Printing method for a digital printing device

Abstract

The invention relates to a printing method for a digital printing device, comprising a print head having a plurality of printing systems and comprising at least one control apparatus for feeding control signals to the printing systems for the production of ink drops. Each printing system has a nozzle, at least one ink chamber and an activator, e.g. a piezoelectric activator, which is associated with the at least one ink chamber, for the discharge of ink drops from the ink chamber in question via the nozzle in question onto a substrate to be printed on, as a response to a control signal. In the control apparatus, only a single waveform for the control signal having a specified time curve is stored for ink drops of all sizes, comprising, for example, optionally an initial waiting time, a first edge, followed by a first holding time, and, after the first holding time, a second, opposite edge, optionally followed by a second holding time. The size and/or speed of ink drops is varied by virtue of the fact that, at most for a single, intrinsic drop size, the entire stored waveform is transferred as a control signal to the activator in question, while for all other, effective drop sizes, only part of the common, stored waveform is transferred to the activator in question, namely one or more selected portions, while one or more other portions of the stored, common waveform are not supplied to the activator in question in the control signal.

Claims

1. A printing method for a digital printing device for the production of ink drops of different sizes, comprising a print head having a plurality of printing systems and comprising at least one control apparatus for feeding control signals to the printing systems for the production of ink drops, wherein each printing system has a nozzle, at least one ink chamber and an activator, which is associated with the at least one ink chamber, for the discharge of ink drops from the ink chamber in question via the nozzle in question onto a substrate to be printed on, as a response to a control signal, characterized in that, in the control apparatus, only a single waveform (1) for the control signal (7, 7′) having a specified time curve is stored for ink drops of all sizes, comprising at least one printing pulse (1), this printing pulse comprising: (i) optionally an initial waiting time (2), (ii) a first edge (3), followed by (iii) a first holding time (4), and, after the first holding time (4), (iv) a second, opposite edge (5), (v) optionally followed by a second holding time (6), wherein the size and/or speed of ink drops is varied by virtue of the fact that, at most for a single, intrinsic drop size, the entire stored waveform (1) is transferred as a control signal (7, 7′) to the activator in question, while for all other, effective drop sizes, only a portion of the stored printing pulse (1) is transferred to the regarding activator, namely one or more selected portions of the initial waiting time (2), the first edge (3), the first holding time (4), the second opposite edge (5), and the second holding time (6), while one or more other portions of this stored, printing pulse (1) are not supplied to the regarding activator as part of the control signal (7, 7′).

2. The printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that a drive circuit with a switched output is used or a drive circuit with a controlled output or with a regulated output.

3. The printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control circuit is high-impedance during portions of the saved waveform (1) that are not switched-through on the control output thereof that is connected to an activator.

4. The printing method according to claim 3, characterized in that the control circuit's control output that is attached to an activator is designed in the manner of a push-pull circuit with two transistors connected in series on the output side.

5. The printing method according to claim 4, characterized in that the two transistors, which are connected in series on the output side, of the control circuit's control output, which is attached to a piezo element, are both high-impedance on the output side in a non-switched-through state.

6. The printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that during the first or second edge (3, 5), the volume of an ink chamber is increased by means of the activator in question, and during the thereupon immediately following first or second holding time (4, 6), ink is suctioned into the ink chamber in question.

7. The printing method according to claim 6, characterized in that during the respective other, second or first edge (5, 3), the volume of the ink chamber in question is reduced by means of the activator in question, and during the thereupon immediately following second or first holding time (6, 4), an ink drop is fired out of the associated nozzle.

8. The printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that a piezo element is used as an activator, which piezo element is in contact with an ink chamber in the region of an ink nozzle in order to influence the volume of the ink chamber.

9. The printing method according to claim 8, characterized in that the piezo element has conductive coatings on two opposite sides, which can be used as electrodes.

10. The printing method according to claim 9, characterized in that the piezo element is not electrically conductive between the two opposite coatings, so that an electrical charge applied as the result of a voltage that is applied remains constant in the case of the high-impedance output of the control circuit.

11. The printing method according to claim 9, characterized in that the electrical charge applied to the piezo element during a charging phase is dependent on the applied voltage as well as on the duration of the charging phase.

