Lightweight roofing shingle and method for making same

Abstract

A lightweight roofing shingle comprising a saturated mat having an exposed side and an unexposed side wherein a fabric reinforcing layer substantially replaces the bottom asphalt coating and the backing aggregate on the unexposed side of a conventional shingle. The lightweight shingle will have a top asphalt layer applied to the exposed side of the mat and a layer of granular material applied to the top asphalt layer opposite the mat per conventional construction, and the fabric reinforcing layer is adhered directly to the unexposed side of the saturated mat. In one embodiment, the fabric reinforcing layer covers an entire area of the unexposed side of the saturated mat. The reinforcing layer may preferably be a nonwoven fabric made from PET or polypropylene. The lightweight roofing shingle may also include a release tape layer applied to the reinforcing layer opposite the saturated mat.

Claims

1. A lightweight roofing shingle comprising: a saturated mat having an exposed side and an unexposed side; a top asphalt layer applied to the exposed side; wherein the unexposed side of the saturated mat does not include a bottom asphalt layer; a layer of granular material applied to the top asphalt layer opposite the mat; and a fabric reinforcing layer adhered directly to the unexposed side of the saturated mat, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer covers an entire area of the unexposed side of the saturated mat.

2. The lightweight shingle of claim 1 wherein the fabric reinforcing layer is a nonwoven fabric comprising PET.

3. The lightweight shingle of claim 1 wherein the fabric reinforcing layer is a nonwoven fabric comprising polypropylene.

4. The lightweight roofing shingle of claim 1 further comprising a release tape applied to said fabric reinforcing layer opposite the saturated mat.

5. The lightweight roofing shingle of claim 1 further comprising a layer of adhesive material capable to adhere the fabric reinforcing layer to the unexposed side of the saturated mat.

6. The lightweight roofing shingle of claim 1 further comprising the fabric reinforcing layer being adhered to the unexposed side of the saturated mat using a residual amount of a first asphaltic composition saturating the saturated mat.

7. The lightweight roofing shingle of claim 1, where the entire area of the unexposed side of the saturated mat does not include a bottom asphalt coating layer.

8. A lightweight roofing shingle comprising: a saturated mat having an exposed side and an unexposed side and being saturated with an asphaltic material; a top asphalt coating layer applied to the exposed side; wherein the unexposed side of the saturated mat does not include a bottom asphalt coating layer; a layer of granular material applied to the top asphalt coating layer opposite the mat; and a fabric reinforcing layer adhered directly to the unexposed side of the saturated mat, wherein the fabric reinforcing layer covers an entire area of the unexposed side of the saturated mat.

9. The lightweight roofing shingle of claim 8 further comprising a layer of adhesive material capable to adhere the fabric reinforcing layer to the unexposed side of the saturated mat.

10. The lightweight roofing shingle of claim 8 further comprising: the saturated mat being saturated with a first asphaltic composition; the top asphalt coating layer having a second asphaltic composition; and the fabric reinforcing layer being adhered directly to the unexposed side of the saturated mat using a residual amount of the first asphaltic composition of the saturated mat.

11. The lightweight roofing shingle of claim 8, where the entire area of the unexposed side of the saturated mat does not include a bottom asphalt coating layer.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) The accompanying drawings form a part of the specification and are to be read in conjunction therewith, in which like reference numerals are employed to indicate like or similar parts in the various views.

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the construction of a conventional asphalt roofing shingle construction as known in the art;

(3) FIG. 2 is a bottom view of an embodiment of a roofing shingle according to the teachings of the present invention;

(4) FIG. 2A is a schematic sectional view of the embodiment of the roofing shingle of FIG. 2 cut along the line 2A-2A;

(5) FIG. 3 is a bottom view of another embodiment of a roofing shingle according to the teachings of the present invention;

(6) FIG. 3A is a schematic sectional view of the embodiment of the roofing shingle of FIG. 3 cut along the line 3A-3A;

(7) FIG. 4 is a bottom view of another embodiment of a roofing shingle according to the teachings of the present invention;

(8) FIG. 4A is schematic sectional view of the embodiment of the roofing shingle of FIG. 4 cut along the line 4A-4A;

