METHOD FOR CONNECTING A BLADE TO A HUB AND METHOD FOR DISCONNECTING A BLADE FROM A HUB

Abstract

A method for connecting a blade to a hub of a wind turbine, the method including pulling the blade towards the hub using a rope guided through an interior of the hub is provided. Thus, movements between the hub and the blade, in particular due to oscillations or waves, are reduced during the connection process.

Claims

1. A method for connecting a blade to a hub of a wind turbine, the method comprising pulling the blade towards the hub using a rope guided through an interior of the hub.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: a) providing hub which is mounted to a tower of the wind turbine; b) providing the blade and the rope which is connected to the blade with its one end; c) lifting the blade towards the hub; d) placing the other end of the rope into the interior of the hub; e) pulling the rope the other end; and f) connecting the blade to the hub.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the hub comprises a blade connecting interface which has a hole to the interior the hub, and wherein the rope is placed into the hole in step d).

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blade is pulled towards the hub in the longitudinal direction of the blade.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a movement of the blade perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade is restricted by a first guiding element.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the first guiding element restricts the movement perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade by engaging in the blade or the hub when the blade moved towards the hub.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first guiding element is a guiding cage connected to the hub and protruding from the hub, in particular from the blade connecting surface.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first guiding element has a taper shape.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein a second guiding element restricts the movement perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade by engaging in the first guiding element when the blade moved towards the hub.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the second guiding element comprises a tube connected to the blade, and wherein the first guiding element comprises a receptacle for receiving the tube.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the receptacle comprises insertion slopes for centering the second guiding element.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the movement of the blade perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the blade relative to the hub is restricted to less than 150 mm, 100 mm or 80 mm by second guiding element.

13. The method according claim 2, wherein in step f) a plurality of pins protruding from a blade root are engaged in respective holes provided in the hub.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rope is connected to the blade inside a cavity in the blade.

15. A method for disconnecting a blade from a hub of a wind turbine, the method comprising pulling the blade away from the hub, wherein a rope guided through an interior of the hub maintains a tension between the hub and the blade.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

[0045] Some of the embodiments will be described in detail, with reference to the following fig-ures, wherein like designations denote like members, wherein:

[0046] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a wind turbine according to one embodiment;

[0047] FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a wind turbine blade of the wind turbine according to FIG. 1;

[0048] FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of the blade and the hub before connecting the same together;

[0049] FIG. 4 shows a schematic longitudinal cut through the blade;

[0050] FIG. 5 shows a position of the blade when guided towards the hub;

[0051] FIG. 6 shows a position of the blade when guided towards the hub with a reduced distance from FIG. 5,

[0052] FIG. 7 shows a position of the blade when guided towards the hub with a reduced distance from FIG. 6;

[0053] FIG. 8 shows a schematic front view of a guiding element;

[0054] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a method for connecting the blade to the hub; and

[0055] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of a method for disconnecting the blade from the hub.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] FIG. 1 shows a wind turbine 1. The wind turbine 1 comprises a rotor 2 connected to a generator (not shown) arranged inside a nacelle 3. The nacelle 3 is arranged at an upper end of a tower 4 of the wind turbine 1.

[0057] The rotor 2 comprises three blades 5 (i.e., wind turbine blades). The blades 5 are connected to a hub 6 of the wind turbine 1. Rotors 2 of this kind may have diameters ranging from, for example, 30 to 300 meters or even more. The blades 5 are subjected to high wind loads. At the same time, the blades 5 need to be lightweight. For these reasons, blades 5 in modern wind turbines 1 are manufactured from fiber-reinforced composite materials, e.g., by casting. Oftentimes, glass or carbon fibers in the form of unidirectional fiber mats are used. Such blades 5 may also include woods and other reinforcement materials.

[0058] FIG. 2 shows one blade 5 from FIG. 1. The blade 5 comprises an aerodynamically designed portion 7 which is shaped for optimum exploitation of the wind energy and a blade root 8 for connecting the blade 5 to the hub 6. Further, the blade 5 comprises a blade tip 9 which faces away from the blade root 8. The blade 5 extends in a longitudinal direction L which points from the blade tip 9 towards the blade root 8. The wind turbine blade 5 comprises a leading edge 10 and a trailing edge 11.