12. The printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that, in each case, at least two intervals are selected from the saved waveform (1) and are transferred to the activator.

13. The printing method according to claim 12, characterized in that at least two intervals that are selected and transferred to the activator do not immediately follow each other.

14. The printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that the intervals transferred to the activator are selected from a first or a second holding time (4, 6).

15. The printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the case of one, several or all effective drop sizes, no edge (3, 5) is transferred to the activator.

16. The printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that the saved waveform (1) comprises two or more sequential control pulses, each of which respectively has a first edge (3), followed by a first holding time (4), and, after the first holding time (4), a second, opposite edge (5), optionally followed by a second holding time (6).

17. The printing method according to claim 16, characterized in that two or more control pulses of the saved waveform (1) differ from each other in terms of the slope of the first edge (3) and/or the second edge (5), and/or in terms of the first holding time (4) and/or the second holding time (6), and/or in terms of the amplitude of the first and/or second holding time (4,6), and/or in terms of the rise time or fall time during the first edge (3) and/or the second edge (5).

18. The printing method according to claim 16, characterized in that an edge of a second control pulse, which edge follows before the breaking off of the ink drop discharged during a first control pulse and is (once again) increasing the volume inside the ink chamber, reduces the volume of the ink drop, because consequently a larger part of the ink drop is withheld.

19. The printing method according to claim 16, characterized in that an edge of a second control pulse, which edge follows after the ink drop formed during a first control pulse and is (once again) decreasing the volume inside the ink chamber, increases the volume of the ink drop, when consequently an additional quantity of ink is discharged.

20. The printing method according to claim 16, characterized in that after the ink drop formed during a first control pulse, an additional quantity of ink is discharged, when an adequate quantity of ink was suctioned into the ink chamber between the edge that is (once again) increasing the volume inside the ink chamber and a subsequent edge of a second control pulse, which edge is (once again) decreasing the volume inside the ink chamber, and when the edge that is (once again) decreasing the volume inside the ink chamber is sufficiently steep.

21. The printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that the quantity of ink flowing into the ink chamber during a holding time in the case of an increased volume of said ink chamber is dependent on the increase in volume, and/or on the duration of the volume increase in question.

22. The printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that the volume of an ink drop fired out during an edge (5, 3), during which the volume of the ink chamber in question is reduced by means of the activator in question, increases with the slope of the edge (5, 3) in question, in which the volume inside the ink chamber is reduced.

23. The printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that the volume of an ink drop fired out during an edge (5, 3) of a control pulse increases with the duration of the immediately following effective holding time.

24. The printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that the duration of the effective holding time immediately following an edge is determined by the time interval of a following edge of the control signal.

25. The printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that the speed of an ink drop fired out during an edge (5, 3) of a control pulse increases with the amplitude of the edge (5, 3) of the control pulse.

26. The printing method according to claim 25, characterized in that the amplitude of the edge (5, 3) of a control pulse increases with the duration of the actively impressed charging current for the activator.

27. The printing method according to claim 26, characterized in that the duration of the actively impressed charging current for the activator is lower in the case of larger drop sizes than in the case of smaller drop sizes.

28. The printing method according to claim 2, characterized in that the speed of an ink drop fired out during an edge (5, 3) of a control pulse is kept constant for all drop sizes.

29. The printing method according to claim 1 wherein the activator comprises a piezoelectric activator.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Additional features, details, advantages and effects of the invention are yielded from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention as well as based on the drawings which show the following:

(2) FIG. 1 A waveform for actuating a nozzle of a print head in accordance with the prior art;

(3) FIG. 2 A stored, common waveform according to the invention for generating control signals for a digital printing system;

(4) FIG. 3 A control signal transferred to a printing system with a partial increase in the region of an edge;

(5) FIG. 4 A view of another embodiment of the invention corresponding to FIG. 3;

(6) FIG. 5 A control signal transferred to a printing system for the production of an ink drop with a volume of 5 picoliters (pl);

(7) FIG. 5a A control signal transferred to a printing system for the production of an ink drop with a volume of 7 pl;

(8) FIG. 5b A control signal transferred to a printing system for the production of an ink drop with a volume of 10 pl;

