Abstract
The invention relates to a sound-absorbing construction component, which is suitable inter alia for use outdoors. The construction element comprises a sound-absorbing absorber layer having a sound entry surface and a plurality of extinguishing profiles fully enclosed in the absorber layer and arranged at a distance from one another. The extinguishing profile consists of a sound-reflecting material and has a profile inner space, which has one open side facing away from the sound entry surface. The extinguishing profile preferably comprises at least one inlet surface having numerous sound inlet openings and at least one closed reflection surface connecting to the inlet surface, wherein the reflection surface and the open side of the extinguishing profile are at a greater distance from the sound entry surface than the inlet surface. The profile inner space is hollow or completely or partially filled with the material of the absorber layer. The invention also relates to a sound protection wall having a backing layer on which numerous sound-absorbing construction components are arranged.
Claims
1. A sound-absorbing construction component, comprising a sound-absorbing absorbent layer having a sound inlet surface and a plurality of sound-proofing profiles arranged at a distance from one another and completely enclosed in the absorbent layer, such that the sound-proofing profile consists of a sound-reflecting material and has a profile interior, which has one open side facing away from the sound inlet surface, characterized in that the profile interior is filled partially or completely with the material of the absorbent layer.
2. The sound-absorbing component according to claim 1, wherein the sound-proofing profile has at least one inlet surface with numerous sound inlet openings and at least one closed reflective surface connected to the inlet surface, such that the reflective surface and the open side of the sound-proofing profiles are spaced a farther distance apart from the sound inlet surface than the inlet surface.
3. The sound-absorbing component according to claim 2, wherein the inlet surface of the sound-proofing profile is spaced a distance away from and parallel to the sound inlet surface, and the inlet surface is connected at an angle to and on both sides of these reflective surfaces.
4. The sound-absorbing construction component according to claim 1, wherein the sound-proofing profile has at least one collar surface, which runs parallel or at an angle to the sound inlet surface and extends outside of the profile interior.
5. The sound-absorbing construction component according to claim 1, wherein the open side of the sound-proofing profiles is at a greater distance from the sound inlet surface than from the back side of the absorbent layer, which is opposite the sound inlet surface, such that the distance (a) from the back side of the absorbent layer is preferably between 15 and 25 mm.
6. The sound-absorbing construction component according claim 1, wherein the sound-proofing profile has a U-shaped, V-shaped, hat-shaped cross section or is in the form of a truncated pyramid.
7. The sound-absorbing construction component according to claim 1, wherein the sound inlet openings perforate the inlet surface and take up 5% to 20% of the inlet surface area.
8. The sound-absorbing construction component according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent layer has a thickness of 50 to 70 mm and is made of a porous absorber material, in particular expanded glass, expanded clay, pumice, crushed rock, wood-reinforced concrete, mineral fiber or a mixture of these materials.
9. The sound-absorbing construction component according to claim 1, wherein the profile interior has a cross-sectional area between 600 and 3000 mm2.
10. A noise abatement wall having a backing layer, wherein numerous sound-absorbing construction components according to claim 1 are attached to the backing layer.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) Additional advantages, details and refinements of the present invention are derived from the following description of preferred specific embodiments with reference to the drawings, in which:
(2) FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the sound-absorbing construction component according to the invention having an absorbent layer;
(3) FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a second specific embodiment of the sound-absorbing construction component having an additional backing layer;
(4) FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the sound-absorbing construction component having a backing layer;
(5) FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of al fourth embodiment of the sound-absorbing construction component;
(6) FIG. 5 shows two views of a sound-proofing profile with examples of dimensions;
(7) FIG. 6 shows a measurement curve of the absorption coefficient α.sub.s as a function of the frequency f of an absorption layer made of expanded glass;
(8) FIG. 7 shows a measurement curve of the absorption coefficient α.sub.s as a function of the frequency f of an absorption layer made of expanded glass with sound-proofing profiles according to the present invention;
(9) FIG. 8 shows a measurement curve of the absorption coefficient α.sub.s as a function of the frequency f of an absorption layer made of expanded clay;
(10) FIG. 9 shows a measurement curve of the absorption coefficient α.sub.s as a function of the frequency f of an absorption layer made of expanded clay with sound-proofing profiles according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(11) FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a sound-absorbing construction component in a simplified cross-sectional view. In this embodiment the sound-absorbing construction component includes an absorbent layer 01 made of a sound-absorbing material, for example, with a degree of absorption α=0.3-0.65. The absorbent layer 01 is designed over the full area and in practice has a thickness of 60 mm, for example. The absorbent layer has a sound inlet surface 02 through which sound waves 03 can enter. Furthermore, the absorbent layer 01 has a back side 04 which is preferably opposite and parallel to the sound entrance surface. A plurality of sound-proofing profiles 05 surrounded completely by the material of the absorbent layer is incorporated into the absorbent layer 01. Each sound-proofing profile 05 consists of a sound-reflecting material, for example, thin sheet metal, plastic or the like. The sound-proofing profile 05 has at least one open side and preferably has one or more inlet surfaces 06 having numerous sound inlet openings 07.
(12) The inlet surface 06 runs parallel to the sound inlet surface 02 of the absorbent layer 01 in the sound-proofing profile shown at the right of FIG. 1 but may also form an angle to the sound inlet surface. With the sound-proofing profile shown at the left of FIG. 1, a first inlet surface runs parallel to the sound inlet surface 02, and second inlet surfaces 06b run at a right angle to the first inlet surface.