[0059] FIG. 3 shows a schematical side view of the blade 5 and the hub 6 before connecting the same to each other. The blade 5 is lifted by a crane 12 arranged on a vessel 13. The blade 5 is lifted to the same height H as the hub 6 for connecting the same together. The blade root 8 comprises an open cavity 14 (see broken lines) or an open hollow space. A rope 15 is connected to the blade 5 inside the cavity 14 with its one end 16 such that the blade root 8 can be pulled by a free end 17 of the rope 15. A weight 18 can be provided at the free end 17. The rope 15 can be provided as a tension line. In an embodiment, an auxiliary rope 19 is provided for holding the rope 15 in a central position in the cavity 14.

[0060] The hub 6 comprises a blade connecting interface 20 for connecting the bade root 8 thereto. In an embodiment, the hub 6 comprises two further blade connecting interfaces (not shown). The blade connecting interface 20 comprises a hole 21, in particular a hatch, to an interior 22 of the hub 6. Further, a guiding element 23 (also referred as first guiding element) is connected to the blade connecting interface 20.

[0061] The guiding element 23 is configured to enter and engage the cavity 14. This means that the cavity 14 receives the guiding element 23 when the blade 5 is moved towards the hub 6. When doing so, a movement perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L, i.e., in radial direction R, of the blade 5 relative to the hub 6 is restricted. The cavity 14 serves as a receptacle for receiving the guiding element 23 forming a form-fit in radial direction R. This has the advantage that a reliable restriction of the radial movement can be provided.

[0062] For providing the movement of the blade 5 in longitudinal direction L relative to the hub 6, the free end 17 of the rope 15 is placed through the hole 21 into the interior 22 such that the rope 15 is guided through the interior 22 of the hub 6. The guiding element 23 is e.g., a guiding cage connected to the hub 6 and protruding from the hub 6. The guiding element 23 is connected to the hub 6 by spring elements 24, for example. This has the advantage that due to an elasticity of the spring elements 24 damage of the blade 5 can be avoided when the blade 5 hits the guiding element 23. The guiding element 23 may be a grid structure.

[0063] In an embodiment, the guiding element 23 has a taper shape. In particular, the guiding element 23 widens towards the blade connecting interface 20. This has the advantage that fitting the cavity 14 onto the guiding element 23 is facilitated since the taper shape serves as insertion slopes.

[0064] FIG. 4 shows a schematical longitudinal cut through the blade 5. A guiding element 25 (also referred as second guiding element) is connected to the blade 5 inside the cavity 14. In an embodiment, the guiding element 25 extends in longitudinal direction L. In particular, the guiding element 25 is a rod and/or probe. The guiding element 25 may have a centered alignment inside the cavity 14.

[0065] The guiding element 25 may comprise a hollow element 26, in particular a tube, and a hollow element 27, in particular a tube, slidably supporting the hollow element 26. A sliding movement may be limited by a stop 28 arranged inside the hollow element 27. For example, the rope 15 may extend through the hollow element 26 and the hollow element 27 and may be fixed to the blade 5 or the hollow element 27 by a connecting point 29, in particular anchor point. The hollow element 27 is connected to the blade root 8 inside the cavity 14.

[0066] The rope 25 may extend from the guiding element 25 through a ring 30 which is connected to the rope 19 and maintained in a central position inside the cavity 14. The rope 19 is guided through a turning element 31, in particular a guiding roller, and connected to the blade 5 by a connecting point 32, in particular anchor point. The rope 19 may be an elastic line.

[0067] FIGS. 5 to 7 shows different positions of the blade 5 when guided towards the hub 6. The free end 17 of the rope 15 is guided through the interior 22 of the hub 6. A force F pulls at the free end 17 such that the blade root 8 is moved towards the blade connecting interface 20 of the hub 6. The pulling force F may be provided e.g., by a winch (not shown).