(9) FIG. 5c A control signal transferred to a printing system for the production of an ink drop with a volume of 12 pl;

(10) FIG. 5d A control signal transferred to a printing system for the production of an ink drop with a volume of 14 pl;

(11) FIG. 5e A control signal transferred to a printing system for the production of an ink drop with a volume of 17 pl;

(12) FIG. 5f A control signal transferred to a printing system for the production of an ink drop with a volume of 21 pl;

(13) FIG. 6 A further embodiment of the invention in a depiction corresponding to FIG. 2;

(14) FIG. 7 An again modified embodiment of the invention in a depiction according to FIG. 6;

(15) FIG. 8 An embodiment of the invention that was again modified similar to the depiction in FIG. 6;

(16) FIG. 9a A stored waveform as a control signal completely transferred to a printing system for the production an intrinsic ink drop with a speed of v.sub.1;

(17) FIG. 9b A further control signal transferred to a printing system in the form of two portions of the saved waveform for the production of an ink drop with a speed of 1.1*v.sub.1;

(18) FIG. 9c An again modified control signal transferred to a printing system in the form of two other portions of the saved waveform for the purpose of producing an ink drop with a speed of 1.2*v.sub.1;

(19) FIG. 9d An again modified control signal transferred to a printing system, comprising two once again otherwise selected portions of the saved waveform for the purpose of producing an ink drop with a speed of 1.4*v.sub.1;

(20) FIG. 9e An again modified control signal transferred to a printing system, comprising two other portions of the saved waveform, whereupon the ink drop produced has a speed of 0.9*v.sub.1;

(21) FIG. 10 An exemplary compilation of a plurality of time signals which illustrate the selection and composition of respectively different portions of the saved waveform for different control signals for certain ink drop sizes;

(22) FIG. 11a A saved waveform for a control pulse with an amplitude of 20 V;

(23) FIG. 11b A control pulse partially transferred to a printing system, wherein, however, the holding phases are transferred completely so that the amplitude of 20 V is maintained;

(24) FIG. 11c A control pulse that is again partially transferred to a printing system, wherein, however, the first holding phase is not transferred completely so that the amplitude in the region of both edges is reduced from 20 V to 16 V; and

(25) FIG. 11d A control pulse that is again partially transferred to a printing system, wherein now the second holding phase is not completely transferred so that the amplitude in the region of the second edge is reduced from 20 V to 16 V.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(26) FIG. 1 depicts the conventional approach in the prior art for modifying the gray scale of a pixel, namely by correspondingly replicating the number of control pulses in the region of the pixel in question. If, instead of a single control pulse, two or three (as depicted in FIG. 1) control pulses are produced and transmitted to the printing system in question, many times the amount of an ink jet drop reaches the pixel in question to be printed. If a single ink drop has a size of 7 pl (picoliters), then two ink drops have 14 pl, and three ink drops have 21 pl. Depending on how great the intervals are between individual control pulses, either individual drops are produced that are first superimposed on or added to the substrate to be printed on, or the ink drops already combine in the region of the nozzle or during flight and then arrive on the substrate as a single, large drop. Reducing the ink drop size (to less than 7 pl for example) is not possible by these means, however, and creating drops of intermediate sizes, i.e., drops with a volume of 10 pl for example, is also not possible herewith.

(27) FIG. 2 shows what a waveform 1 used by the invention for the production of a ink drops looks like.

(28) It shows the inactive starting position 2 at voltage level 0 V, to which the level also returns again at the end of the saved pulse sequence. This is preferably an extreme value of the voltage level that is available. A voltage level of −20 V, which in FIG. 2 constitutes the lowest voltage level, represents the other extreme value in the present example.

(29) As shown in FIG. 2, the saved waveform 1 after the starting value 2 has a first edge 3, while the volume inside the ink chamber of the printing system in question is increasing, followed by a first holding time 4, during which the ink has an opportunity, due to the negative pressure in the expanded ink chamber, to flow into said ink chamber. This is then followed by a second edge 5, during which the volume of the ink chamber is reduced, followed by a second waiting time 6, during which a drop from the ink chamber is fired through the nozzle in the direction of the substrate to be printed on. The entire sequence, consisting of the initial waiting time 2, first edge 3, first holding time 4, second flank 5 and second holding time 6 consists of a sequence duration T of 10 μs in total, for example. One fifth of the entire sequence duration T is accounted for in each case by the initial waiting time 2, the first edge 3, the first holding time 4, the second edge 5 and the second holding time 6, i.e., then 2 μs in each case in the present example.

