METHOD, APPARATUS AND SPECIAL PHOSPHORUS RECOVERY DEVICE FOR RECOVERING YELLOW PHOSPHORUS FROM ELECTRIC FURNACE PHOSPHORUS-PRODUCING FURNACE GAS

Abstract

A method, apparatus and special phosphorus recovery device for recovering yellow phosphorus from an electric furnace phosphorus-producing furnace gas without the use of a spray cooling mode during the condensation of the electric furnace phosphorus-producing furnace gas. The method comprises the steps: 1) dedusting and purifying the electric furnace phosphorus-producing furnace gas by using a dry-type dedusting system, so that the solid content of the electric furnace phosphorus-producing furnace gas in less than or equal to 10-50 mg/m.sup.3; 2) conveying the purified furnace gas to a phosphorus recovery device, the phosphorus recovery device being provided with a heat exchange chamber formed by a shell and a recuperator arranged inside the heat exchange chamber; 3) feeding into an internal flow path of the recuperator a low-temperature medium, which conducts non-mixed heat transfer with the furnace gas under the isolation of the recuperator, so that the yellow phosphorus is condensed, separated out, and then vastly attached to the surface of the recuperator, and the tail gas arising from heat exchange is discharged out of the phosphorus recovery device; and 4) feeding a high-temperature medium for replacing the low-temperature medium into the internal flow path of the recuperator.

Claims

1. A method for recovering yellow phosphorus from furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by an electric furnace comprises the following steps of that: 1) in the case of ensuring that the temperature of furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace is equal to or more than the dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor in the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace, a dry dedusting system is employed for dedusting and purifying said furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace, thereby reducing the solid content of the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace to be equal to or less than 10-50 mg/m.sup.3; 2) the purified furnace gas is delivered to a phosphorus collecting apparatus (7) having a heat exchanging chamber (705) consisting of a shell (701) and a recuperator (702) set in the heat exchanging chamber (705), and said furnace gas flows into the heat exchanging chamber (705) so as to fully contact with the recuperator (702); 3) a low temperature medium is introduced into the internal flow path of the recuperator (702), the low temperature medium and said furnace gas are heat transferred by a non-mixing means under the isolation of the recuperator (702), so that the yellow phosphorus is condensed, precipitated and adhered to the surface of the recuperator (702), and the exhaust gas after heat exchanging is discharged from the phosphorus collecting apparatus (7); and 4) a high temperature medium for replacing the low temperature medium is introduced into the internal flow path of the recupertor (702), the high temperature medium and the yellow phosphorus adhered to the surface of the recuperator (702) are heat transferred by the non-mixing means, so that the yellow phosphorus melts and drops into a phosphorus collecting tank (703) at the bottom of the phosphorus collecting apparatus (7), and then the yellow phosphorus is obtained through the phosphorus collecting tank (703).

2. The method for recovering the yellow phosphorus from the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace as stated in claim 1 is characterized in that: the furnace gas inlet temperature of the phosphorus collecting apparatus (7) is controlled at 180-220° C., and the exhaust gas outlet temperature of the phosphorus collecting apparatus (7) is controlled at 10-30° C.

3. The method for recovering the yellow phosphorus from the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace as stated in claim 1 is characterized in that: said low temperature medium is selected from chilled brine; and said high temperature medium is selected from water vapor.

4. The method for recovering the yellow phosphorus from the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace as stated in claim 1 is characterized in that: said dry dedusting system comprises a filter (301) for filtering the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace, the filter (301) has a filter element (307) of a porous material membrane meeting the following operation conditions, and relating to the filter (301), the operations which should be performed comprise: (1) the operations performed as powering-on: injecting inert preheating gas into the filter (301), so as to preheat the filter element of the porous material membrane in the filter (301) to a temperature equal to or more than said dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor; (2) the operations performed as normal running: introducing the furnace gas to be filtered with the temperature kept at equal to or more than the dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor into the filter (301), and the dust content of the clean furnace gas after filtering is equal to or less than 10-20 mg/m.sup.3; (3) the operations performed as back flushing: starting a back flushing apparatus, and injecting the inert back flushing gas with the temperature equal to or more than said dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor and with the pressure controlled at 0.2-1.0 MPa into the filter (301); and (4) the operations performed as powering-off: injecting the inert replacing gas with a temperature equal to or more than said dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor into the filter (301), so that the filter element of the porous material membrane is protected by the inert replacing gas and the paste film contamination does not occur.

