01 5 mm.sup.3 Lymphocyte 3661.6 996.95 5 3497.20 783.17 6 4127.20 1452.48 5 mm.sup.3 Monocyte 104.8 95.46 5 62.00 44.32 5 114.20 71.51 6 mm.sup.3 Platelets mm.sup.3 1050600 200655.9 5 1002000.0 86743.88 5 1028400.0 33080.21 5 P T Seg 8.20 0.45 5 8.20 0.84 6 8.40 0.55 5 Pa T T Seg 30.00 0.00 5 28.60 0.56 6 29.00 1.00 5
Table 7. Biochemical analysis (male and female rats). Repeated dose dermal toxicity test (21 days) on rats of topical compositions comprising purified and lyophilized supernatant of C. histolyticum culture (ATCC 21000) using an animal product-free culture medium comprising soy peptone (30 g/L), yeast extract (30 g/L), cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g/L) and arginine hydrochloride (3.75 g/L). Control composition: only with excipients.

(179) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 7 Biochemcial analysis (male and female rats). Repeated dose dermal toxicity test (21 days) on rats of topical composition comprising purified and lyophilized supernatant of C. histolysticum culture (ATCC 21000) using an animal product-free culture medium comprising soy peptone (30 g/L), yeast extract (30 g/L), cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g/L) and arginine hydrochloride (3.75 g/L). Control composition: only with excipients. Groups - males 0.2 U/g 0.6 U/g 1.8 U/g MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n Albumin g/dl 4.58 0.13 5 4.46 0.16 6 4.60 0.25 5 ALT U I/L 67.86 8.03 5 58.92 5.05 5 62.00 8.86 5 AST U I/L 143.66 14.39 5 130.38 18.78 6 138.00 22.03 5 Calcium mg/dl 10.46 0.54 5 10.34 0.46 5 10.68 0.49 5 Total Cholesterol 57.16 2.56 5 64.74 9.64 5 56.74 4.61 5 mg/dl Creatinine mg/dl 0.36 0.05 5 0.32 0.08 5 0.36 0.05 5 Phosphorus mg/dl 7.84 0.65 5 7.44 0.54 6 8.30 0.80 5 Glucose mg/dl 96.00 9.43 5 97.60 12.10 5 93.60 11.28 5 Potassium mEq/L 6.20 0.66 5 5.24 0.49 5 5.88 0.63 5 Total Proteins 5.80 0.19 5 5.74 0.23 6 5.90 0.19 5 g/dl Sodium mEq/L 141.40 3.36 5 142.60 0.89 6 141.20 3.35 5 Triglycerides 39.04 5.66 5 35.86 6.34 5 34.78 6.36 5 mg/dl Urea mg/dl 57.62 8.41 5 60.16 7.49 5 58.56 1.78 5 Control Satellite-Control 1.8 U/g-Satellite MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n Albumin g/dl 4.46 0.13 5 4.70 0.16 5 4.72 0.22 5 ALT U I/L 63.80 16.36 5 53.36 9.38 5 54.14 13.51 5 AST U I/L 155.12 18.16 5 115.00 16.16 5 112.18 30.71 5 Calcium mg/dl 10.38 0.29 5 10.70 0.57 5 10.68 0.25 5 Total Cholesterol 61.72 7.43 5 59.52 6.40 5 69.50 14.49 5 mg/dl Creatinine mg/dl 0.38 0.04 5 0.42 0.04 5 0.36 0.05 5 Phosphorus mg/dl 8.22 0.72 5 7.54 0.77 6 7.88 0.69 5 Glucose mg/dl 88.20 8.29 5 106.80 24.24 5 104.20 7.89 5 Potassium mEq/L 7.00 1.14 5 6.12 0.29 5 6.32 0.32 5 Total Proteins 5.66 0.30 5 6.30 0.16 6 6.42 0.33 5 g/dl Sodium mEq/L 168.00 27.40 5 142.60 1.14 6 141.60 1.82 5 Triglycerides 43.30 7.58 5 57.66 9.18 6 67.49 46.41 5 mg/dl Urea mg/dl 60.86 2.29 5 56.58 6.25 6 56.20 4.26 5 Groups - females 0.2 U/g 0.6 U/g 1.8 U/g MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n Albumin g/dl 4.70 0.17 5 4.44 0.17 5 4.64 0.11 5 ALT U I/L 66.46 15.07 5 69.38 14.48 5 61.56 8.22 5 AST U I/L 160.92 17.67 5 184.06 50.29 5 158.72 26.90 5 Calcium mg/dl 10.80 0.71 5 10.32 0.48 5 10.62 0.35 5 Total Cholesterol 53.68 11.37 5 47.74 8.86 5 48.32 8.44 5 mg/dl Creatinine mg/dl 0.38 0.08 5 0.42 0.08 5 0.30 0.07 5 Phosphorus mg/dl 7.66 1.28 5 8.24 1.75 5 8.06 1.85 5 Glucose mg/dl 90.80 12.38 5 93.60 12.05 5 95.20 20.03 5 Potassium mEq/L 6.04 0.87 5 6.08 1.26 5 7.20 2.07 5 Total Proteins 6.02 0.19 5 5.90 0.07 5 5.96 0.13 5 g/dl Sodium mEq/L 164.40 25.62 5 142.20 1.30 5 166.40 29.07 5 Triglycerides 39.34 7.38 5 33.08 8.88 5 44.84 13.32 5 mg/dl Urea mg/dl 57.42 3.85 5 63.54 7.95 5 57.02 12.79 5 Control Satellite-Control 1.8 U/g-Satellite MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n Albumin g/dl 4.54 0.15 5 5.04 0.29 5 4.84 0.18 5 ALT U I/L 49.04 9.68 5 37.38 5.90 5 41.88 15.63 5 AST U I/L 173.02 28.78 5 97.82 9.16 5 124.84 17.31 5 Calcium mg/dl 10.33 0.34 5 10.64 0.26 5 10.64 0.21 5 Total Cholesterol 39.74 3.50 5 43.70 14.02 5 36.15 7.24 5 mg/dl Creatinine mg/dl 0.36 0.05 5 0.44 0.09 5 0.42 0.04 5 Phosphorus mg/dl 7.70 0.84 5 6.06 0.30 5 7.16 0.48 5 Glucose mg/dl 89.80 13.29 5 110.40 13.46 5 100.40 15.50 5 Potassium mEq/L 5.92 0.33 5 5.60 0.35 5 6.18 0.46 5 Total Proteins 5.76 0.30 5 6.74 0.13 5 6.54 0.23 5 g/dL Sodium mEq/L 141.20 4.44 5 142.60 1.14 5 142.60 0.89 5 Triglycerides 35.14 4.26 5 46.76 11.39 5 45.54 4.70 5 mg/dl Urea mg/dl 56.74 3.94 5 52.90 4.48 5 54.26 4.90 5
Table 8. Organs weight data (male and female rats). Repeated dose dermal toxicity test (21 days) on rats of topical compositions comprising purified and lyophilized supernatant of C. histolyticum culture (ATCC 21000) using an animal product-free culture medium comprising soy peptone (30 g/L), yeast extract (30 g/L), cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g/L) and arginine hydrochloride (3.75 g/L). Control composition: only with excipients.