(30) FIG. 5a shows an example that, in the case of a complete run-through of this saved waveform 2 as a control sequence, a drop with a size 7 pl is produced.

(31) FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate two possibilities of how the saved waveform 2 can be converted into a control signal 7, 7′ for a printing system.

(32) In this context, the output or the output stage of the control amplifier is designed to be identical in both cases, for example, with two transistors that are interconnected such that their collector-emitter paths are connected in series. Both transistors can then be switched on anti-cyclically, i.e., in such a way that one of the two always conducts, but the other not does not. Then potential is applied to the connecting node between the two transistors depending on the switching state either at the upper potential (in this case 0 V) or at the lower potential (in this case −20 V).

(33) Therefore, such an output can be used to simply switch between two voltage levels, as can be seen in FIG. 3. The slope of the edges 8, 9 of the control signal voltage level is then not predetermined, rather conforms to the circumstances of the printing system, in particular the capacity thereof, as well as, on the other hand, to the available energy or the maximum current available to the amplifier output. However, the progression of the edges 8, 9 is relatively smooth, as FIG. 3a shows.

(34) The embodiment according to FIG. 4 makes use of the fact that with suitable actuation of two transistors of an amplified output that are connected in series, every intermediate value between the two input voltages (in this case then 0 V, on the one hand, and −20 V, on the other) can be produced. A very precise actuation of the amplifier output would be possible, for example by a feedback of the output voltage and a comparison with a predetermined target value, wherein then the identity of the two voltages (as the case may be, multiplied by a factor which can be realized by using a voltage divider in the actual value determination on the amplifier output) can be ensured by means of a regulator. In such a case, a saved waveform 2 can be supplied as a variable of time to the target value input of such an amplifier, and said amplifier then makes exactly this voltage (or a multiple thereof) available to its output as a control signal for a printing system. On the other hand, in order to be able to supply a waveform stored i.e., in the form of digital values as an analog target value to such an amplifier stage, a digital-to-analog conversion of the saved waveform 1 is required. Because in the process the starting value of a digital-to-analog converter used for this can only adjust step by step (the saved digital values of the waveform 1 are indeed restricted to a finite number of bits) one sees a plurality of small steps 10, as shown in FIG. 4, in the edges 8′, 9′ of the output signal of an amplifier operated like this or in the control signal 7′ generated thereby.

(35) According to the current prior art, these steps 10 are irrelevant for the printing process, or were not taken into consideration or overlooked. However, the following can be established. The steps cause micro-vibrations in the piezo element, which even though they are partially damped by the ink, despite this they ultimately affect the drop formation to the extent that there are presumed ideal values for the waveform of an individual drop, individually for every different print head. These ideal values for the edges and holding times were defined as the resonance of the print head, because the drop formation turned out to be ideal at these values. Shorter or longer times led to a deterioration of the drop formation, and namely most likely because the ink damped the micro-vibrations too little or too much and thus has an unfavorable effect on the drop. However, it was already ascertained in Patent Application WO 2017/009 705 A2 that a considerable shortening of the actuation period with respect to the resonance period positively influences the drop formation by more than 1½ times, and probably because, as of certain shortening time of the edge time, the vibrations are reduced so much that a favorable or even better effect on drop formation in relation to the presumed ideal value is again obtained, in particular as a result of a reduction of the number of steps and therefore of the quantity and duration of the vibrations during drop formation.