(13) In addition, the sound-proofing profile 05 preferably has at least one closed reflective surface 08 which is connected to the inlet surface 06. The reflective surface 08 may run, for example, at approximately a right angle to the sound inlet surface 02 of the absorbent layer 01 (profile at the right of FIG. 1) or may also be designed as a collar surface which is parallel to the sound inlet surface 02 of the absorbent layer 01 (profile at the right of FIG. 1) or approximately at an angle of 45° to the sound inlet surface 02 (profile at the left in FIG. 1). The sound-proofing profile describes a profile interior 09 in cross section having a side that is open and facing away from the sound inlet surface. The profile interior space 09 may be hollow (profile at the left of FIG. 1) or may be filled entirely or partially with the material of the absorbent layer (profile at the right of FIG. 1). The sound-proofing profiles 05 may be arranged side-by-side in a plane or at a planar offset from one another (as shown in FIG. 1).
(14) Different structural shapes of the sound-proofing profiles 05 are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 as examples. Additional modifications, for example, curved or cylindrical cross sections of the sound-proofing profiles are also possible. FIG. 1 shows two U-shaped sound-proofing profiles 05, each of which has lateral collar surfaces 08, completely enclosed in the absorbent layer 01. The collar surfaces act as reflective surfaces 08 and also serve to provide the mechanical hold of the sound-proofing profiles in the absorbent layer.
(15) FIG. 2 shows instead sound-proofing profiles with a cross section in the form of a truncated pyramid, the interior of each profile being filled with the material of the absorbent layer. These two profiles shown as examples each have a collar surface on only one side.
(16) FIG. 2 also shows a backing layer 10 to which the absorbent layer 01 is applied. The backing layer 10 is made of a hard sound reflecting material.
(17) The absorbent layer 01 especially preferably has a thickness of 50 to 70 mm, wherein a thickness of 60 mm is very suitable for manufacturing absorbent sheets, which are subsequently mounted on existing walls or the like, while thicknesses greater than 60 mm are suitable for construction of acoustic walls in particular.
(18) The distance a between the back side 04 and the sound-proofing profiles preferably amounts to 15 to 25 mm. The lateral distance between the sound-proofing profiles preferably amounts to between 200 and 350 mm, based on their respective longitudinal axes.
(19) FIG. 3 shows yet another modified embodiment of the sound-absorbing construction component. The sound-proofing profile shown at the right there has an essentially triangular cross section with the inlet surface 06 being approximately at an angle of 45° to the sound inlet surface 02, a reflective surface 08 shaped as a collar surface running approximately parallel to the sound inlet surface 02 and another reflective surface 08 running approximately at an angle of 45° to the sound inlet surface 02. In the sound-proofing profile shown at the left of FIG. 3, three inlet surfaces 06 are provided, two of them approximately at an angle of 45° to the sound inlet surface 02 with the reflective surface 08 shaped as a collar surface running approximately parallel to the sound inlet surface 02.
(20) FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the sound-absorbing construction component with a particularly simple design, wherein the sound-proofing profiles have an open side but do not have an inlet surface with perforations. The sound-proofing profile shown at the right there has an essentially U-shaped cross section with the two-sided collar surfaces 08 lying approximately at an angle of 45° to the sound inlet surface 02 and all the surfaces of the profile acting as reflective surfaces. With the sound-proofing profile illustrated at the left in FIG. 4, the profile interior is hollow and the collar surfaces run approximately parallel to the sound inlet surface 02.
(21) Additional preferred dimensions of the sound-proofing profiles are given in FIG. 5, which shows an example of a sound-proofing profile 05 in both cross section and in a view from above.
(22) FIGS. 6 through 9 show additional measurement curves of the absorption coefficient α as a function of frequency f, wherein the special effect of the construction components according to the invention is apparent from a comparison of the curves.
(23) FIG. 6 shows a measurement curve of the absorption coefficient α as a function of the frequency f of an absorbent layer made only of expanded glass (grain size 1-2 mm) with a layer thickness of 60 mm. When evaluated according to EN 1793-1, this yields a damping of 11.3 dB in this case. In comparison with that, FIG. 7 shows a measurement curve of the absorption coefficient α as a function of the frequency f of the same absorbent layer made of expanded glass, but in this case a plurality of sound-proofing profiles (made of sheet metal, hat-shaped cross section, hollow profile interior) are integrated into the absorbent layer in the manner described above. It can be seen that there is a definite increase in the absorption coefficient in particular in the frequency range from approx. 250 Hz to approx. 2000 Hz, so that the efficiency of the design according to the invention is proven. When evaluated according to EN 1793-1, a damping of 14.2 dB is obtained in the experimental setup according to FIG. 7, corresponding to an increase of 26%.
(24) FIG. 8 shows a measurement curve for the absorption coefficient α as a function of frequency f of an absorbent layer made only of expanded clay (grain size 2-4 mm) with a layer thickness of 60 mm. When evaluated according to EN 1793-1, a damping of 6.2 dB is obtained in this case. In comparison with that, FIG. 9 shows a measurement curve of the absorption coefficient α as a function of frequency f of the same absorbent layer of expanded clay, but in this case a plurality of sound-proofing profiles (made of sheet metal, hat-shaped cross section, profile interior filled with expanded clay) is integrated into the absorbent layer in the manner described above. It can be seen that there is a definite increase in the absorption coefficient in particular in the frequency range from approx. 250 Hz to approx. 2000 Hz, so that the efficiency of the design according to the invention is proven. When evaluated according to EN 1793-1, a damping of 10.4 dB is found with the experimental setup according to FIG. 9, corresponding to a 68% increase.
(25) Various applications can be constructed using the sound-absorbing construction components according to the invention. A preferred application is a noise abatement wall consisting of numerous sound-absorbing construction components.
(26) Likewise, sound-absorbing construction components may also be used in vehicles, boats or aircraft. The sound-absorbing construction components may be shaped in various specific shapes for this purpose, for example, to conform to the contours of vehicle bodies.