5. The method for recovering the yellow phosphorus from the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace as stated in anyone of claims 1-4 is characterized in that: said furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace is produced by the following steps of that: a mixture proportionally prepared by phosphorus ore, silica and coke is fed into a multi-electrode phosphorus-preparing electric furnace, a reduction reaction is performed by the mixture within the multi-electrode phosphorus-preparing electric furnace to generate the furnace gas, and the furnace gas escapes from the reacting and melting zone, passes through a furnace gas filtering layer which is formed within the upper portion of the furnace by the mixture continuously supplied, then carries a part of impurities in the mixture, and is discharged from the multi-electrode phosphorus-preparing electric furnace; thus, the furnace gas temperature in the dry dedusting system is kept at a temperature equal to or more than said dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor by installing a heat exchanging apparatus on a smoke exhausting duct connecting the electric furnace to the dry dedusting system, or/and adjusting the thickness of said furnace gas filtering layer in the electric furnace, or/and adjusting the electrode power when strictly performing the mixture treatment.

6. The method for recovering the yellow phosphorus from the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace as stated in claim 5 is characterized in that: the temperature of the furnace gas to be filtered and fed into the filter (301) is kept at 187.5-280° C.

7. An apparatus for recovering yellow phosphorus from furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by an electric furnace comprises a dry dedusting system and a phosphorus collecting apparatus connecting thereto, wherein, in the case of that the temperature of the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace is equal to or more than the dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor in the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace, said dry dedusting system performs dedusting and purifying said furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace, thereby reducing the solid content of the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace to be equal to or less than 10-50 mg/m.sup.3, in which characterized in that: said phosphorus collecting apparatus (7) has a heat exchanging chamber (705) consisting of a shell (701) and a recuperator (702) set in the heat exchanging chamber (705), an exhaust gas outlet and a furnace gas inlet connecting to the output end of the dry dedusting system are provided on the heat exchanging chamber (705), and the internal flow path of the recuperator (702) can connect to a low temperature medium source and a high temperature medium source respectively through a switchable apparatus (704).

8. The apparatus for recovering the yellow phosphorus from the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace as stated in claim 7 is characterized in that: said dry dedusting system comprises a filter (301) for filtering the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace, the filter (301) has a filter element of a porous material membrane meeting the following operation conditions, and relating to the filter (307), the operations which should be performed comprise: (1) the operations performed as powering-on: injecting inert preheating gas into the filter (301), so as to preheat the filter element of the porous material membrane in the filter (301) to a temperature equal to or more than the dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor in the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace; (2) the operations performed as normal running: introducing the furnace gas to be filtered with a temperature kept at equal to or more than the dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor into the filter (301), and the dust content of the clean furnace gas after filtering is equal to or less than 10-20 mg/m.sup.3; (3) the operations performed as back flushing: starting a back flushing apparatus, and injecting the inert back flushing gas with a temperature equal to or more than said dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor and with a pressure controlled at 0.2-1.0 MPa into the filter (301); and (4) the operations performed as powering-off: injecting the inert replacing gas with a temperature equal to or more than said dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor into the filter (301), so that the filter element of the porous material membrane is protected by the inert replacing gas and the paste film contamination does not occur.

9. A special phosphorus collecting apparatus used for the method for recovering yellow phosphorus from furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by an electric furnace as stated in claim 1 is characterized in that: the phosphorus collecting apparatus has a heat exchanging chamber (705) consisting of a shell (701) and a recuperator (702) set in the heat exchanging chamber (705), an exhaust gas outlet and a furnace gas inlet connecting to the output end of the dry dedusting system are provided on the heat exchanging chamber (705), and the internal flow path of the recuperator (702) can connect to a low temperature medium source and a high temperature medium source respectively through a switchable apparatus (704).

10. The phosphorus collecting apparatus as stated in claim 9 is characterized in that: said recuperator (702) is selected from a finned tube heat exchanger.