(180) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 8 Organs weight data (male and female rats). Repeated dose dermal toxicity test (21 days) on rats of topical composition comprising purified and lyophilized supernatant of C. histolysticum culture (ATCC 21000) using an animal product-free culture medium comprising soy peptone (30 g/L), yeast extract (30 g/L), cysteine hydrochloride (0.625 g/L) and arginine hydrochloride (3.75 g/L). Control composition: only with excipients. Groups - males 0.2 U/g 0.6 U/g 1.8 U/g MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n Liver 9.4932 0.7372 5 9.2295 0.7889 5 9.7103 0.9560 5 Absolute (g) Liver 0.0338 0.0022 5 0.0338 0.0023 5 0.0333 0.0010 5 Relative Kidneys 2.4209 0.0849 5 2.2266 0.1520 5 2.4551 0.2097 5 Absolute (g) Kidneys 0.0086 0.0005 5 0.0082 0.0004 5 0.0084 0.0003 5 Relative Adrenal 0.1014 0.0078 5 0.0968 0.0144 5 0.1026 0.0108 5 Absolute (g) Adrenal 0.0004 0.0000 5 0.0004 0.0001 5 0.0004 0.0000 5 Relative Testicles 3.5685 0.2740 5 3.1856 0.3267 5 3.4118 0.0909 5 Absolute. Testicles 0.0127 0.0010 5 0.0116 0.0005 5 0.0118 0.0007 5 Relative Test- 280.94 19.34 5 273.42 18.43 5 291.20 20.19 5 Systems (g) Control Satellite-Control 1.8 U/g-Satellite MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n Liver 9.0665 0.6492 5 10.4859 1.0222 5 11.7093 0.8423 5 Absolute (g) Liver 0.0325 0.0013 5 0.0323 0.0024 5 0.0346 0.0010 5 Relative Kidneys 2.2151 0.0912 6 2.6912 0.2611 5 2.6810 0.2522 5 Absolute (g) Kidneys 0.0080 0.0004 6 0.0083 0.0006 5 0.0079 0.0009 5 Relative Adrenal 0.0919 0.0124 5 0.1212 0.0120 5 0.1168 0.0085 5 Absolute (g) Adrenal 0.0003 0.0000 5 0.0004 0.0000 5 0.0003 0.0000 5 Relative Testicles 3.1967 0.1139 5 3.5597 0.2256 5 3.5676 0.3147 5 Absolute. Testicles 0.0115 0.0007 5 0.0110 0.0007 5 0.0106 0.0011 5 Relative Test- 278.96 16.01 5 324.26 9.24 5 338.34 17.92 5 Systems (g) Groups - females 0.2 U/g 0.6 U/g 1.8 U/g MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n Liver 8.5915 0.4047 5 7.3860 0.8336 5 9.0608 0.1947 5 Absolute (g) Liver 0.0352 0.0017 5 0.0347 0.0028 5 0.0377 0.0015 5 Relative Kidneys 1.9906 0.1441 5 1.7287 0.1963 5 1.9488 0.0750 5 Absolute (g) Kidneys 0.0082 0.0009 5 0.0081 0.0007 5 0.0081 0.0003 5 Relative Adrenal 0.1230 0.0139 5 0.1155 0.0189 5 0.1180 0.0201 5 Absolute (g) Adrenal 0.0005 0.0001 5 0.0005 0.0001 5 0.0005 0.0001 5 Relative Test- 244.42 15.77 5 212.52 12.20 5 240.98 12.59 5 systems (g) Control Satellite-Control 1.8 U/g-Satellite MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n MEAN S.D. n Liver 7.4838 0.3414 6 7.8360 0.3740 5 7.7555 0.5574 5 Absolute (g) Liver 0.0332 0.0007 5 0.0317 0.0010 5 0.0314 0.0018 5 Relative Kidneys 1.8299 0.0613 5 1.9183 0.1122 5 1.9155 0.1215 5 Absolute (g) Kidneys 0.0081 0.0005 6 0.0078 0.0005 5 0.0078 0.0005 5 Relative Adrenal 0.1008 0.0071 6 0.1257 0.0184 5 0.1211 0.0158 5 Absolute (g) Adrenal 0.0004 0.0000 6 0.0005 0.0001 5 0.0005 0.0001 5 Relative Test- 225.42 13.91 6 247.16 6.91 5 247.12 7.71 5 systems (g)

