Switching device

Abstract

A switching device is disclosed. In an embodiment a switching device includes at least one fixed contact and at least one movable contact, wherein at least one of the contacts includes a metal matrix composite material having a metallic matrix material and a filler dispersed within the matrix material, and wherein the contacts are arranged in a switching chamber with a gas and the gas contains H2.

Claims

1. A switching device comprising: at least two fixed contacts; and at least one movable continuous contact bridge configured to mechanically contact each of the two fixed contacts in an active state, wherein the two fixed contacts and the contact bridge are arranged in a switching chamber configured to contain a gas comprising H.sub.2, and wherein one fixed contact of the two fixed contacts and the contact bridge are formed completely from a metal matrix composite material comprising a metallic matrix material and a filler dispersed within the metallic matrix material.

2. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein another fixed contact of the two fixed contacts includes the metal matrix composite material.

3. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein the metal matrix composite material includes copper or a copper alloy as the metallic matrix material.

4. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein the filler includes a metal oxide.

5. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein the filler includes an oxide comprising aluminum.

6. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein the filler is formed of particles.

7. The switching device according to claim 6, wherein the particles have an average size of less than 1 μm.

8. The switching device according to claim 6, wherein the particles have an average size of less than or equal to 0.1 μm.

9. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the filler in the matrix material is less than or equal to 2 wt. %.

10. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the filler in the matrix material is less than or equal to 1 wt. %.

11. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the filler in the matrix material is less than or equal to 0.3 wt. %.

12. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the filler in the matrix material is greater than or equal to 0.2 wt. %.

13. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein the gas has a content of at least 50% H.sub.2.

14. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein the contact bridge is a contact plate.

15. The switching device according to claim 1, wherein a shaft of a magnet armature is connected to and reaches through an opening in the contact bridge.

16. A switching device comprising: at least two fixed contacts; and at least one movable continuous contact bridge configured to mechanically contact each of the two fixed contacts in an active state, wherein at least one of the contacts includes a metal matrix composite material comprising a metallic matrix material and a filler dispersed within the metallic matrix material, wherein the contacts are arranged in a switching chamber configured to contain a gas comprising H.sub.2, and wherein the movable contact bridge is formed completely from the metal matrix composite material.

17. The switching device according to claim 16, wherein the fixed contacts include the metal matrix composite material.

18. The switching device according to claim 16 , wherein the metal matrix composite material includes copper or a copper alloy as the metallic matrix material.

19. The switching device according to claim 18, wherein the filler includes a metal oxide.

20. The switching device according to claim 18, wherein the filler includes an oxide comprising aluminum.

21. The switching device according to claim 18, wherein the filler is formed of particles.

22. The switching device according to claim 21 , wherein the particles have an average size of less than 1 μm.

23. The switching device according to claim 16, wherein the contact bridge is a contact plate.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Further advantages, advantageous embodiments and developments emerge from the exemplary embodiments described hereinafter in conjunction with the figures.

(2) In the figures:

(3) FIGS. 1A and 1B show schematic illustrations of a switching device according to an exemplary embodiment; and

(4) FIGS. 2A and 2B show schematic illustrations of portions of contacts of switching devices according to further exemplary embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

(5) In the exemplary embodiments and figures, identical, similar or identically functioning elements may each be provided with the same reference signs. The elements illustrated and their proportions with respect to each other should not be considered to be true to scale, instead individual elements such as for example layers, parts, components and regions may be illustrated to be disproportionately large for the purposes of improved presentability and/or for the purposes of better understanding.

(6) FIGS. 1A and 1B show an exemplary embodiment for a switching device 100 which may for example be used for switching high electric currents and/or high electric voltages and which may be a relay or a contactor, in particular a power contactor. FIG. 1A shows a three-dimensional sectional illustration, whereas FIG. 1B shows a two-dimensional sectional illustration. The description which follows relates equally to FIGS. 1A and 1B. The geometries shown should be understood merely as examples and in a non-limiting manner, and may also be designed in an alternative manner.