11. A method for producing yellow phosphorus by using a large-scale phosphorus-preparing electric furnace with self-baking electrodes comprises the following steps of that: 1) in the case of ensuring that the temperature of the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace is equal to or more than the dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor in the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace, a dry dedusting system is employed for dedusting and purifying said furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace, thereby reducing the solid content of the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace to be equal to or less than 10-50 mg/m.sup.3; 2) the purified furnace gas is delivered to a phosphorus collecting apparatus (7) having a heat exchanging chamber (705) consisting of a shell (701) and a recuperator (702) set in the heat exchanging chamber, and said furnace gas flows into the heat exchanging chamber (705) so as to fully contact with the recuperator (702); 3) a low temperature medium is introduced into the internal flow path of the recuperator (702), the low temperature medium and said furnace gas are heat transferred by a non-mixing means under the isolation of the recuperator (702), so that the yellow phosphorus is condensed, precipitated and adhered to the surface of the recuperator (702), and the exhaust gas after heat exchanging is discharged from the phosphorus collecting apparatus (7); and 4) a high temperature medium for replacing the low temperature medium is introduced into the internal flow path of the recuperator (702), the high temperature medium and the yellow phosphorus adhered to the surface of the recuperator (702) are heat transferred by the non-mixing means, so that the yellow phosphorus melts and drops into a phosphorus collecting tank (703) at the bottom of the phosphorus collecting apparatus (7), and then the yellow phosphorus is obtained through the phosphorus collecting tank (703); wherein, said furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace is the high temperature furnace gas produced by the following steps of that: a mixture proportionally prepared by phosphorus ore, silica and coke is fed into the large-scale phosphorus-preparing electric furnace with self-baking electrodes, a reduction reaction is performed by the mixture within the large-scale phosphorus-preparing electric furnace with self-baking electrodes to generate the furnace gas, and the furnace gas escapes from the reacting and melting zone, passes through a furnace gas filtering layer which is formed within the upper portion of the furnace by the mixture continuously supplied, then carries a part of impurities in the mixture, and is discharged from the large-scale phosphorus-preparing electric furnace with self-baking electrodes.

12. An apparatus used for the method for producing yellow phosphorus by using the large-scale phosphorus-preparing electric furnace with self-baking electrodes as stated in claim 11 comprises a dry dedusting system and a phosphorus collecting apparatus connecting thereto, wherein, in the case of that the temperature of the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace is equal to or more than the dew point temperature of the phosphorus vapor in the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace, said dry dedusting system performs dedusting and purifying said furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace, thereby reducing the solid content of the furnace gas resulting from preparing phosphorus by the electric furnace to be equal to or less than 10-50 mg/m.sup.3, in which characterized in that: said phosphorus collecting apparatus (7) has a heat exchanging chamber (705) consisting of a shell (701) and a recuperator (702) set in the heat exchanging chamber (705), an exhaust gas outlet and a furnace gas inlet connecting to the output end of the dry dedusting system are provided on the heat exchanging chamber (705), and the internal flow path of the recuperator (702) can connect to a low temperature medium source and a high temperature medium source respectively through a switchable apparatus (704).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the yellow phosphorus process provided by the applicant in Chinese patent application No. 2013104546439.

[0065] FIG. 2 is a process schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention.

[0066] FIG. 3 is a process schematic diagram of another embodiment of the invention.

[0067] FIG. 4 is a layout schematic diagram of a plurality of phosphorous recovery devices of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0068] FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the yellow phosphorus process provided by the applicant in Chinese patent application No. 2013104546439. Although the technical scheme in the patent application of the invention is improved, Chinese patent application No. 2013104546439 is described herein in order to facilitate accurate understanding of the invention.