(36) The invention makes use of this advantage in the following, as illustrated FIGS. 5 to 5f, which show the control signal 7′, as it effectively arrives at a printing system. The time axis should always be thought of as on the right and the time-dependent amplitude of the control signal 7′ towards the top. In this case, a solid line means that at the respective points in time, the voltage of the control signal 7′ is explicitly specified and is transferred to the printing system in question, while a dashed line means that at these points in time the control signal is not specified. At these points in time either no control signal whatsoever is produced, or said signal is not transferred to the activator of the printing system. This could take place for example due to an interruption of the supply line between the control stage and activator or due to the blocking of both transistors of the output stage of the amplifier in question. It is also possible in this case to disconnect the control loop or unclamp or separate the target value of the control circuit.

(37) As one can see from FIG. 5, such a shortening of the control signal 7′ on the second half of the saved waveform 1 in conjunction with a shortening of the second holding time 6 leads, for example, to the ink chamber being filled less, on the one hand, and consequently to the generated ink drop also being smaller than normal, i.e., having only a volume of 5 pl for example. This is thus achieved in that only the second half of the first holding time 4 and the first half of the second holding time 6 are switched through to the activator.

(38) If according to FIG. 5b, for example only the first half of the first holding time 4 and the second half of the second holding time 6 are switched through to the activator, then a drop with a size of 10 pl is obtained. This is presumably due to the fact that there is a long interval between the two predetermined time periods, during which the ink has time to flow into the ink chamber.

(39) An even larger drop with a volume of approximately 12 pl is obtained according to FIG. 5c, for example, in that only the first half of the first holding time 4 is transmitted to the printing system, but the entire second holding time 6. As a result, the drop has a long time to form outside the nozzle, because the pressure within the ink chamber is maintained for a long time.

(40) If both holding times 4, 6 of the saved wave function 1 are transferred completely to the activator of the printing system, and not, on the other hand, the edges 3, 5, then one obtains ink drops with a size of approx. 14 pl. In this case, ink flows into the ink chamber, on the one hand, at least during the entire first holding time 4 ink; however, this ink flow is not interrupted by a second edge 5, because the second edge 5 is suppressed. As a result, even more ink can flow into the ink chamber than is the case in FIG. 5a.

(41) If, after actuation of a first holding time 4, one waits with the second holding time 6 even longer than that corresponding to the second edge 5, then an even larger quantity of ink can flow into the ink chamber, and one obtains a drop size of 17 pl according to FIG. 5e and a drop size of even 21 pl according to FIG. 5f (in this case, the wait with the second actuation phase is even longer as compared to FIG. 5e).

(42) FIGS. 6 to 8 show other possibilities of how the control signal 7′ can be optimized further. In the process, the part of the control signal that can modified according to FIGS. 5 to 5f, i.e., the initial waiting time 11, the first edge 8, the first holding time 12, the second edge 9 and the second holding time 13, can always be found in the center of the depicted control sequence.

(43) For example, the initial waiting time 11 can be preceded by a small pre-fire pulse 14, which has an increasing effect on the drop volume. As a result, for example a vibration of the system can be actuated, which can cause especially steep edges.

(44) As an alternative to this or in addition, it is also possible to produce a counter pulse 15 with reduced amplitude after the modifiable control pulse, which counter pulse has a reducing effect on the drop quantity. As a result, the breaking-off of the drop can be initiated prematurely.

(45) FIG. 7 shows a wave with a pre-pulse 14 as well as two waveforms 1 for the production of a drop in each case, wherein the two drops have the same size such that two or more equally sized ink drops can be allocated in this way to a pixel. A separate drop is preferably not generated by the pre-pulse, rather as the case may be an immediately following drop is influenced.

(46) Furthermore, FIG. 8 is supposed to show that the first, controllable pulse with the initial waiting time 11, first edge 8, first holding time 12, second edge 9 and second holding time 13 can also be followed by at least one further, preferably controllable print pulse 17, so that two or more ink drops of a different size can also be allocated to a pixel.

(47) If, for example, two or more sequences according to FIGS. 5a to 5f are transmitted in succession, then an ink quantity of 42 pl can be put on paper, or on the substrate, in a relatively short time interval of only 20 μs. Double the time would be required for this according to the conventional method in FIG. 1.

(48) If one applies the possibilities described in FIGS. 5 and 5a to 5f as an example to three sequential drop pulses, which are allocated to a pixel, then it is possible to therewith produce in an ideal case (including the zero pulse) three differently sized drops each with eight possible drop sizes, i.e., there are a total of 8*8*8=512 different gray scales or brightness levels.