(9) FIG. 5 is a bottom view of another embodiment of a roofing shingle according to the teachings of the present invention;

(10) FIG. 5A is schematic sectional view of the embodiment of the roofing shingle of FIG. 5 cut along the line 5A-5A;

(11) FIG. 6 is a bottom view of another embodiment of a roofing shingle according to the teachings of the present invention; and

(12) FIG. 6A is schematic sectional view of the embodiment of the roofing shingle of FIG. 6 cut along the line 6A-6A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(13) The following detailed description of the present invention references the accompanying drawing figures that illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention can be practiced. The embodiments are intended to describe aspects of the present invention in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments can be utilized and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The present invention is defined by the appended claims and, therefore, the description is not to be taken in a limiting sense and shall not limit the scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

(14) The present invention relates to a lightweight asphalt roofing shingle which may be applied to residential or commercial structures. The present lightweight asphalt roofing shingle substantially or completely eliminates the coating of asphaltic material and completely eliminates the fine aggregate applied to the unexposed side of the shingle mat and replaces it with a reinforcing fabric layer that is applied to the entire unexposed side of the shingle mat or a portion thereof and/or a release tape layer which may be applied over the reinforcing fabric or directly to the unexposed side of the shingle mat.

(15) The proposed construction provides particular advantages including reduction in the sticking of the shingle web as it travels through the manufacturing process and a reduction in the shingles sticking together in the package and during storage. Further, one purpose of eliminating the backing fines is that it simplifies the tasks of complying with limits on employee exposure to fine aggregate and dust particles, and emissions related to the use of the same into the environment by eliminating the use of the abrasive fine aggregate. This solution is preferred over having to design and implement systems to manage and mitigate exposures and emissions of fine backing aggregate particles using various engineering controls and personal protective equipment. This solution is also beneficial because it reduces material waste due to the over-application of the backing fines, reduces the wear on manufacturing machinery and related maintenance expenses, and makes it easier to clean the workplace.

(16) FIGS. 2 and 2A illustrate an embodiment of the present lightweight asphalt roofing shingle 10 comprising a top 14, a bottom 16, a first side 18, a second side 20. Top 14 and bottom 16 define a height H of shingle 10. First side 18 and second side 20 define a length L of shingle 10.

(17) As shown in FIG. 2A, shingle 10 includes an exposed surface 22 and an unexposed surface 24, wherein top 14, bottom 16, first side 18, second side 20 define surfaces 22 and 24 (see FIG. 2). Further, for the purpose of this explanation, FIG. 2A illustrates each layer of shingle 10 can be designated as having an exposed side 25 and an unexposed side 27 when viewed in section. Roofing shingle 10 further comprises a saturated mat 12 having a top layer of asphalt coating 26 generally applied to the entirety of exposed side 25 of saturated mat 12 and a layer of surface granular material 28 applied on the exposed side 25 and over top layer of asphalt coating 26.

(18) Further, roofing shingle 10 comprises a reinforcing fabric layer 30 adhered directly to and covering the entire unexposed side 27 of saturated mat 12. Reinforcing fabric layer 30 may be applied to the entirety of the unexposed side 27 of saturated mat 12 using a thin adhesive layer 32. However, in some embodiments, reinforcing fabric layer 30 will be adhered directly to the saturated mat 12 using residual asphaltic material already present the unexposed side 27 (see FIG. 3A) of saturated mat 12. Reinforcing fabric layer 30 may include a fabric, film, or other substrate which may or may not have a polymer base.

(19) FIGS. 3 and 3A illustrate another embodiment of the present asphalt roofing shingle 10′ that is substantially similar to roofing shingle 10 such that, as shown in FIG. 3A, roofing shingle 10′ similarly comprises a top layer of asphalt coating 26 generally applied to the entirety of exposed side 25 of saturated mat 12 and a layer of surface granular material 28 applied to the exposed side 25 of top layer of asphalt coating 26 opposite mat 12. As shown in FIG. 3, roofing shingle 10′ similarly has top 14, bottom 16, first side 18 and second side 20 that define exposed surface 22 (see FIG. 3A) and unexposed surface 24. Top 14 and bottom 16 define a height H of shingle 10′. First side 18 and second side 20 define a length L of shingle 10′. Again, as shown in FIG. 3A, each layer of shingle 10′ can be designated as having an exposed side 25 and an unexposed side 27 when viewed in section.