[0069] For the yellow phosphorus process flow shown in FIG. 1, an electric furnace 1 is connected with a dry dust removal system 3 by a gas exhaust duct 2 (a heat exchanger 6 is arranged on the gas exhaust duct 2), the dust removal device of the dry dust removal system 3 is composed of a filter 301 and a mechanical dust collector 302 arranged between the filter 301 and the electric furnace 1, furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 enters the mechanical dust collector 302 by the gas exhaust duct 2 for primary dust removal and purification, and then enters the filter 301 for secondary dust removal and purification. Clean furnace gas discharged from the filter 301 is introduced into a condensation and recovery system 4 which is composed of a spray column 401 and a collecting tank 402. Yellow phosphorus sprayed and condensed by the spray column 401 enters the collecting tank 402 to give crude phosphorus, and then crude phosphorus is refined in a crude phosphorus refining system 5. The crude phosphorus refining system 5 comprises a refining boiler 501. Pure phosphorus is deposited on the bottom of the boiler after crude phosphorus is heated, mixed and settled with steam in the refining boiler 501. Tail gas (CO, etc.) discharged from the spray column 401 is led into two paths, one is taken as fuel after further purification, and the other is vented out when not in use. In addition, the filter 301 is also connected with a gas supplying unit 303 which supplies preheating inert gas, inert gas for blowback and inert gas for replacement for the filter 301. The gas supplying unit 303 is connected with a first output tube 305 and a second output tube 306 by a heater 304 respectively. The output end of the first output tube 305 is connected with a blowback unit of the filter 301, and the output end of the second output tube 306 is connected with an intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter. Valves are arranged on the first output tube 305 and the second output tube 306. Wherein the gravity dust collector and the cyclone dust collector also can be used as the mechanical dust collector 302. Multiple sintering inorganic porous membrane elements are arranged and installed in the filter 301 by an orifice plate. A venturi tube for blowback is arranged on each set of sintering inorganic porous membrane elements. Inert gas for blowback entering each of the venturi tubes is controlled by a pulse valve respectively. Each pulse valve is connected with the first output tube shown as FIG. 1 by an air pocket (not shown in the figure).

[0070] The yellow phosphorus process flow thereof is specifically described by multiple examples in Chinese patent application No. 2013104546439. The examples are divided into two groups, the Example Group 1 relates to method 1 using phosphorus furnace with multiple electrodes and the Example Group 2 relates to method II using phosphorus furnace with a large self baking electrode. For comparison, all examples use the same set of apparatus in every group, the raw material is separated from the same batch of material (treated by existing technology) with the same ore grade, proportion and treatment process. In order to accurately compare the recovery ratio of yellow phosphorus obtained from all examples in every group of examples, the refining boilers (501) (each example corresponds to a refining boiler 501) consistent with examples in quantity are designed in the crude phosphorus refining system 5, and the outlet of the condensation and recovery system 4 can be switched among these refining boilers 501. The outlet is switched to corresponding refining boiler 501 after the raw material in one example is completely reacted and phosphorus recovering process is ended and when the next batch of raw material (i.e., raw materials of another example) is added. As a result, the recovery ratio of yellow phosphorus of these examples can be obtained by calculating the amount of yellow phosphorus obtained from each refining boiler 501.

Example Group 1

Example 1

[0071] Use the phosphorus furnace with multiple electrodes with a transformer capacity of 15,000 KVA. Continuously add 50 ton of mixture to the electric furnace 1 for reaction, start the gas supplying unit 303 and the heater 304 at the same time, make high-temperature inert gas for preheating enter the filter 301 from the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301 by the second output tube 306, thereby preheat the sintering inorganic porous membrane element (porous membrane element of FeAl intermetallic compound) in the filter 301 to 187.5° C., and close the valve on the second output tube 306. Then, introduce furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 into the dry dust removal system 3 by the gas exhaust duct 2, meanwhile, heat furnace gas by the heat exchanger 6. Make the heated furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 enter the mechanical dust collector 302 for primary dust removal and purification by the gas exhaust duct 2, and then enter the filter 301 for secondary dust removal and purification. Detect the temperature of furnace gas to be filtered and keep it at about 200° C. on the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301. Carry out online blowback of the filter 301 once every 600 s, heat inert gas for blowback output from the gas supplying unit 303 to 187.5° C. by the heater 304 during blowback, make the inert gas for blowback work on the sintering inorganic porous membrane element, and set the pressure of inert gas for blowback to be 0.6 MPa. The dust content of clean furnace gas is about 5 mg/m.sup.3 after filtration. Crude phosphorus enters corresponding refining boiler 501 after passing through the condensation and recovery system 4 to obtain yellow phosphorus product, and few phosphorus sludge is produced and the dust content in tail gas is very low. Calculate the recovery ratio of yellow phosphorus to be 98.5% which is far above 72-87% of the existing recovery ratio.

