Portable spray device
11235343 · 2022-02-01
Assignee
Inventors
- Marc Nolte (Limburgerhof, DE)
- Diana Westfalia Moran Puente (Limburgerhof, DE)
- Steffen Henkes (Limburgerhof, DE)
- Christian Kepes (Ludwigshafen, DE)
- Lydia Ludwig (Limburgerhof, DE)
- Siegfried Doerr (Limburgerhof, DE)
- Annett Kuehn (Limburgerhof, DE)
- Raffaello Zito (Limburgerhof, DE)
- Bernd Stockburger (Ludwigsburg, DE)
- Rolf Rehkugler (Korb, DE)
- Juri Mogilewski (Stuttgart, DE)
Cpc classification
B05B12/08
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B05B12/02
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B05B15/40
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B05B9/0888
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B05B12/008
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B05B1/005
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
International classification
B05B12/00
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B05B12/08
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
A01M7/00
HUMAN NECESSITIES
B05B12/02
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
Abstract
The present invention relates to a portable spraying device (1) for discharging a fluid, in particular an agricultural formulation, having a container (2) for holding the fluid, a pump (15), which is in fluid connection with the container (2), for pumping the fluid out of the container (2), a spray gun (21), which comprises a spray opening (27) and an electrically controllable application valve (20) for opening and closing a passage to the spray opening (27), an application line (17), which establishes a fluid connection between the pump (15) and the spray gun (21). The spraying device (1) according to the invention is distinguished by a pressure sensor (19), which is arranged in the application line (17), for detecting the fluid pressure in the application line (17), and an electric control device (28), which is coupled to the application valve (20) and the pressure sensor (19) in terms of data transmission, by means of which device an electric control signal for opening the application valve (20) for a certain predetermined time interval and for closing the application valve (20) on expiry of the time interval can be produced in accordance with the fluid pressure detected by means of the pressure sensor (19), with the result that a defined volume of the fluid is discharged via the spray opening (27).
Claims
1. A portable spraying device for discharging a fluid, the portable spraying device comprising: a container for holding the fluid, a pump, which is in fluid connection with the container, for pumping the fluid out of the container, a spray gun, which comprises a spray opening and an electrically controllable application valve for opening and closing a passage to the spray opening, an application line, which establishes a fluid connection between the pump and the spray gun, a pressure sensor, which is arranged in the application line, for detecting the fluid pressure in the application line, an electric control device, which is coupled to the application valve and the pressure sensor in terms of data transmission, wherein the electric device is adapted to deliver an electric control signal for opening the application valve for a certain predetermined time interval and for closing the application valve on expiry of the time interval in accordance with the fluid pressure detected by means of the pressure sensor, with the result that a defined volume of the fluid is discharged via the spray opening, and an electrically controllable valve, which is arranged between the container and the pump, and which is coupled to the control device in terms of data transmission, wherein ambient air is drawn in by the pump in a first position of the valve, such that ambient air passes through the valve; and fluid is drawn in from the container in a second position of the valve, such that fluid passes through the valve; wherein the application valve is a shutoff valve with a shutoff body for closing a valve passage and the application valve has a valve spring which exerts a force on the shutoff body in the direction of a valve seat in order to close the valve passage or which exerts a force on the shutoff body in the direction away from the valve seat in order to open the valve passage, wherein the application valve has a valve chamber which is in fluid connection with the application line, and wherein the shutoff body is arranged relative to the valve chamber and the valve seat in such a way that a fluid pressure on the part of a fluid in the valve chamber presses the shutoff body onto the valve seat.
2. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the electric control device is coupled to the pump in terms of data transmission, and the pump can be controlled by means of the control device in such a way that a predetermined fluid pressure is applied to the application valve when the application valve is closed.
3. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the application valve can be controlled by means of the control device in such a way that the defined volume of the fluid which is discharged via the spray opening is less than 1 ml.
4. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the valve spring is a leaf spring or a spring disk.
5. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the application valve has a rated size in a range of from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.
6. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the valve spring of the application valve is designed in such a way that the minimum selectable opening time is in a range of from 10 ms to 60 ms when there is a fluid pressure in a range of from 4 bar to 10 bar at the application valve and the dynamic viscosity of the fluid is in a range of from 25 mPa.Math.s to 70 mPa.Math.s.
7. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the formulation to be dispensed can be detected and the opening time of the application valve can be controlled by the control device in accordance with the viscosity detected.
8. The portable spraying device of claim 7, wherein there is arranged in the container a temperature sensor coupled to the control device, and the control device is designed to calculate the viscosity of the formulation to be dispensed in accordance with the temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
9. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the application valve has at least one electromagnet, by means of which it is possible to exert on the shutoff body a force for opening or closing the application valve counter to the force exerted by the valve spring.
10. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the application valve is a plate armature valve.
11. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein, when closing the application valve, the shutoff body exerts on the fluid a pressure which is greater than the predetermined fluid pressure by a factor of at least 1.2.
12. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the spray opening is arranged in a hollow-cone nozzle.
13. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the pump is a self-priming pump.
14. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the pump is an electric diaphragm pump.
15. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein a pulsation damper is arranged in the application line.
16. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the spraying device has a switching device for setting an operating mode of the spraying device.
17. The portable spraying device of claim 16, wherein the control device is designed, in a first operating mode, to control the valve in such a way that it is in the first position, with the result that ambient air is pumped through the application line.
18. The portable spraying device of claim 16, wherein the control device is designed, in a second operating mode, to control the valve in such a way that it is in the second position, in which fluid is drawn in from the container, and that fluid is pumped continuously out of the container through the application line.
19. The portable spraying device of claim 16, wherein the control device is designed, in a second operating mode, to control the valve in such a way that it is in the second position, in which fluid is drawn in from the container, and to control the pump and the application valve in such a way that a defined volume of the fluid is discharged via the spray opening if the pressure sensor detects that the fluid pressure is above a threshold.
20. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the weight of the spraying device when the container is empty is less than 15 kg.
21. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the spraying device comprises a carrying system designed as a backpack.
22. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the container can be fastened detachably to the spraying device, and the spraying device comprises a cap, by means of which a removal opening of the container can be closed fluid tightly, wherein a removal line passes fluid tightly through the cap, projecting with one end into the container and, at the other end, outside the container, having a coupling for coupling to a connecting line.
23. The portable spraying device of claim 22, wherein the container is held by the spraying device in such a way that the removal opening closed by the cap faces downward.
24. The portable spraying device of claim 1, wherein the spray gun is designed as a handheld part, and a fastening device for detachably fastening the application line to an arm of a user is arranged on the application line.
25. A portable spraying device for discharging a fluid, the portable spraying device comprising: a container for holding the fluid, a pump, which is in fluid connection with the container, for pumping the fluid out of the container, a spray gun, which comprises a spray opening and an electrically controllable application valve for opening and closing a passage to the spray opening, an application line, which establishes a fluid connection between the pump and the spray gun, a pressure sensor, which is arranged in the application line, for detecting the fluid pressure in the application line, an electric control device, which is coupled to the application valve and the pressure sensor in terms of data transmission, wherein the electric device is adapted to deliver an electric control signal for opening the application valve for a certain predetermined time interval and for closing the application valve on expiry of the time interval in accordance with the fluid pressure detected by means of the pressure sensor, with the result that a defined volume of the fluid is discharged via the spray opening, and an electrically controllable valve, which is arranged between the container and the pump, and which is coupled to the control device in terms of data transmission, wherein ambient air is drawn in by the pump in a first position of the valve, such that ambient air passes through the valve; and fluid is drawn in from the container in a second position of the valve, such that fluid passes through the valve.
Description
(1) An example of the spraying device according to the invention is explained in detail below with reference to the drawings.
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8) As shown in
(9) The arrangement of the riser line 33 is shown in detail in
(10) As shown in
(11) Arranged on the pump 15 is a temperature sensor 16, by means of which the temperature of the pump 15 can be measured and by means of which it is possible to prevent the pump 15 from overheating.
(12) Arranged at the outlet of the pump 15 is the first end of an application line 17. Arranged in the application line 17, there is first of all, in the direction of delivery, a pulsation damper 18, which smooths the pressure pulses of the fluid pumped by the pump 15. Arranged after this in the direction of the fluid in the application device 17 there is a pressure sensor 19, which measures the fluid pressure of the fluid in the application line 17.
(13) As shown in
(14) The spray gun 21 is shown in detail in
(15) In the interior, the spray gun 21 has a valve housing 23 with an application valve 20. The construction of the application valve 20 is explained below in detail. The application valve 20 is electronically controllable and, for this purpose, is connected to the electric lead 45. The inlet of the application valve 20 is connected to the application line 17, which is continued in the spray gun 21. The outlet of the application valve 20 is connected via a filter 25 to a nozzle 26, which has a spray opening 27. The application valve 20 thus opens and closes a passage from the application line 17 to the spray opening 27.
(16) In this example, the nozzle 26 is configured as a hollow-cone nozzle. Moreover, the application valve 20 is arranged very close to the nozzle 26. In the present example, the distance between the nozzle 26 and the application valve 20 is less than 2 cm.