(20) As shown in FIG. 3A, an embodiment of shingle 10′ may include reinforcing fabric layer 30 applied directly to the unexposed side 27 of saturated mat 12 by residual asphalt on the saturated mat. FIG. 3A also shows shingle 10′ further comprising a layer of release tape 34 applied on the unexposed side 27 of reinforcing fabric layer 30 opposite mat 12, wherein the layer of release tape 34 is not shown or included in shingle 10 of FIG. 2. Release tape 34 may be positioned in a middle-height area or portion of shingle 10′ between top 14 and bottom 16. Release tape 34 may have a width “W” that is less than the height H of shingle 10′ and release tape 34 generally extends substantially along the length L of shingle 10′. In one embodiment, the width W of release tape 34 may be in a range between one-sixteenth and one-half ( 1/16 and ½) the height of the shingle 10′. However, any width W is within the scope of the present invention.

(21) FIGS. 4 and 4A illustrate another embodiment of the present asphalt roofing shingle 50 (similar to that shown in FIGS. 3 and 3A) that, as shown in FIG. 4A comprises a top layer of asphalt coating 26 generally applied to the entirety of exposed side 25 of saturated mat 12 and a layer of surface granular material 28 applied to the exposed side 25 of top layer of asphalt coating 26 opposite mat 12. As shown in FIG. 4, roofing shingle 50 similarly has top 14, bottom 16, first side 18 and second side 20 that define exposed surface 22 (see FIG. 4A) and unexposed surface 24. Top 14 and bottom 16 define a height H of shingle 50. First side 18 and second side 20 define a length L of shingle 50. Again, as shown in FIG. 4A, each layer of shingle 50 can be designated as having an exposed side 25 and an unexposed side 27 when viewed in section.

(22) As further shown in FIG. 4A, roofing shingle 50 further includes release tape layer 34 that may be adhered directly to the unexposed side 27 of saturated mat 12 between top 14 and bottom 16 at a mid-height area or portion of saturated mat 12. Further, reinforcing fabric layer 30 comprises a headlap portion 52 adhered directly to the unexposed side 27 of saturated mat 12 above release tape 34 (toward top 14) and a tab portion 54 adhered directly to the unexposed side 27 of saturated mat 12 below release tape 34 (toward bottom 16). When combined with the width “W” of release tape layer 34, headlap portion 52 and tab portion 54 of reinforcing fabric layer 30 substantially cover the entirety of unexposed surface 24 as shown.

(23) FIGS. 5 and 5A illustrate yet another embodiment of the present asphalt shingle 50′ similarly configured to asphalt shingle 50 of FIGS. 4 and 4A, wherein, as shown in FIG. 5A, release tape 34 may be adhered directly to the unexposed side 27 of saturated mat 12 between top 14 and bottom 16, but shingle 50′ includes only tab portion 54 of fabric layer 30 adhered directly to the unexposed side 27 of saturated mat 12 below (toward bottom 16) release tape 34. As a result, asphalt shingle 50′ includes a headlap portion 56 of the unexposed side 27 of mat 12 remaining uncovered.

(24) FIGS. 6 and 6A illustrates another embodiment of the present lightweight asphalt shingle 60 similar to shingles 10′ (FIGS. 3 and 3A) and 50′ (FIGS. 5 and 5A) above. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 6, shingle 60 comprises a saturated mat 12 having a top 14, a bottom 16, a first side 18 and a second side 20 that define an exposed surface 22 (see FIG. 5A) and an unexposed surface 24. Top 14 and bottom 16 defines a height H of shingle 60. First side 18 and second side 20 define a length L of shingle 60. Again, as shown in FIG. 6A, each layer of shingle 60 can be designated as having an exposed side 25 and an unexposed side 27 when viewed in section. As shown best in FIG. 6A, shingle 60 differs from shingles 10′ and 50′ above in that there is no reinforcing fabric layer and only includes release tape layer 34 having a width W being adhered directly to the unexposed side 27 of saturated mat 12 at a mid-height area or portion of the mat 12. However, release tape 34 may be applied at any position along the height of mat 12. As a result, unexposed surface 24 of asphalt shingle 60 remains substantially uncovered.

