High strength galvannealed steel sheet and method of producing such steel sheet

Abstract

High strength galvannealed steel sheet having, a) a composition consisting of (in wt. %): C 0.10-0.2, Mn 2.0-3.0, Si 0.2-0.5, Cr 0.1-0.7, Ti 0.01-0.07, Al≤0.2, Nb<0.05, Mo<0.1, optionally B 0.001-0.005, balance Fe apart from impurities, b) a multiphase microstructure comprising (in vol. %) retained austenite 4-20, martensite 5-25, bainitic ferrite ≤10, polygonal ferrite ≤10, balance bainite+tempered martensite 50-90, c) a tensile strength (Rm) 1180-1300 MPa, a yield strength (R.sub.p0.2) 800-970 MPa, an elongation (A50) ≥8%, or an elongation (A80) ≥6%, and d) a bendability value Ri/t of ≤4 for a sample having the size of 35 mm×100 mm, wherein Ri is the bending radius in mm and t is the thickness in mm of the steel sheet.

Claims

1. A high strength galvannealed steel sheet, having: a) a steel composition consisting of the following elements (in wt. %): TABLE-US-00006 C 0.10-0.2,  Mn 2.0-3.0, Si 0.2-0.5, Cr 0.1-0.7, Ti 0.01-0.07, Al ≤0.2, Nb <0.05, Mo <0.1, optionally, B 0.001-0.005,  and balance Fe apart from impurities, b) a multiphase microstructure comprising (in vol. %): TABLE-US-00007 retained austenite 5-20, martensite 5-25, bainitic ferrite ≤10, polygonal ferrite ≤10, and balance, bainite + tempered martensite  50-90, c) a tensile strength (R.sub.m) 1180-1300 MPa, and optionally, at least one of the following mechanical properties: TABLE-US-00008 a yield strength (R.sub.po.2) 800-970 MPa, an elongation (A.sub.50) ≥8%, and an elongation (A.sub.80) ≥6%, and d) a bendability according to a 90° V Bend test value Ri/t of ≤4 for a sample having the size of 35 mm×100 mm, wherein Ri is the bending radius in mm and t is the thickness in mm of the steel sheet.

2. The high strength galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the composition fulfills at least one of: TABLE-US-00009 C 0.14-0.19, Mn 2.3-2.7, Si 0.2-0.5, Cr 0.2-0.6, Si + Cr 0.5-1.0, Al ≤0.2, Ti 0.01-0.05, Nb <0.03, Mo <0.05.

3. The high strength galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 2, wherein the composition further fulfills the following requirement: B 0.002-0.004.

4. The high strength galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 1, fulfilling at least one of: TABLE-US-00010 retained austenite  5-15, martensite 10-20, bainitic ferrite ≤5, polygonal ferrite ≤8, bainite + tempered martensite 60-80, and an elongation (A.sub.80) ≥8%.

5. The high strength galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the multiphase microstructure comprises (in vol. %): TABLE-US-00011 retained austenite  5-15, martensite 10-20, bainitic ferrite ≤5, polygonal ferrite ≤8, and bainite + tempered martensite  60-80.

6. The high strength galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the multiphase microstructure comprises (in vol. %): TABLE-US-00012 retained austenite  5-10, martensite 10-20, bainitic ferrite ≤2, polygonal ferrite ≤2, and bainite + tempered martensite  60-80.

7. The high strength galvannealed steel sheet according to claim 1, fulfilling the following requirements: a) the steel composition consists of (in wt. %): TABLE-US-00013 C 0.14-0.19, Mn 2.3-2.7, Si 0.2-0.5, Cr 0.2-0.6, Si + Cr 0.5-1.0, Al ≤0.2, Ti 0.01-0.05, Nb <0.03, Mo <0.05, and optionally, B 0.002-0.004, and balance Fe apart from impurities, b) the multiphase microstructure comprises (in vol. %): TABLE-US-00014 retained austenite  5-15, martensite 10-20, and bainite + tempered martensite 60-80, c) mechanical properties: TABLE-US-00015 tensile strength (R.sub.m) 1180-1300 MPa, yield strength (R.sub.p0.2)  800-970 MPa, elongation (A.sub.50) ≥8%, and elongation (A.sub.80) ≥6%, and d) a bendability according to the 90° V Bend test value Ri/t of ≤4 for a sample having the size of 35 mm×100 mm, wherein Ri is the bending radius in mm and t is the thickness in mm of the steel sheet.