(17) In a different example, it would also be possible for the pressure sensor 19 to be arranged directly ahead of the application valve 20 in the application line 17. In this case, a further connection, in terms of data transmission, would have to be established between the pressure sensor 19 and the control device 28 via the electric lead 45.
(18) The spray gun 21 furthermore comprises an electronic, manually actuable trigger 24, which is also connected to the electric lead 45, but independently of the electric coupling of the application valve 20 to the electric lead 45. To achieve this, the electric lead 45 is of multi-core configuration, for example.
(19) As shown in
(20) In this way, the control device 28 can control the position of the valve 8. The pressure sensor 19 can furthermore transmit to the control device 28 the fluid pressure measured in the application line 17. Moreover, the temperature sensor 16 can transmit the measured temperature of the pump 15 to the control device 28. Furthermore, the control device 28 can switch the application valve 20 from a closed state to an open state for a defined time interval or continuously when the trigger 24 is actuated.
(21) Also accommodated in the housing 6 of the spraying device 1 is a battery 30, which supplies all the electric components of the spraying device directly or indirectly with power, as necessary.
(22) The control device 28 is furthermore connected to the pump 5 via a switch 29 actuable by the control device 28 and via the battery 30. By switching the switch 29, the control device 28 can start and stop the pump 15.
(23) As shown in
(24) The carrying system has a hip belt. In this arrangement, a bottom edge of the holding device is arranged, in particular, at the same level in the vertical direction as the bottom edge of the hip belt or above the bottom edge of the hip belt.
(25) The weight of the spraying device 1 when the container 2 is empty is less than 15 kg, preferably less than 10 kg, allowing the user to carry the spraying device 1 on his or her back by means of the carrying system 31. In this situation, the application line 17 is fastened to the users arm by means of the fastening device 44 and the user holds the spray gun 21 in his or her hand. With one finger, the user can then actuate the trigger 24 and point the nozzle 26 in the direction of the application area.
(26) The application valve 20 is explained in detail below with reference to
(27) In the present example, the application valve 20 is a shutoff valve, which is designed as a plate armature valve. It has a fluid inlet 36 and a fluid outlet 37. Via the fluid inlet 36, fluid enters the valve chamber 38. The latter is in fluid connection with the application line 17. A valve seat 39, which surrounds an opening leading to the fluid outlet 37, is formed centrally in the valve chamber 38. A shutoff body 40, which is designed as a plate armature, is arranged movably within the valve chamber 38. The shutoff body 40 is arranged relative to the valve chamber 38 and the valve seat 39 in such a way that a fluid pressure on the part of a fluid in the valve chamber 38 presses the shutoff body 40 onto the valve seat. The force exerted by the fluid on the shutoff body acts in particular parallel to the direction of movement of the shutoff body 40 in the direction of the valve seat 39. The fluid pressure acts in the direction of closing of the application valve.
(28) The shutoff body 40 is connected to a valve spring 41. The valve spring 41 is designed as a disk-shaped leaf spring or spring disk. It is connected to the housing of the application valve 20 and to the shutoff body 40 in such a way that it exerts a force on the shutoff body 40 in the direction of the valve seat 39.
(29) Thus, the valve spring 41 presses the shutoff body 40 against the valve seat 39, ensuring that the passage from the valve chamber 38 to the fluid outlet 37 is sealed off.
(30) The application valve 20 furthermore comprises one or more electromagnets with magnet coils 42, which are connected via the electric lead 45 to the control device 28 and the battery 30. By means of the control device 28, it is possible in this way to apply a voltage across the magnet coils 42, which then generate a magnetic field that exerts a force on the shutoff body 40 which is counter to the force exerted by the valve spring 42. For this purpose, the shutoff body 40 is composed of a ferromagnetic material.
(31) If there is no voltage across the magnet coils 42, the application valve 20 is thus closed. When there is a voltage across the magnet coils 42, the shutoff body 40 is raised from the valve seat 39 by the magnetic field generated by the magnet coils 42, with the result that the application valve 20 is opened. In this case, fluid can flow from the fluid inlet 36 into the valve chamber 38 and, from there, to the fluid outlet 37. If the magnet coils 42 are then separated from the power supply, with the result that there is no longer a voltage across the magnet coils 42, the force exerted by the valve spring 41 moves the shutoff body 40 back in the direction of the valve seat 39 and closes the application valve 20 again. The time required by the application valve 20 to close depends, on the one hand, on the spring constant of the valve spring 41 and, on the other hand, on the viscosity of the fluid in the valve chamber 38. It has been found here that very short closing times for the application valve 20 can be achieved only if the spring force exerted by the valve spring 41 on the shutoff body 40 is high when viscous fluids are used. Thus, it is also only in this case that opening times of the application valve 20 which are only very short can be achieved.