(25) In any of the above embodiments, a liquid release agent may be applied to the unexposed surface 24 at any time during the manufacturing process to prevent the shingles 60 from adhering during stacking, storage, and transport. Preferably, the application of the liquid release agent occurs after the application of the reinforcing fabric layer 30 and/or the release tape layer 34, but prior to cutting and stacking the shingles.

(26) The specific embodiments described above present several variations as to how the reinforcing fabric layer 30 and release tape 34 may be disposed on the unexposed side 27 of the mat 12 of the present shingle to define the unexposed surface 24 of the shingle. These embodiments are not meant to be limiting, but rather, present a few variations with the recognition that a person of skill in the art may vary the position, extents, orientation, order, or other characteristic of those elements described above within the scope of the present invention. Moreover, the principles and configurations described above may easily be adapted into a specifically designed hip and ridge shingle for use in a roofing system that incorporates the shingle of the present invention.

(27) Saturated mat 12 may be any base mat currently used in the construction of asphalt shingles including, fiberglass, polyester, or organic felt mats, or any other mats now known or hereafter developed for use as an asphalt shingle substrate. Saturated mat 12 may be saturated with asphaltic material prior to being coated with the top layer of asphalt coating 26. Alternatively, saturated mat 12 may have a layer of asphaltic material coated on the exposed side 25 and may further have a layer of asphaltic material applied to the unexposed side 27, wherein a portion of the asphalt coating layer(s) may penetrate or otherwise be adhered to the surfaces of saturated mat 12. Asphalt coating 26 may be any asphaltic material formulation now known or hereafter developed for use to cover asphalt shingles, including asphalt modified with any known additives or performance altering admixtures. Asphalt coating 26 may include aggregate filler added to the asphaltic material and mixed therein to promote adhesion and to increase the creep resistance of the mixture under elevated temperatures experienced on a roof.

(28) Granular material 28 may be any granular material now used or hereafter used for asphalt shingles that at least (1) cover the top layer asphalt coating 26, (2) provide a weathering surface, (3) shield the top layer asphalt coating 26 from UV light when installed on the roof, and/or (4) contribute to the overall appearance and/or color of an asphalt shingle.

(29) Reinforcing fabric layer 30 may preferably be a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is commonly known as polyester. In other embodiments, reinforcing fabric layer 30 may be another fabric, film, paper, parchment, foil or other substrate. Further, in a preferred embodiment, reinforcing fabric layer 30 may have a thickness between about 10 and 150 microns (0.01 to 0.15 mm). However, any other thickness of reinforcing fabric layer is within the scope of the present invention. In addition, reinforcing fabric layer 30 may include strands of material that are purposely randomly arranged and then are “point bonded” (embossed or pressed at varying intervals) which fuses the strands together for increased strength. Additional materials from which reinforcing fabric layer 30 may constructed include: polyester fibers, wood pulp, glass fibers, cotton fibers, wool fibers, carpet material, nylon fibers, rayon fibers, acrylic fibers, polyolefin fibers, polypropylene fibers and recycled plastics fibers, recycled paper, binders, and any mixtures or combinations thereof. Reinforcing fabric layer 30 may be woven or unwoven. Reinforcing fabric layer 30 may be a film of polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, acrylics, other known polymer based films, and other known non-polymer based films.

(30) Release tape 34 may be any type of releasable membrane now known or hereafter developed by a person of skill in the art for keeping a portion of the unexposed portion of the shingle from adhering to a layer of adhesive disposed on the exposed surface of a similar shingle in a shingle stack, and/or keeping a portion of the unexposed portion of the shingle mat that is not covered by a fabric layer from adhering to the exposed surface of a similar shingle in a shingle stack. Such release tape layers and materials are known in the art.

(31) The embodiments of the present shingle described above may be made using the following exemplary method, though other methods are within the scope of the present invention. In one embodiment, mat 12 may be saturated with asphaltic material by submerging mat 12 in asphaltic material or coating mat 12 with asphaltic material as known in the art. Next, the asphalt coating layer may be applied to the saturated mat 12 separately. Alternatively, the asphalt coating layer may be applied simultaneously with the saturating step above. Since the fabric layer is intended to substantially replace the bottom layer of asphalt and completely replace the backing aggregate particulates, the top asphalt layer coating 26 may only be applied to the exposed side 25 of saturated mat 12.