8. A method of producing a high strength galvannealed steel sheet, comprising: providing a hot rolled steel sheet, subjecting the hot rolled sheet to pickling, batch annealing the pickled sheet at a temperature of 450-620° C. for a time of 5-20 hours, cold rolling the annealed steel sheet to obtain a thickness reduction of at least 50%, annealing the cold rolled steel sheet in a continuous annealing line at a temperature of 780-870° C. for a time of 30-120 seconds, cooling the steel sheet to a temperature of 350-460° C., optionally, reheating the steel sheet to 400-500° C., hot dip galvanizing the steel sheet, galvannealing the sheet at a temperature of 500-600° C., and cooling the galvannealed steel sheet to ambient temperature, wherein the galvannealed steel sheet has: a) a steel composition consisting of the following elements (in wt. %): TABLE-US-00016 C 0.10-0.2,  Mn 2.0-3.0, Si 0.2-0.5, Cr 0.1-0.7, Ti 0.01-0.07, Al ≤0.2, Nb <0.05, Mo <0.1, optionally, B 0.001-0.005,  and balance Fe apart from impurities, b) a multiphase microstructure comprising (in vol. %): TABLE-US-00017 retained austenite  5-20, martensite  5-25, bainitic ferrite ≤10, polygonal ferrite ≤10, balance, bainite + tempered martensite  50-90, c) a tensile strength (R.sub.m) 1180-1300 MPa, and optionally, at least one of the following mechanical properties: TABLE-US-00018 a yield strength (R.sub.po.2) 800-970 MPa, an elongation (A.sub.50) ≥8%, and an elongation (A.sub.80) ≥6%, and d) a bendability according to a 90° V Bend test value Ri/t of ≤4 for a sample having the size of 35 mm×100 mm, wherein Ri is the bending radius in mm and t is the thickness in mm of the steel sheet.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the cooling rate is ≤150° C./s.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(1) The invention is described in the claims.

(2) The steel sheet has a composition consisting of the following elements (in wt. %):

(3) TABLE-US-00001 C 0.1-0.2 Mn 2.0-3.0 Si 0.2-0.5 Cr 0.1-0.7 Al ≤0.2 Ti 0.01-0.07 Nb <0.05 Mo <0.1 optionally B 0.001-0.005
balance Fe apart from impurities.

(4) The importance of the separate elements and their interaction with each other as well as the limitations of the chemical ingredients of the claimed alloy are briefly explained in the following. All percentages for the chemical composition of the steel are given in weight % (wt. %) throughout the description. The amount of hard phases is given in volume % (vol. %). Upper and lower limits of the individual elements can be freely combined within the limits set out in the claims.

(5) C: 0.10-0.2%

(6) C is an element which stabilizes austenite and is important for obtaining sufficient carbon within the retained austenite phase. C is also important for obtaining the desired strength level. Generally, an increase of the tensile strength in the order of 100 MPa per 0.1% C can be expected. When C is lower than 0.1% then it is difficult to attain a tensile strength of 1180 MPa. If C exceeds 0.2%, then weldability is impaired. The upper limit may be 0.19, 0.18 or 0.17%. The lower limit may be 0.11, 0.12, 0.12, 0.14 or 0.15%. A preferred range is 0.14-0.19%.

(7) Mn: 2.0-3.0%

(8) Manganese is a solid solution strengthening element, which stabilises the austenite by lowering the M.sub.s temperature and prevents ferrite and pearlite to be formed during cooling. In addition, Mn lowers the A.sub.c3 temperature. At a content of less than 2% it might be difficult to obtain a tensile strength of 1180 MPa and the austenitizing temperature might be too high for conventional industrial annealing lines. However, if the amount of Mn is higher than 3%, problems with segregation may occur and the workability may be deteriorated. The upper limit may be 2.99, 2.9, 2.7, 2.6 or 2.5%%. The lower limit may be 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 or 2.4%. A preferred range is 2.3-2.7%.

(9) Si: 0.2-0.5

(10) Si acts as a solid solution strengthening element and is important for securing the strength of the thin steel sheet. However, if the content is too high, then the coatability of the steel sheet deteriorates. The upper limit is therefore 0.5% and may be restricted to or 0.45%. The lower limit may be 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 or 0.40%. A preferred range is 0.25-0.45%.

(11) Cr: 0.1-0.7

(12) Cr is effective in increasing the strength of the steel sheet. Cr is an element that forms ferrite and retards the formation of pearlite and bainite. The A.sub.c3 temperature and the M.sub.s temperature are only slightly lowered with increasing Cr content. Unexpected, the addition of Cr results in a strong increasing amount of stabilized retained austenite. The amount of Cr is limited to 0.7%. The upper limit may be 0.65, 0.60, 0.55 or 0.50%. The lower limit may be 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 or 0.40%. A preferred range is 0.2-0.6%.