(32) As an alternative, the valve spring 41 can conversely also be connected to the housing of the application valve 20 and the shutoff body 40 in such a way that it exerts a force on the shutoff body 40 in the direction away from the valve seat 39. The valve spring 41 then presses the shutoff body 40 away from the valve seat 39, with the result that the passage from the valve chamber 38 to the fluid outlet 37 is opened. If in this case there is no voltage across the magnet coils 42, the application valve 20 is opened, provided that the force exerted by the fluid does not exceed the force exerted by the valve spring 41. If there is voltage across the magnet coils 42, the shutoff body 40 is pressed against the valve seat 39 by the magnetic field generated by the magnet coils 42, with the result that the application valve 20 is closed.
(33) Here, the viscosity of the fluid is in a range of from 25 mPa.Math.s to 70 mPa.Math.s, measured at a temperature of between −5° C. and 20° C. and a shear rate of 100 s.sup.−1. In this case, the low viscosities in this range occur at the higher temperatures, whereas the higher viscosities of the range occur at the lower temperatures.
(34) The viscosity of an agricultural formulation for which the spraying device 1 according to the invention is suitable was determined, for example, by the CIPAC MT 192 method (Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council, Ltd. (CIPAC) Handbook: MT 192 Viscosity of Liquids by Rotational Viscometry; CIPAC, Hatching Green, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, England 2005), in which a Kinexus-series rotational viscosimeter made by Malvern was used. The viscosimeter is fitted with a plate measurement system. In the measurement process, the fluid was poured onto the measurement system and a waiting time of 30 seconds was observed, until a defined test temperature had been established. Shear forces were then exerted, and in this way the viscosity was measured. In this case, the following viscosities were obtained at a shear rate of 100 s.sup.−1: 30° C.: 19 mPa.Math.s; 25° C.: 21 mPa.Math.s; 20° C.: 23 mPa.Math.s; 15° C.: 26 mPa.Math.s; 10° C.: 30 mPa.Math.s; 5° C.: 34 mPa.Math.s; 0° C.: 41 mPa.Math.s; −5° C.: 48 mPa.Math.s; −10° C.: 60 mPa.Math.s.
(35) The spring constant of the valve spring 41 was then chosen so that the minimum selectable opening time of the application valve 20 is in a range of from 10 ms to 40 ms, in particular from 20 ms to 30 ms. These switching times were achieved at a fluid pressure of 6 bar. For this purpose, the chosen thickness of the valve spring, designed as a spring disk, was 0.4 mm. To ensure that the force exerted by the valve spring 41 as a result can be overcome by the magnet coils 42, the chosen resistance of the magnet coils 42 was lower in order to increase the force exerted by the magnetic field on the shutoff body 40. According to the invention, it was thereby possible to achieve the desired very short opening times of the application valve 20, even in the case of a fluid, even when the viscosity of the fluid is in the indicated range. The spring constant of the valve spring 41 is thus matched to the viscosity of the fluid which is to be discharged by the spraying device 1.
(36) The rated size of the application valve 20 is in a range of from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and, in the present example, the nominal size was 1 mm. This ensured that the fluid volume discharged in a shot discharged by the spraying device 1 was less than or equal to 1 ml at a fluid pressure in a range of from 4 bar to 10 bar and the abovementioned dynamic viscosity of the fluid.
(37) Since only a very small fluid volume is discharged per shot, there is only a very small pressure drop in the application line 17 after a shot. Thus, it is only very seldom that the pump 15 has to run to build up the target pressure. For this reason, the energy consumption of the pump 15 is very low, and therefore the battery 30 can be of relatively small dimensions. This has the advantage that the portable spraying device 1 can be made very light.
(38) The operation of the spraying device 1 and, in conjunction therewith, further details of the spraying device 1 are explained below:
(39) First of all, the user sets the operating mode of the spraying device 1 by means of the switching device 46. In a first operating mode, ambient air is to be blown through the spraying device 1. In this case, the control device 28 controls the valve 8 in such a way that the air inlet 9 is connected to the valve outlet 13. When the user then actuates the trigger 24, the control device 28 controls the pump 15 in continuous mode by continuous closure of the switch 29. The application valve 20 is furthermore switched to an open position for as long as the trigger 24 is actuated by the user. Thus, ambient air is drawn in via the air opening 11 and blown through the application line 17, the application valve 20 and the nozzle 26. As soon as the user is no longer actuating the trigger 24, the pump 15 stops and the application valve 20 closes.