(32) Alternatively, both a top layer coating 26 may be applied to the exposed side 25 and a bottom layer coating (not shown) may be applied to unexposed side 27 of mat 12 using the same equipment currently used to manufacture conventional asphalt shingles. In such instances, wherein both unexposed side 27 and exposed side 25 of saturated mat 12 are initially coated with a coating layer of asphaltic material, the bottom coating layer on the unexposed side 27 may be scraped off prior to applying the fabric layer 30 and/or the release tape layer 34. The scraping process may result in some residual asphalt coating remaining on the unexposed side 27 of saturated mat 12. The scraped asphalt, if any, may be reclaimed and reused in the shingle manufacturing process.

(33) The exposed granular material 28 may then be applied to the exposed side 25 of top asphalt coating 26 opposite the mat 12 using one of the many known processes in the art at any time in the manufacturing process or other similar process developed in the future. If a bottom layer of asphalt is scraped off the unexposed side 27 of mat 12, then the exposed granular material may be applied either before or after the bottom layer is scraped off.

(34) The fabric layer 30 and/or release tape 34 may be applied to the unexposed side 27 of mat 12. If a bottom asphalt coating layer is scraped off or if the mat is saturated with asphaltic material, there will likely be some residual asphalt coating remaining on the unexposed side 27 of saturated mat 12. This residual asphalt coating may be used as an adhesive layer to adhere or bond the reinforcing fabric layer 30 and/or the release tape 34 to the unexposed side 27. Alternatively, an additional adhesive layer 32 (see FIG. 2A) may be applied to the unexposed side 27 of mat 12 to adhere the fabric layer 30 and/or the release tape 34.

(35) Next, the fabric layer 30 and/or the release tape 34 may be adhered directly to the unexposed side 27 of the saturated mat 12 in one of the manners described below. In one embodiment, shingle 10 of FIGS. 2 and 2A includes reinforcing fabric layer 30 being applied to the entire unexposed side 27 of mat 12. In another embodiment, shingle 10′ of FIGS. 3 and 3A further includes a layer of release tape 34 being subsequently adhered to the fabric layer 30 at a mid-height position to the shingle 10 of FIGS. 2 and 2A. In another embodiment, shingle 50′ of FIGS. 5 and 5A includes a layer of release tape applied directly to the unexposed side 27 of mat 12 proximate a mid-height area or portion of shingle 50′ and a tab portion 54 of reinforcing fabric layer 30 is applied directly to the unexposed side 27 of mat 12 below the layer of release tape 34. In yet another embodiment similar to the construction of shingle 50′ of FIGS. 5 and 5A, shingle 50 of FIGS. 4 and 4A additionally includes a headlap portion 52 of reinforcing fabric layer 30 being applied directly to the unexposed side 27 of mat 12 above the layer of release tape 24. In another embodiment, shingle 60 of FIGS. 6 and 6A does not include a fabric layer 30, but rather only includes a release tape layer 34 being applied to the unexposed side 27 of mat 12 at a mid-height area or portion. A liquid release agent may be applied to the unexposed surface 24 to prevent the shingles from adhering to the manufacturing equipment or each other when stacked and stored.

(36) In all of the above embodiments, the shingle sheet may be fed through one or more rollers to compress all of the applied layers to improve the adhesion of each of the layers. The above shingle embodiments may also be manufactured substantially on existing manufacturing lines slightly modified to remove the bottom asphalt coating layer and/or to apply the fabric and/or release tape layer.

(37) As is evident from the foregoing description, certain aspects of the present invention are not limited to the particular details of the examples illustrated herein. It is therefore contemplated that other modifications and applications using other similar or related features or techniques will occur to those skilled in the art. It is accordingly intended that all such modifications, variations, and other uses and applications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention are deemed to be covered by the present invention.

(38) Other aspects, objects, and advantages of the present invention can be obtained from a study of the drawings, the disclosures, and the appended claims.