(49) Thus, the invention allows one to obtain from one small nozzle with a nominal drop size for example of 7 pl, lots of different drop sizes, e.g., in a range from 5 pl or less to 50 pl or more.

(50) In the process, even more different intermediate sizes of drops can be generated and consequently lots of gray scales and brightness levels.

(51) Furthermore, the size of the pre-fire pulses or counter pulses can also be influenced in a corresponding manner.

(52) Consequently, because of the present invention, one obtains all required drop sizes from one and the same nozzle in order to be able to print with a low physical resolution that is comparable to offset printing and at the same time produce high visual printing quality. In other words, a firing frequency of only 12 kHz is required for example for an image being printed with a resolution von 300×300 dpi despite a high printing speed of e.g., 1 m/sec.

(53) In addition, with the use of the method according to the invention, the requirements for software and/or hardware and/or mechanical engineering are considerably lower than is the case in the previously known prior art. The invention also makes it substantially easier to manufacture print heads with a low nozzle resolution or nozzle density as well as large nozzles.

(54) As one can see in FIGS. 9a to 9e, the method according to the invention offers yet another advantage, because the drop speed can also be influenced with the selection of suitable portions of the saved waveform.

(55) To begin with, the complete signal for forming an intrinsic drop according to FIG. 9a should be regarded, which corresponds to FIG. 5a and thus supplies a drop with a size of 7 pl. The speed of said “intrinsic drop” with a size of 7 pl should be designated as v.sub.1.

(56) Now if only the portions A and B according to FIG. 9b are transferred to the printer unit, this corresponds to the approach according to FIG. 5c; in other words, an ink drop with a size of 12 pl is produced, wherein the portion A corresponds to the portion 4 in FIG. 5c, while the portion B is equivalent to the portion 6 in FIG. 5c. It turns out that, in this case, the drop speed is slightly increased, specifically it is now v=1.1*v.sub.1.

(57) In a similar way, one can actuate the printer unit as in FIG. 9c or 5d. Then one obtains an ink drop with a size of 14 pl with a drop speed of v=1.1*v.sub.1.

(58) If one actuates the printer unit as in FIG. 9d or 5f, an ink drop with a size of 21 pl with a drop speed of v=1.4*v.sub.1 is obtained in that way.

(59) On the other hand, an actuation according to FIG. 9e shows that the intrinsic drop speed v.sub.1 can also be fallen short of, specifically by an actuation that corresponds approximately to a mixture of FIGS. 5 and 5b.

(60) The inventor discovered that a combination of two or more control pulses 18, 19 produces additional adjustment parameters, which makes it possible to vary the two variables of drop size and drop speed in a different way.

(61) Consequently, several different approaches for producing an ink drop of a desired size can be used to select the respective mask for the portions of the common waveform to forward to the printer unit, which portions produce an identical or almost identical drop speed.

(62) The result is depicted in FIG. 10:

(63) There one can see a common stored waveform 1″ with two chronologically sequential control pulses 18, 19 for all ink drops of different sizes.

(64) As one can see, the first control pulse 18 makes use of a greater timeframe than the following, second control pulse 19. This is because the slope of edge 3a″ of the first control pulse 18 has a smaller slope than the corresponding edge 3b″ of the second control pulse 19, and the edge Sa″ is also flatter than the edge 5b″. Furthermore, the holding time 4a″ of the first control pulse 18 longer than the holding time 4b″ of the second control pulse 19.

(65) In addition, the level of the holding times 4a″ and 4b″ could also be a different size, however, which is not realized in the embodiment according to FIG. 10.

(66) The parameters of the stored waveform 1″ are selected in such a way that ink drops of different sizes, but the same speed, can be produced with this single waveform 1″.

(67) Depicted beneath the saved waveform 1″ are different control signals 20a″ to 20z″, which are basically inverted, i.e., in each case, only the portions of the waveform 1″ during the low phases of the control signal 20a″ to 20z″ in question are switched through to the printer unit.