(7) The switching device 100 has in a housing 1 two fixed contacts 2, 3 and a movable contact 4. The movable contact 4 is designed as a contact plate. The fixed contacts 2, 3 together with the movable contact 4 form the switching contacts. The housing 1 serves primarily as protection against contact with the components arranged in the interior and includes or is made of a plastic, for example polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) or glass-filled PBT.

(8) FIGS. 1A and 1B show the switching device 100 in an inactive state in which the movable contact 4 is spaced apart from the fixed contacts 2, 3 so that the contacts 2, 3, 4 are galvanically isolated from each other. The design shown for the switching contacts and in particular the geometry thereof should be understood purely as examples and in a non-limiting manner. As an alternative, the switching contacts may also be designed differently. For example, it may be possible for just one of the switching contacts to be designed to be fixed.

(9) The switching device 100 has a movable magnet armature 5 which essentially performs the switching movement. The magnet armature 5 has a magnetic core 6, for example including or made of a ferromagnetic material. The magnet armature 5 furthermore has a shaft 7 which is guided through the magnetic core 6 and at a shaft end is fixedly connected to the magnetic core 6. At the other shaft end lying opposite the magnetic core 6, the magnet armature 5 has the movable contact 4, which is likewise connected to the shaft 7. The shaft 7 can for example be manufactured with or from stainless steel.

(10) The magnetic core 6 is surrounded by a coil 8. A current flow, which can be introduced from outside, in the coil 8 generates a movement of the magnetic core 6 and hence of the entire magnet armature 5 in an axial direction until the movable contact 4 contacts the fixed contacts 2, 3. The magnet armature 5 thus moves from a first position which corresponds to the inactive state and simultaneously to the isolating, that is to say non-switched-through state, to a second position which corresponds to the active, that is to say switched-through state. In the active state the contacts 2, 3, 4 are galvanically connected to each other. In another embodiment, the magnet armature 5 may alternatively also execute a rotary movement. The magnet armature 5 can in particular be designed as a tie rod or as a hinged armature. For guiding the shaft 7 and hence the magnet armature 5, the switching device 100 has a yoke 9 which may include or be made of pure iron or a low-doped iron alloy and which forms part of the magnetic circuit. The yoke 9 has an opening in which the shaft 7 is guided. If the current flow in the coil 8 is interrupted, the magnet armature 5 is moved back into the first position by one or more springs 10. The switching device 100 is then situated back in the inactive state in which the contacts 2, 3, 4 are open.

(11) When the contacts 2, 3, 4 are opened, an arc may be formed which can damage the contact surfaces. There may as a result be a risk that the contacts 2, 3, 4 remain “stuck” to one another because of the welding caused by the arc, and can no longer be separated from each other. In order to prevent the formation of such arcs, or at the least to facilitate the extinguishing of arcs which occur, the contacts 2, 3, 4 are, firstly, arranged in a gas atmosphere, meaning that the switching device 100 is designed as a gas-filled relay or gas-filled contactor. Secondly, at least one of the contacts 2, 3, 4 includes a material which exhibits a low or no tendency toward welding.

(12) With regard to the gas atmosphere, the contacts 2, 3, 4 are arranged within a switching chamber 11, formed by a switching chamber wall 12 and a switching chamber base 13, in a hermetically sealed portion of the housing 1. The housing 1, and especially the hermetically sealed portion of the housing 1, completely surrounds the magnet armature 5 and the contacts 2, 3, 4. The hermetically sealed portion of the housing and hence also the switching chamber 11 are filled with a gas 14. The gas 14, which can be introduced via a gas filling port 15 within the scope of the production of the switching device 100, can particularly preferably contain hydrogen, particularly preferably with 50% or more H.sub.2 in an inert gas or even with 100% H.sub.2, since hydrogen-containing gas can promote the extinguishing of arcs. If the proportion of H.sub.2 in the gas 14 is less than 100%, the gas can additionally include one or more inert gases, in particular selected from N.sub.2 and noble gases. In addition, inside and outside of the switching chamber 11 there may also be present so-called blowout magnets (not shown), that is to say permanent magnets which can bring about a prolongation of the arc path and can thus improve the extinguishing of the arc. The switching chamber wall 12 and the switching chamber base 13 can for example be manufactured with or from a metal oxide such as Al.sub.2O.sub.3.