(13) Si+Cr: 0.5-1.1

(14) Si and Cr when added in combination have a synergistic and completely unforeseen effect on the increased amount of residual austenite, which, in turn, results in an improved ductility and bendability. For these reasons the amount of Si+Cr is preferably limited to the range of 0.5 to 1.1%. The lower amount may be 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.70 or 0.75%. The upper limit may be 1.05, 1.0, 0.95, 0.90 or 0.85%.

(15) Ti: 0.01-0.07

(16) Ti is commonly used in low alloyed steels for improving strength and toughness, because of its influence on the grain size by forming carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides. However, the effect tends to be saturated above 0.07%. Therefore, the lowest limit of Ti is 0.01% and may be set to 0.02 or 0.04%. The upper limit is 0.07% and may be set to 0.06, 0.05 or 0.04%. A preferred range is 0.03-0.04%.

(17) Al: ≤0.2

(18) Al promotes ferrite formation and is also commonly used as a deoxidizer. The M.sub.s temperature is increased with an increasing Al content. A further drawback of Al is that it results in a drastic increase in the A.sub.c3 temperature. For these reasons the Al content is preferably limited to less than 0.1%, most preferably to less than 0.06%.

(19) Nb: <0.05

(20) Nb is commonly used in low alloyed steels for improving strength and toughness, because of its influence on the grain size. Nb increases the strength elongation balance by refining the matrix microstructure and the retained austenite phase due to precipitation of NbC. The steel may contain Nb in an amount of ≤0.05%, preferably ≤0.03%. A deliberate addition of Nb is not necessary according to the present invention. The upper limit may therefore be restricted to ≤0.01%.

(21) Mo: <0.1

(22) Mo can be added in order to improve the strength. However, Mo is normally not deliberately added. The upper limit may therefore be 0.05 or 0.03%.

(23) B: 0.001-0.005

(24) B may optionally be added. B suppresses the formation of ferrite and improves the weldability of the steel sheet. In order to have a noticeable effect at least 0.001% should be added. However, excessive amounts of deteriorate the workability.

(25) Preferred ranges are 0.002-0.005% and 0.0002-0.005%.

(26) The galvannealed steel sheet has a multiphase microstructure comprising (in vol. %)

(27) TABLE-US-00002 retained austenite 5-20 martensite 5-25 bainitic ferrite ≤10 polygonal ferrite ≤10 balance bainite + tempered martensite 50-90 

(28) The amount of retained austenite (RA) is 5-20%, preferably 5-10%. Because of the TRIP effect retained austenite is a pre-requisite when high elongation is necessary. High amount of residual austenite decreases the stretch flangability. The lower amount may be set to 5, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 or 7%.

(29) Martensite may be present in the final microstructure in an amount of 5-25%. These martensite particles are often in close contact with the retained austenite particles and are therefore called martensite-austenite (MA) particles. The amount of retained austenite was measured by means of the saturation magnetization method described in detail in Proc. Int. Conf. on TRIP-aided high strength ferrous alloys (2002), Ghent, Belgium, p. 61-64.

(30) Bainitic ferrite and polygonal ferrite are not desired microstructural constituents. They are therefore limited to 10% each.

(31) The main part of the microstructure consists of bainite and tempered martensite. These constituents may be difficult to distinguish from each other. Therefore, the total content of both constituents is limited to 50-90%. The amount is normally in the range of 60-80%.

(32) The mechanical properties of the claimed steel are important. The steel has a tensile strength (R.sub.m) of 1180-1300 MPa and, optionally, at least one of the following requirements should be fulfilled:

(33) TABLE-US-00003 a yield strength (R.sub.p0.2) 800-970 MPa an elongation (A.sub.50) ≥8% an elongation (A.sub.80) ≥6%

(34) The bendability should fulfil a 90° V Bend test value Ri/t≤4 in rolling and transverse directions of the strip for a sample having a width of 30-50 mm, preferably 35 mm and a length of 100 mm, wherein Ri is the bending radius in mm and t is the thickness in mm of the steel sheet.

(35) Preferably, all these requirements are fulfilled at the same time. The lower limit of the yield strength may be set to 810, 820, 830, 840, 850, 860 or 870 MPa.