(68) However, it shows that completely switching through both control pulses 18, 19 with the control signal 20y″ does not supply any ink drops at all. This is due to the fact that the slope of the edges 3a″ and 5a″ of the first control pulse 18 is relatively small; the ink drop in the process of being thereby formed is relatively slow and moderate and is completely withdrawn again by the following second control pulse 19.

(69) In the case of the control signal 20x″, the second control pulse 19 is not switched through, and one obtains an ink drop with a size of 10 pl, which is relatively slow, however, just because of the small slope of edges 3a″ and 5a″.

(70) On the other hand, the control signal 20z″ switches only the second control pulse 19 further to the attached printer unit, while the first control pulse 18 is suppressed. Even though the edges 3b″ and 5b″ are somewhat steeper than the edges 3a″ and 5a″ of the first control pulse 18, the holding phase 4b″ is too short for an ink drop with an adequate size to be able to form and additionally also have a sufficient pulse to be able to release from the printer unit; again no ink drop whatsoever is formed.

(71) It turns out, however, that the special control signals 20a″ to 20e″ supply ink drops with different sizes, which have the same drop speed however:

(72) Control signal 20c″ comes the closest to the sole “intrinsic” ink drop, which is generated in the case of the control signal 20x″ by the control pulse 18; said control signal 20c″ likewise supplies an ink drop with a volume of 10 pl, which is significantly faster, however, than that of the ink drop produced with the control signal 20x″. The control signal 20x″ switches through only the holding phase 4b″ of the second control pulse 19 as well as a temporally differentiated part of the second holding phase 6b″ of this second control pulse 19. In contrast to the control signal 20z″, however, the edges 3b″ and 5b″ are not predetermined in this respect, rather there is an abrupt switch from high-impedance to the respective voltage level 4b″ or 6b″, which results in a maximum slope of the actual adjacent edges, which facilitates a release of the drop. In addition to this, the immediately adjoining portion 6b″ is not switched through, rather a waiting time elapses first, during which the ink chamber is able to fill. Because of the steep edges, the ink drop in the case of control signal 20c″ is released from the print head under relatively high pressure and therefore obtains a relatively high speed v.

(73) Starting from the control signal 20c″, which supplies an ink drop with the volume of 10 pl with selective switching-through of parts of the second control pulse 19, the control signal 20d″ results in a comparable approach related to the first control pulse 18; because of the selective switching-through of parts of same, an ink drop is produced with a volume of 12 pl, but with the same speed v.

(74) The control signal 20e″ constitutes a slightly modified combination of the two control signals 20c″ and 20d″, wherein, respectively a portion of the first holding phase 4a″ and the second holding phase 6a″ of the first control pulse 18 is switched through, along with respectively a portion of the first holding phase 4b″ and the second holding phase 6b″ of the second control pulse 19. Because of the long waiting time before the switched-through portion 6b″, it is possible for a second ink drop to be launched, presumably even before the breaking-off of the ink drop created during the first control pulse 18, i.e., these two ink drops are either originally interconnected or combine in flight and thus hit the substrate to be printed on as a single drop. Using this method, one obtains a drop with a volume of 16 pl; the speed v is equal to the speed produced by the control signals 20c″ and 20d″.

(75) Starting from the control signal 20x″ that was discarded originally because of the ink drop that was too slow, however with a steeper second edge (at 5a″), a sufficiently fast ink drop is created, which, however, is not increased by means of two switched-through portions 4b″, 6b″ of the second control pulse 19, but is reduced. Here, the overall third edge (at 3b″) again occurs relatively shortly after the first created ink drop, however not as quickly as is the case with control signal 20y″. After a type of counter pulse, therefore the parts of the second control pulse 19 cannot completely retract the created ink drop, but diminish it in terms of its volume. The resulting ink drop has a volume of 6 pl with the same speed v.

(76) The control signal 20a″ results in another reduction of the ink drop volume. This is achieved in that only two portions 4a″, 6a″ that are separated from each other are switched through by the first control pulse. The result of this is that the first two edges (at 3a″ and 5a″) are steeper and thus the ink drop obtains a comparable or even greater initial speed; at the same time, however, because of the shortening of the ink loading phase on the plateau of the holding phase 4a″, less ink is sucked into the ink chamber, and therefore only a smaller ink drop forms. Then, because of the partially switched-through second control pulse 19, even a partial volume is again withdrawn therefrom, in the manner of a counter pulse. One eventually obtains an ink drop of only 4 pl, but because of the high initial speed once again with the speed v.