Example 2

[0072] After completion of Example 1, directly use the apparatus to continuously carry out Example 2. Continuously add the second batch of 50 ton of mixture to the electric furnace 1 for reaction, and switch to another refining boiler 501. Introduce furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 into the dry dust removal system 3 by the gas exhaust duct 2, meanwhile, heat furnace gas by the heat exchanger 6. Make the heated furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 enter the mechanical dust collector 302 for primary dust removal and purification by the gas exhaust duct 2, and then enter the filter 301 for secondary dust removal and purification. Detect the temperature of furnace gas to be filtered and keep it at about 250° C. on the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301. Carry out online blowback of the filter 301 once every 600 s, heat inert gas for blowback output from the gas supplying unit 303 to 187.5° C. by the heater 304 during blowback, make the inert gas for blowback work on the sintering inorganic porous membrane element, and set the pressure of inert gas for blowback to be 0.6 MPa. The dust content of clean furnace gas is about 5 mg/m.sup.3 after filtration. Crude phosphorus enters corresponding refining boiler 501 after passing through the condensation and recovery system 4 to obtain yellow phosphorus product, and few phosphorus sludge is produced and the dust content in tail gas is very low. Calculate the recovery ratio of yellow phosphorus to be 97%.

Example 3

[0073] After completion of Example 2, directly use the apparatus to continuously carry out Example 3. Continuously add the third batch of 50 ton of mixture to the electric furnace 1 for reaction, and switch to another refining boiler 501. Introduce furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 into the dry dust removal system 3 by the gas exhaust duct 2, meanwhile, heat furnace gas by the heat exchanger 6. Make the heated furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 enter the mechanical dust collector 302 for primary dust removal and purification by the gas exhaust duct 2, and then enter the filter 301 for secondary dust removal and purification. Detect the temperature of furnace gas to be filtered and keep it at about 300° C. on the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301. Carry out online blowback of the filter 301 once every 600 s, heat inert gas for blowback output from the gas supplying unit 303 to 187.5° C. by the heater 304 during blowback, make the inert gas for blowback work on the sintering inorganic porous membrane element, and set the pressure of inert gas for blowback to be 0.6 MPa. The dust content of clean furnace gas is about 5 mg/m.sup.3 after filtration. Crude phosphorus enters corresponding refining boiler 501 after passing through the condensation and recovery system 4 to obtain yellow phosphorus product, and few phosphorus sludge is produced and the dust content in tail gas is very low. Calculate the recovery ratio of yellow phosphorus to be 89%.

[0074] After completion of Example 3, inject inert gas for replacement at 187.5° C. into the filter 301 by the gas supplying unit 303, the heater 304 and the second output tube 306 so as to keep porous membrane element free of paste membrane pollution under the protection of inert gas for replacement.

Example Group 2 (with Another Set of Apparatus Adopted)

Example 4

[0075] Use the phosphorus furnace with a large self baking electrode with a transformer capacity of 74,750 KVA. Continuously add 100 ton of mixture to the electric furnace 1 for reaction, start the gas supplying unit 303 and the heater 304 at the same time, make high-temperature inert gas for preheating enter the filter 301 from the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301 by the second output tube 306, thereby preheat the sintering inorganic porous membrane element (porous membrane element of FeAl intermetallic compound) in the filter 301 to 400° C., and close the valve on the second output tube 306. Then, introduce furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 into the dry dust removal system 3 by the gas exhaust duct 2, meanwhile, heat furnace gas by the heat exchanger 6. Make the heated furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 enter the mechanical dust collector 302 for primary dust removal and purification by the gas exhaust duct 2, and then enter the filter 301 for secondary dust removal and purification. Detect the temperature of furnace gas to be filtered and keep it at about 390° C. on the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301. Carry out online blowback of the filter 301 once every 400 s, heat inert gas for blowback output from the gas supplying unit 303 to 400° C. by the heater 304 during blowback, make the inert gas for blowback work on the sintering inorganic porous membrane element, and set the pressure of inert gas for blowback to be 0.8 MPa. The dust content of clean furnace gas is about 6 mg/m.sup.3 after filtration. Crude phosphorus enters corresponding refining boiler 501 after passing through the condensation and recovery system 4 to obtain yellow phosphorus product, and few phosphorus sludge is produced and the dust content in tail gas is very low. Calculate the recovery ratio of yellow phosphorus to be 97.5%.