[0068] Further, a plurality of pins 33, in particular bolts, protruding from the blade root 8 in longitudinal direction L are configured to engage in respective holes 34 provided in the hub 6, in particular the blade connecting interface 20. The guiding element 25 is configured to restrict the movement of the blade 5 in radial direction R by engaging in the guiding element 23, in particular a receptacle 35 in the guiding element 23, when the blade 5 is moved towards the hub 6. This has the advantage that that a further mechanical guide is provided which is robust and reliable. In an embodiment, the receptacle 35 is an inverted cone tapering towards the hub 6.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 5 the guiding element 23 does not engage into the cavity 14. When a distance D between the blade connecting interfaced 20 and the blade root 8 is further reduced as shown in FIG. 6 the guiding element 23 engages into the cavity 14 and restricts the relative movement of the blade root 8 in radial direction R. When further reducing the distance D, the guiding element 25 is caught by the receptacle 35 as shown in FIG. 7. The receptacle 35 comprises insertion slopes 36 for catching and centering the guiding element 25. This has the advantage that the movement of the blade root 8 relative to the hub 6 can be further restricted.

[0070] For example, the movement of the blade 5 in radial direction R relative to the 6 hub is restricted to less than 150 mm, 100 mm or 80 mm when the guiding element 25 engages in the receptacle 35 (as shown in FIG. 7). This has the advantage that a clearance between the blade 5 and the hub 6 can be maintained small enough for facilitating that the pins 33 can be engaged into the holes 34.

[0071] When the pins 33 penetrate the holes 34, e.g., the guiding steps are completed and no radial movements of the blade 5 relative to the hub 6 are possible. Therefore, a tight form-fit connection between the blade 5 and the hub 6 is provided. The pins 33 are for example bolts or part of a bolt connection. In an embodiment, the blade 5 and the hub 6 are screwed together, in particular by the bolts and nuts connected to the bolts (not shown).

[0072] FIG. 8 shows a schematical front view of the guiding element 23. The guiding element 23 comprises a circular base portion 37 (e.g., a ring), the receptacle 35 and, in particular fife, guiding portions 38 arranged circular and which connect the receptacle 35 to the base portion 37. The receptacle 35 comprises a central opening 39 (also referred as insertion hole) for being penetrated by the guiding element 25 and for guiding the rope 15. The receptacle 35 has an open section 40 such that the opening 39 is radially assessable.

[0073] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a method for connecting the blade 5 to the hub 6. In step S1 the hub 6 which is mounted to the tower 4 of the wind turbine 1 is provided. In a step S2 the blade 5 and the rope 15 which is connected to the blade 5 with its one end 16 is provided, in particular by the vessel 13. In a step S3 the blade 5 is lifted towards the hub 6, in particular by the crane 12.

[0074] In step S4 the other end 17 of the rope 15 is placed into the interior 22 of the hub 6. In a step S5 the blade 5 is pulled towards the hub 6 using the rope 15 guided through the interior 22. In a step S6 the guiding element 23 penetrates the cavity 14 (first guiding step) such that radial movements of the blade root 8 are restricted by a first clearance. In a step S7 the guiding element 25 penetrates the guiding element 23 (second guiding step) such that the radial movements of the blade root 8 are restricted by a second clearance which is less than the first clearance.

[0075] Thus, the hub 6 and the blade 5 are brought close enough together by a two-stage physical guide system. In a step S8 the pins 33 penetrate the holes 34. In a step S9 the blade 5 is connected the hub 6 by fixing the same to each other. The step S5 can be conducted time and again during steps S6 to S8. The steps S1 to S9 (e.g., apart from step S5) are conducted in the listed order.

[0076] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of a method for disconnecting the blade 5 from the hub 6. The method comprising the step S11 of releasing connecting means 33 between the blade 5 and the hub 6. In a step S12 the blade 5 is pulled away from the hub 5, in particular by the crane 12, wherein a rope 15 guided through the interior 22 of the hub 6 maintains tension between the hub 6 and the blade 5. This has the advantage that the blade 5 cannot slip away from the hub 6. Further, the guiding elements 23, 25 serve as restrictions movements in the radial direction R.

[0077] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in accordance with preferred embodiments, it is obvious for the person skilled in the art that modifications are possible in all embodiments. For example, all features described with reference to the FIGS. 1 to 9 apply mutatis mutandis to a method for disconnecting the blade 5 from the hub 6 shown in FIG. 10 and vice versa.

[0078] Although the present invention has been disclosed in the form of preferred embodiments and variations thereon, it will be understood that numerous additional modifications and variations could be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0079] For the sake of clarity, it is to be understood that the use of “a” or “an” throughout this application does not exclude a plurality, and “comprising” does not exclude other steps or elements.