(40) The user can furthermore select a second operating mode by means of the switching device 46. In this case, the control device 28 controls the valve 8 in such a way that the fluid inlet 12 is connected to the valve outlet 13. When the user actuates the trigger 24, the control device 28 controls the pump 15 in such a way that it runs in continuous mode. The application valve 20 is furthermore open for as long as the user actuates the trigger 24. In this case, fluid is drawn in from the container 2 via the filter 32 and pumped through the application line 17 by means of the pump 15 and discharged at the nozzle 26. This second operating mode serves to flush the spraying device 1. During flushing, the temperature sensor 16 measures the temperature of the pump 15 and transmits the measured value intermittently to the control device 28. If the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 16 exceeds a permitted limit, the control device 28 switches the pump 15 off.
(41) If, after flushing, the user wants to use the spraying device 12 for spraying a small quantity of fluid onto an application area, e.g. a pruned vine, the user selects the third operating mode at the switching device 46. In the third operating mode, there is additionally a choice of various quantities by weight of the fluid or fluid volumes which are discharged in one shot. Depending on the setting at the switching device 46, it is possible to specify that 0.15 g or 0.2 g or 0.25 g or 0.3 g of fluid or the volumes resulting therefrom at a certain density are discharged in each shot, for example.
(42) In this third operating mode, the control device 28 controls the valve 8 in such a way that the fluid inlet 12 is in fluid connection with the valve outlet 13, with the result that fluid in the container 2 can be drawn in. The control device 28 furthermore controls the pump 15 in such a way that a certain fluid pressure is present in the application line 17. If the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 19 and transmitted to the control device 28 is less than this pressure, which can be 6 bar for example, the control device 28 switches the pump 15 on briefly until the fluid pressure present in the application line 17 corresponds to the target pressure of, in this case, 6 bar.
(43) The arrangement of the pressure sensor 19 in the application line 17 ensures that there is always a defined fluid pressure, controllable by the control device 28, at the inlet of the application valve 20.
(44) If the user actuates the trigger 24 before this target pressure is present in the application line 17, the control device 28 prevents the application valve 20 being opened. However, if the target pressure of 6 bar is present in the application line 17, the application valve 20 is opened for a predetermined time interval, which is stored in the control device 28, when the trigger 24 is actuated, and it is closed again on expiry of this time interval. As an alternative, a target pressure range or a minimum target pressure can also be stored in the control device 28. In this case, the application valve 20 is opened when the trigger 24 is actuated if the measured pressure is in the target pressure range or above the minimum target pressure.
(45) Via the nozzle 26, a shot is then discharged, during which a precisely defined quantity by weight or a precisely defined volume of the fluid is discharged via the spray opening 27. The length of the time interval can be 28 ms, for example, wherein 0.3 g of fluid is discharged in this time interval, for example. If the user has selected a different fluid volume for the discharge at the switching device 46, the time interval, selected by the control device 28, for which the application valve 20 opens upon actuation of the trigger 24 is correspondingly different. The respective opening times are stored in a memory of the control device 28. They have been determined in advance for the fluid pressure and for a particular viscosity by means of a calibration process. The temperatures can vary in a range of from −5° C. to 20° C.
(46) In another example, the control device 28 can also calculate the viscosity of the fluid by measuring the external temperature or the temperature in the container 2, and can then determine the time interval in accordance with the calculated viscosity of the fluid in each case.
LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
(47) 1 spraying device
(48) 2 container
(49) 3 cap
(50) 4 quick-action coupling
(51) 5 connecting hose
(52) 6 housing
(53) 7 opening
(54) 8 valve
(55) 9 air inlet
(56) 10 filter
(57) 11 air opening
(58) 12 fluid inlet
(59) 13 valve outlet
(60) 14 fluid line
(61) 15 pump
(62) 16 temperature sensor
(63) 17 application line
(64) 18 pulsation damper
(65) 19 pressure sensor
(66) 20 application valve
(67) 21 spray gun
(68) 22 coupling
(69) 23 valve housing
(70) 24 trigger
(71) 25 filter
(72) 26 nozzle
(73) 27 spray opening
(74) 28 control device
(75) 29 switch
(76) 30 battery
(77) 31 carrying system
(78) 32 filter
(79) 33 riser line, removal line
(80) 34 bell-shaped body
(81) 35 openings
(82) 36 fluid inlet
(83) 37 fluid outlet
(84) 38 valve chamber
(85) 39 valve seat
(86) 40 plate armature. Shutoff body
(87) 41 valve spring
(88) 42 magnet coils
(89) 43 opening
(90) 44 fastening device
(91) 45 electric lead
(92) 46 switching device