Example 5

[0076] After completion of Example 4, directly use the apparatus to continuously carry out Example 5. Continuously add the second batch of 100 ton of mixture to the electric furnace 1 for reaction, and switch to another refining boiler 501. Introduce furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 into the dry dust removal system 3 by the gas exhaust duct 2, meanwhile, heat furnace gas by the heat exchanger 6. Make the heated furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 enter the mechanical dust collector 302 for primary dust removal and purification by the gas exhaust duct 2, and then enter the filter 301 for secondary dust removal and purification. Detect the temperature of furnace gas to be filtered and keep it at about 430° C. on the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301. Carry out online blowback of the filter 301 once every 400 s, heat inert gas for blowback output from the gas supplying unit 303 to 400° C. by the heater 304 during blowback, make the inert gas for blowback work on the sintering inorganic porous membrane element, and set the pressure of inert gas for blowback to be 0.8 MPa. The dust content of clean furnace gas is about 6 mg/m.sup.3 after filtration. Crude phosphorus enters corresponding refining boiler 501 after passing through the condensation and recovery system 4 to obtain yellow phosphorus product, and few phosphorus sludge is produced and the dust content in tail gas is very low. Calculate the recovery ratio of yellow phosphorus to be 98%.

Example 6

[0077] After completion of Example 5, directly use the apparatus to continuously carry out Example 6. Continuously add the third batch of 100 ton of mixture to the electric furnace 1 for reaction, and switch to another refining boiler 501. Introduce furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 into the dry dust removal system 3 by the gas exhaust duct 2, meanwhile, heat furnace gas by the heat exchanger 6. Make the heated furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 enter the mechanical dust collector 302 for primary dust removal and purification by the gas exhaust duct 2, and then enter the filter 301 for secondary dust removal and purification. Detect the temperature of furnace gas to be filtered and keep it at about 500° C. on the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301. Carry out online blowback of the filter 301 once every 400 s, heat inert gas for blowback output from the gas supplying unit 303 to 400° C. by the heater 304 during blowback, make the inert gas for blowback work on the sintering inorganic porous membrane element, and set the pressure of inert gas for blowback to be 0.8 MPa. The dust content of clean furnace gas is about 6 mg/m.sup.3 after filtration. Crude phosphorus enters corresponding refining boiler 501 after passing through the condensation and recovery system 4 to obtain yellow phosphorus product, and few phosphorus sludge is produced and the dust content in tail gas is very low. Calculate the recovery ratio of yellow phosphorus to be 98.5%.

Example 7

[0078] After completion of Example 6, directly use the apparatus to continuously carry out Example 7. Continuously add the fourth batch of 100 ton of mixture to the electric furnace 1 for reaction, and switch to another refining boiler 501. Introduce furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 into the dry dust removal system 3 by the gas exhaust duct 2, meanwhile, heat furnace gas by the heat exchanger 6. Make the heated furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 enter the mechanical dust collector 302 for primary dust removal and purification by the gas exhaust duct 2, and then enter the filter 301 for secondary dust removal and purification. Detect the temperature of furnace gas to be filtered and keep it at about 550° C. on the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301. Carry out online blowback of the filter 301 once every 400 s, heat inert gas for blowback output from the gas supplying unit 303 to 400° C. by the heater 304 during blowback, make the inert gas for blowback work on the sintering inorganic porous membrane element, and set the pressure of inert gas for blowback to be 0.8 MPa. The dust content of clean furnace gas is about 6 mg/m.sup.3 after filtration. Crude phosphorus enters corresponding refining boiler 501 after passing through the condensation and recovery system 4 to obtain yellow phosphorus product, and few phosphorus sludge is produced and the dust content in tail gas is very low. Calculate the recovery ratio of yellow phosphorus to be 98%.

Example 8

[0079] After completion of Example 7, directly use the apparatus to continuously carry out Example 8. Continuously add the fifth batch of 100 ton of mixture to the electric furnace 1 for reaction, and switch to another refining boiler 501. Introduce furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 into the dry dust removal system 3 by the gas exhaust duct 2, meanwhile, heat furnace gas by the heat exchanger 6. Make the heated furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 enter the mechanical dust collector 302 for primary dust removal and purification by the gas exhaust duct 2, and then enter the filter 301 for secondary dust removal and purification. Detect the temperature of furnace gas to be filtered and keep it at about 620° C. on the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301. Carry out online blowback of the filter 301 once every 400 s, heat inert gas for blowback output from the gas supplying unit 303 to 400° C. by the heater 304 during blowback, make the inert gas for blowback work on the sintering inorganic porous membrane element, and set the pressure of inert gas for blowback to be 0.8 MPa. The dust content of clean furnace gas is about 6 mg/m.sup.3 after filtration. Crude phosphorus enters corresponding refining boilers 501 after passing through the condensation and recovery system 4 to obtain yellow phosphorus product, and few phosphorus sludge is produced and the dust content in tail gas is very low. Calculate the recovery ratio of yellow phosphorus to be 90%.