Example 9. Production of a Supernatant of C. histolyticum Liquid Culture (ATCC 21000 and T248 Strains) Comprising Collagenolytic and Gelatinolytic Proteases in Animal Product-Free Culture Medium—Bioreactor Culture

(181) The bioreactors cultures and the analytical methods were carried out as previously described in Example 5, using Medium 6 (comprising cysteine and arginine) as the culture medium of step 3.

(182) FIG. 14 shows a comparative analysis of the collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activities (mU/mL) and optical density (OD 600 nm) of Clostridium histolyticum ATCC 21000 and T248 cultures. There is no significant difference (statistical analysis: Mann Whitney, p<0.05) between the collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity of the supernatants of the culture of both C. histolyticum strains.

Example 10. Cytotoxicity Test of Collagenolytic and Gelatinolytic Proteases Obtained from Clostridium histolyticum (ATCC 21000 e T248) Liquid Culture Supernatant Using an Animal Product-Free Culture Medium

(183) The collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases were obtained according to Example 6 (lyophilize samples).

(184) The cells used in the cytotoxicity test were a fibroblastic type, from a lineage established in V79 clone M-8 cultures from Chinese Hamster (Cricetulus griseus) lung. The fibroblasts were maintained in 25 cm.sup.2 culture flasks (TPP, Techno Plastic Products AG, Trasadingen, Switzerland) until the confluence density was achieved. The culture was carried out in DMEM culture medium supplemented with 10% of bovine calf serum (Nutricell), 100 UI/mL of penicillin and 100 μg/mL of streptomycin sulfate (Nutricell), in a 37° C. incubator with humidified atmosphere with 5% CO.sub.2 (Melo et al., 2000, 2001).

(185) The cytotoxicity test was performed in 96 well plates (IWAKI, Asahi Techno Glass, Co., Funabasi, Japan), with 3×10.sup.4 cells/mL in each well, followed by a 48 hour incubation time at 37° C. The initial cellular viability was verified through a Trypan Blue exclusion test. After the incubation of hours the medium was replaced by a supplemented DMEM medium with different concentrations (up to 1 mg/mL) of the lyophilized samples described below:

(186) TABLE-US-00013 Sample Origin Strains 1 acquired from third-parties — 2 acquired from third-parties — 3 Obtained according to the ATCC 21000 present invention (Example 6) 4 Obtained according to the ATCC 21000 present invention (Example 6) 5 Obtained according to the T248 present invention (Example 6)

(187) After 24 hours of treatment, the cultures were processed according to specific test protocols in order to determine acid nucleic content, neutral red incorporation (NR) and MTT reduction (MTT).

(188) The collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases obtained from C. histolyticum cultures according to the present invention did not demonstrate cytotoxicity, as observed in the results presented in Table 9.

(189) TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 9 Cytotoxicity test results of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic proteases obtained from C. histolyticum cultures supernatants - ATCC 21000 e T248 - produced according to the present invention and from the raw material acquired from third parties. IC50 (mg/mL) IC50 (U/mL) Activity nucleic nucleic Sample (U/g) MTT VN acids MTT VN acids 1 2214.00 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.69 0.69 0.648 2 2090.00 0.33 0.31 0.31 0.69 0.69 0.648 3 2429.00 * 0.90 0.90 2.43 2.43 2.186 4 3073.00 * * * 3.07 3.07 3.073 5 3646.00 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.73 0.73 0.729