(36) The R.sub.m, R.sub.p0.2 and A.sub.80 values are derived according to the European norm EN 10002 Part 1, wherein the samples were taken in the longitudinal direction of the strip. The elongation (A.sub.50) is derived in accordance with the Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z 2241: 2011.

(37) The bendability is evaluated by the ratio of the limiting bending radius (Ri), which is defined as the minimum bending radius with no occurrence of cracks, and the sheet thickness, (t). For this purpose, a 90° V-shaped block is used to bend the steel sheet sample in a quasi-static condition (15 mm/min). The preferred sample size is 35 mm×100 mm×t mm. The samples are examined both by eye and under optical microscope with 25 times magnification in order to investigate the occurrence of cracks.

(38) Further information of this testing method can be found in the public-open master thesis document: Bendability of Dual Phase steels (DP) and V Bend Test Parameter Optimization, A. Ugar Tuna, Politecnico di Milano: Reference: Matr. 758811, Milan, 2011/2012; Academic year 2012; web link: https://www.politesi.polimi.it/bitstream/10589/42761/1/2012_04_Tuna.pdf

(39) The mechanical properties of the steel sheets of the present invention can be largely adjusted by the alloying composition and the microstructure.

(40) The steel sheets of the present invention can be produced in a conventional industrial annealing line. The processing comprises the steps of: a) providing a hot rolled steel sheet having a composition as set out in any of the preceding claims, b) subjecting the hot rolled sheet to pickling, c) batch annealing the pickled sheet at a temperature of 450-620° C. for a time of 5-20 hours, d) cold rolling the annealed steel sheet to obtain a thickness reduction of at least 50%, e) annealing the cold rolled steel sheet in a continuous annealing line at a temperature of 780-870° C. for a time of 30-120 seconds, f) cooling the steel sheet to a temperature of 350-460° C. a cooling rate of ≤150° C./s, g) optionally, reheating the steel sheet to 400-500° C., h) hot dip galvanizing the steel sheet, i) galvannealing the sheet at a temperature of 500-600° C., j) cooling the galvannealed steel sheet to ambient temperature.

(41) The process shall preferably comprise the following steps: in step c) the batch annealing temperature may be set to 500-610° C., 520-610° C. or 550-600° C. and the holding time may be 7-15 hours or 8-12 hours, in step d) the thickness reduction may be 55, 60, 65, 70 or 75%, in step e) the annealing temperature may be 800-870, 820-860, or 830-860° C. and the holding time may be 30-110, 35-100, 40-90, 40-80 or 40-70 seconds, in step f) the cooling temperature may be 350-440, 350-420 or 350-400° C. and the cooling rate may be ≤120, ≤110, ≤100, ≤90 or ≤70° C./s, in step h) it may be preferred to have a zinc bath temperature of 440-480 or 450-470° C., and in step i) the galvannealing temperature may be 520-580 or 540-560° C. The present inventors have recognized that the hot rolled sheet needs to be subjected to batch annealing before cold rolling in order to obtain a microstructure, which is necessary for cold-rolling with narrow thickness deviation.

EXAMPLES

(42) A steel having the composition set out below was prepared by conventional steel metallurgy, continuously cast and subjected to hot rolling to a thickness of 3.8 mm.

(43) TABLE-US-00004 C 0.169 Mn 2.4 Si 0.367 Cr 0.52 Ti 0.029 Al 0.052 Nb 0.002 Mo 0.006 B 0.0046 balance Fe apart from impurities.

(44) The hot rolled strip was pickled and subjected to batch annealing at a temperature of 550° C. for 10 hours. The steel sheet was thereafter subjected to cold rolling with a thickness reduction of 60% to a final thickness of 1.5 mm. The steel sheet was treated in a continuous galvannealing plant including annealing at 863° C. for 52 seconds, cooling to 390° C., galvanizing in Zn-pot having a temperature of 460° C., galvannealing at 540° C. and cooling to ambient temperature.

(45) The steel sheet thus obtained had a microstructure consisting of 6% retained austenite, 16% martensite and 78% bainite and tempered martensite. The galvannealed steel sheet was subjected to tensile testing and examination of its bendability. The following results were obtained:

(46) TABLE-US-00005 tensile strength (R.sub.m) 1230 MPa yield strength (R.sub.p0.2)  873 MPa elongation (A.sub.50) 9.0% bendability (Ri/t) 3.2 yield ratio (R.sub.p0.2/R.sub.m) 0.71

(47) Accordingly, the galvannealed steel sheet had a high strength and an excellent bendability.

(48) The material of the present invention can be widely applied to high strength structural parts in automobiles.