[0080] To implement the yellow phosphorus recovering process of the invention, the condensation and recovery system 4 as shown in FIG. 1 is replaced with the special phosphorous recovery device. As shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the phosphorous recovery device 7 comprises a heat exchange chamber 705 formed with the shell 701 and a partition wall type heat exchanger 702 arranged in the heat exchange chamber 705, a tail gas outlet and a furnace gas inlet which is connected with the output end of the dry dust removal system are arranged on the heat exchange chamber 705, and the internal flow path of the partition wall type heat exchanger 702 is connected with the low-temperature medium source and high-temperature medium source by a switchable unit respectively. In the following examples, chilled brine (at 10-20° C.) will be used as low-temperature medium source and vapor (at 120-150° C.) will be used as high-temperature medium. In the invention, a fin-tube heat exchanger can be used as the partition wall type heat exchanger 702 of the phosphorous recovery device 7. Fins in the fin-tube heat exchanger are vertically set.

[0081] During actual production, multiple phosphorous recovery devices 7 shall be arranged in the production line as shown in FIG. 4 to continuously treat furnace gas. Furnace gas from the output end of the dry dust removal system can selectively enter some phosphorous recovery devices 7 through controlling of valves, and the phosphorous recovery device 7 filled with furnace gas is switched to fill low-temperature medium to the internal flow path of the partition wall type heat exchanger 702 by the switchable unit 704 (e.g., a two-position three-way valve) so as to condense furnace gas in the phosphorous recovery device 7; other phosphorous recovery devices not filled with furnace gas are switched to fill high-temperature medium to the internal flow path of the partition wall type heat exchanger 702 by the switchable units 704 so as to heat and melt the precipitated yellow phosphorus. After these phosphorous recovery devices 7 switched to fill low-temperature medium to the internal flow path of the partition wall type heat exchanger 702 are accompanied by a large amount of yellow phosphorus (it can be judged by the tail gas temperature of the phosphorous recovery devices 7, the increased tail gas temperature indicates reduced heat exchange efficiency) after working for a period of time, these phosphorous recovery devices 7 are switched to fill high-temperature medium to the internal flow path of the partition wall type heat exchanger 702, the phosphorous recovery devices 7 not filled with furnace gas are switched to fill low-temperature medium source to the internal flow path of the partition wall type heat exchanger 702, and furnace gas from the output end of the dry dust removal system is added to these phosphorous recovery devices 7 switched to fill low-temperature medium to the internal flow path of the partition wall type heat exchanger 702. Thus, furnace gas can be continuously condensed by the phosphorous recovery devices 7.