(77) As one can see, it is thus possible to produce ink drops with the sizes of 4 pl, 6 pl, 10 pl, 12 pl and 16 pl, all of which have the same drop speed v, from the single, stored waveform 1″ by masking and switching through specific portions by means of the control signals 20a″ to 20e″.

(78) FIGS. 11a to 11d depict another possibility for influencing the drop size and/or drop speed, which can be applied in particular with the use of piezo elements:

(79) FIG. 11a depicts a stored waveform 1, which corresponds to the waveform 1 according to FIG. 2. It shows the holding phases 2, 4, 6 and the two edges 3, 5. The amplitude is 20 V respectively on each edge 3, 5.

(80) FIGS. 11b to 11d depict how different portions 4, 6 are switched through to the attached printer unit from this uniform waveform 1 by means of different control signals.

(81) According to FIG. 11b, the holding phases 4 and 6 are switched through completely in each case. The result is that the output transistors of the control stage, which by their very nature can drive only a limited current, have enough time to be able to completely charge the electrodes on the two opposite sides of the piezo element to the voltage 0 V, on the one hand, and then to the voltage of 20 V on the other hand. The progression of the voltage 21 between the two electrodes of the piezo element follows the predetermined waveform 1 almost exactly, as FIG. 11b clearly shows.

(82) In the case of FIG. 11c in contrast, the holding phase 4 is not switched through completely, but only a very small portion, for example, for a duration of approximately one quarter or one fifth of the entire holding phase 4. This is so short that the switched-through duration between the two high-impedance phases of the output stage of the control circuit is not adequate to bring sufficient charge carriers to the electrodes of the piezo element, which are required to reduce the voltage 21 between those from 20 V to begin with and 0 V. In fact the swing or the amplitude is reduced in the region of the edge 3, and the voltage 21 drops for example only by approx. 16 V, i.e., from 20 V to 4 V. Because the subsequently switched-through holding phase 6, on the other hand, is sufficiently long, the voltage 21 subsequently makes its way again completely to 20 V.

(83) However, because the piezo element does not execute the full swing, but only a swing of ⅘ of the maximum amplitude for example, the chamber volume increases only to a correspondingly reduced degree. Less ink is sucked in, and, therefore, only an ink drop with a lower volume can also be discharged during the second edge, for example with a value that is reduced to approximately ⅘ of the volume according to FIG. 11b.

(84) FIG. 11d shows another approach which has a similar effect however: In this case, the switching-through of the holding phase 4 is not substantially reduced, rather the switching-through of the holding phase 6. Therefore, the voltage 21 between the electrodes of the piezo element initially follows the edge 3 of the saved waveform 1 almost exactly, i.e., also with an amplitude swing of 20 V. Therefore, the maximum possible ink quantity is sucked into the ink chamber.

(85) However, the great reduction of the switched-through holding phase 6 leads to the voltage 21 in the region of the edge 5 not having an adequate opportunity to increase again up to the full value of 20 V. Based on the electrode capacities to be recharged, only a voltage 21 of approximately 16 V can be achieved with the applied charge quantity. Again, only a smaller quantity of ink is discharged from the printer unit, in the present example again only in an order of magnitude of ⅘ of the maximum value according to FIG. 11b.

(86) A further possibility for influencing the amplitudes of a control signal consists of providing, along with the ground potential of 0 V, not just one single supply voltage, for example 20 V, but several, i.e., for example 16 V and 20 V, between which it is possible to switch as needed, for example between each of the two control pulses 18, 19.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

(87) 1 Waveform 2 Initial waiting time 3 First edge 4 First holding time 5 Second edge 6 Second holding time 7 Control signal 8 Edge 9 Edge 10 Step 11 Waiting time 12 First holding time 13 Second holding time 14 Pre-fire pulse 15 Counter pulse 16 After pulse 17 Successive print pulse 18 First control pulse 19 Second control pulse 20 Control signal 21 Voltage