(13) At least one of the contacts 2, 3, 4 includes a metal matrix composite material comprising a metallic matrix material and a filler dispersed within the matrix material. The metal matrix composite material can particularly preferably include copper or a copper alloy as the matrix material, with the result that the metal matrix composite material can have a high electrical conductivity and accordingly a high current carrying capacity.

(14) The filler includes a metal oxide or is formed of a metal oxide. Particularly preferably, a high-melting, very stable metal oxide is used for this purpose, for example aluminum oxide or a mixture of ceramic oxides with aluminum oxide. As an alternative to aluminum oxide, the filler can also include at least one or more other ceramic oxides. The filler is dispersed within the matrix material in the form of particles. The filler is particularly preferably uniformly and homogeneously distributed in the matrix material, with the particles having an average size of less than 1 μm and preferably of less than 0.1 μm. It has been found that the proportion of the filler in the matrix material is preferably less than or equal to 2% by weight. The proportion of the filler in the matrix material is particularly preferably less than or equal to 1% by weight or even less than or equal to 0.3% by weight and greater than or equal to 0.2% by weight.

(15) By way of the addition of the filler to the metallic matrix material, a metal matrix composite material can be formed which compared to the pure matrix material has an increased mechanical strength for the same or essentially the same thermal and electrical conductivity. As has surprisingly been found, the metal matrix composite material also has a very low tendency toward welding, in particular in hydrogen-filled switching devices.

(16) Particularly preferably, all contacts 2, 3, 4, that is to say all fixed and movable contacts of the switching device 100, can include the metal matrix composite material or even in each case be formed completely therefrom. This makes it possible to obtain the advantageous effects of the metal matrix composite material for all contacts 2, 3, and 4.

(17) However, it may also be possible that only one of the contacts, for example the movable contact 4, includes the metal matrix composite material or preferably is formed completely therefrom. The fixed contacts 2, 3 may in this case include or be made of a conventional contact material, for example Cu, a Cu alloy or a mixture of copper with at least one further metal, for example Wo, Ni and/or Cr. As an alternative to this, it may also be possible that the movable contact 4 is manufactured from a conventional contact material and at least one or all of the fixed contacts 2, 3 include the metal matrix composite material or are preferably formed completely therefrom.

(18) As an alternative to the complete formation of one or more contacts 2, 3, 4 from the metal matrix composite material, the contact or contacts may for example include the metal matrix composite material only in a contact region. The contact region is fixed to a contact body which is formed by a conventional contact material. The contact region of a contact is the region by way of which the contact in the active state of the switching device makes contact with the other contact provided for the switching operation. FIG. 2A shows an excerpt of an exemplary embodiment for a corresponding movable contact 4 having a contact body 40 made from a conventional contact material and a contact region 41 made from the metal matrix composite material, whereas FIG. 2B shows an excerpt of an exemplary embodiment for a corresponding fixed contact 2 having a contact body 20 made from a conventional contact material and a contact region 21 made of the metal matrix composite material.

(19) The contact regions 21, 41 may each be designed as plates, for example having a typical thickness of about 0.5 mm, and can be attached to the respective contact body 20, 40 for example by brazing, riveting or caulking. It may be possible that all contacts 2, 3, 4 are designed accordingly. As an alternative, it may for example also be possible that for example the fixed contacts are designed corresponding to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2B, whereas the movable contact is made from a conventional contact material or, particularly preferably, is formed from the metal matrix composite material. The inverse design is likewise possible, that is to say the design of the movable contact 4 according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2A, while the fixed contacts 2, 3 are formed from a conventional contact material or, particularly preferably, from the metal matrix composite material.

(20) The features and exemplary embodiments described in conjunction with the figures can be combined with one another according to further exemplary embodiments, even if not all combinations have been explicitly described. Furthermore, the exemplary embodiments described in conjunction with the figures may alternatively or additionally include further features in accordance with the description in the general part.

(21) The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments by the description on the basis of said exemplary embodiments. Rather, the invention encompasses any novel feature and any combination of features, which in particular includes any combination of features in the patent claims, even if this feature or this combination is not itself explicitly specified in the patent claims or exemplary embodiments.