Example 9

[0082] Use the phosphorus furnace with multiple electrodes with a transformer capacity of 15,000 KVA. Continuously add 50 ton of mixture (ore grade, proportion and treatment process are same as those in Example 1) to the electric furnace 1 for reaction, start the gas supplying unit 303 and the heater 304 at the same time, make high-temperature inert gas for preheating enter the filter 301 from the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301 by the second output tube 306, thereby preheat the sintering inorganic porous membrane element (porous membrane element of FeAl intermetallic compound) in the filter 301 to 187.5° C., and close the valve on the second output tube 306. Then, introduce furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 into the dry dust removal system 3 by the gas exhaust duct 2, meanwhile, heat furnace gas by the heat exchanger 6. Make the heated furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 enter the mechanical dust collector 302 for primary dust removal and purification by the gas exhaust duct 2, and then enter the filter 301 for secondary dust removal and purification. Detect the temperature of furnace gas to be filtered and keep it at about 200° C. on the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301. Carry out online blowback of the filter 301 once every 600 s, heat inert gas for blowback output from the gas supplying unit 303 to 187.5° C. by the heater 304 during blowback, make the inert gas for blowback work on the sintering inorganic porous membrane element, and set the pressure of inert gas for blowback to be 0.6 MPa. Make the clean furnace gas with dust content of about 5 mg/m after filtration enter one phosphorous recovery device 7 as shown in FIG. 4 at about 180° C. Switch the phosphorous recovery device 7 to fill low-temperature medium (the said chilled brine) to the internal flow path of the partition wall type heat exchanger 702 so as to condense furnace gas entering the phosphorous recovery device 7. The temperature of the tail gas outlet of the phosphorous recovery device 7 is 10-20° C. After the phosphorous recovery device 7 works for a period of time, close the valve in front of furnace gas inlet of the phosphorous recovery device 7 and open the valve in front of furnace gas inlet of another phosphorous recovery device 7 to fill clean furnace gas at about 180° C. to another phosphorous recovery device 7 and continuously condense furnace gas. Switch the phosphorous recovery device 7 for condensing furnace gas previously to fill high-temperature medium (the said vapor) to the internal flow path of the partition wall type heat exchanger 702 by the switchable unit 704 so as to melt yellow phosphorus and drip yellow phosphorus into the phosphorus recovering tank 703 on the bottom of the phosphorous recovery device 7. Introduce crude phosphorus obtained from the phosphorus recovering tank 703 of respective phosphorous recovery device 7 into the refining boiler 501 to obtain yellow phosphorus product, and few phosphorus sludge is produced and the dust content in tail gas is very low. Calculate the recovery ratio of yellow phosphorus to be 99%.

Example 10

[0083] Use the phosphorus furnace with a large self baking electrode with a transformer capacity of 74,750 KVA. Continuously add 100 ton of mixture (ore grade, proportion and treatment process are same as those in Example 4) to the electric furnace 1 for reaction, start the gas supplying unit 303 and the heater 304 at the same time, make high-temperature inert gas for preheating enter the filter 301 from the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301 by the second output tube 306, thereby preheat the sintering inorganic porous membrane element (porous membrane element of FeAl intermetallic compound) in the filter 301 to 400° C., and close the valve on the second output tube 306. Then, introduce furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 into the dry dust removal system 3 by the gas exhaust duct 2, meanwhile, heat furnace gas by the heat exchanger 6. Make the heated furnace gas discharged from the electric furnace 1 enter the mechanical dust collector 302 for primary dust removal and purification by the gas exhaust duct 2, and then enter the filter 301 for secondary dust removal and purification. Detect the temperature of furnace gas to be filtered and keep it at about 390° C. on the intake tube of furnace gas to be filtered of the filter 301. Carry out online blowback of the filter 301 once every 400 s, heat inert gas for blowback output from the gas supplying unit 303 to 400° C. by the heater 304 during blowback, make the inert gas for blowback work on the sintering inorganic porous membrane element, and set the pressure of inert gas for blowback to be 0.8 MPa. Make clean furnace gas with dust content of about 6 mg/m.sup.3 enter the exhaust heat boiler 8 as shown in FIG. 3 after filtration, and recover quantity of heat in furnace gas. Enter one phosphorous recovery device 7 as shown in FIG. 4 when the output temperature of the exhaust heat boiler 8 is about 180° C. Switch the phosphorous recovery device 7 to fill low-temperature medium (the said chilled brine) to the internal flow path of the partition wall type heat exchanger 702 so as to condense furnace gas entering the phosphorous recovery device 7. The temperature of the tail gas outlet of the phosphorous recovery device 7 is 10-20° C. After the phosphorous recovery device 7 works for a period of time, close the valve in front of furnace gas inlet of the phosphorous recovery device 7 and open the valve in front of furnace gas inlet of another phosphorous recovery device 7 to fill clean furnace gas at about 180° C. to another phosphorous recovery device 7 and continuously condense furnace gas. Switch the phosphorous recovery device 7 for condensing furnace gas previously to fill high-temperature medium (the said vapor) to the internal flow path of the partition wall type heat exchanger 702 by the switchable unit 704 so as to melt yellow phosphorus and drip yellow phosphorus into the phosphorus recovering tank 703 on the bottom of the phosphorous recovery device 7. Introduce crude phosphorus obtained from the phosphorus recovering tank 703 of respective phosphorous recovery device 7 into the refining boiler 501 to obtain yellow phosphorus product, and few phosphorus sludge is produced and the dust content in tail gas is very low. Calculate the recovery ratio of yellow phosphorus to be 98.6%.