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SOLID BACTERIAL GROWTH SUPPORT FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT, METHODS AND USES THEREOF

20220267180 · 2022-08-25

    Inventors

    Cpc classification

    International classification

    Abstract

    The present invention provides solid bacterial growth support for wastewater treatment comprising microparticles coupled to and partly inserted on at least one surface thereof and having a microparticle coverage of about 20% to 100% of total surface of the solid bacterial growth support, and providing a biomass development surface at least about 1.57 times larger than the contact surface of a solid bacterial growth support without microparticles. The present invention also provides methods of using the solid bacterial growth support for wastewater treatment.

    Claims

    1. A solid bacterial growth support for wastewater treatment, comprising: a body comprising at least one surface comprising a plurality of microparticles coupled to and partly inserted on said at least one surface, said plurality of microparticles having a microparticle coverage of about 20% to 100% of total surface of said solid bacterial growth support, providing a biomass development surface of about 1.57 to 10 times larger than the biomass development surface of said body without microparticles.

    2. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 1, wherein said microparticles have a diameter of about 1 to about 50 μm.

    3. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 1, wherein said microparticles comprises a hollow microparticle, a full microparticle, or a combination thereof.

    4. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 1, wherein said microparticles comprise a plurality of pores and/or asperities on a surface thereof.

    5. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 1, wherein said solid bacterial growth support comprises a plurality of surfaces.

    6. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 1, wherein said microparticle coverage is at least 50% of total surface for the removal of ammonia nitrogen in said wastewater.

    7. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 1, wherein said microparticle coverage up to about 50% of total surface for the removal of the organic load in said wastewater.

    8. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 1, wherein said solid bacterial growth support provides a biomass development surface of about 100 to 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3 when in use as a fixed bed bacterial support and/or provides a biomass development surface of about 300 to 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3 when in use as a fluidized bed bacterial support.

    9. (canceled)

    10. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 1, wherein said solid bacterial growth support is made of plastic, carbonized bone powder, a proteinaceous matter, a mineral material, a polymer, or a combination thereof.

    11. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 10, wherein said plastic is selected from the group consisting of a polyethylene, a polyethylene terephthalate, and a polyvinyl chloride; and wherein said proteinaceous matter comprises casein, whey, rice protein, hemp protein, insect protein, seaweed protein and combinations thereof.

    12.-15. (canceled)

    16. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 10, wherein said mineral material is a silica.

    17. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 1, wherein said microparticles are silica microparticles.

    18. (canceled)

    19. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 1, wherein said biomass development surface is from about 2 to about 6 times larger than the biomass development surface of said body without microparticles.

    20. The bacterial growth support of claim 1, wherein said body is a plurality of mesh hollow bodies, each hollow body having an external and an internal surface, and a plurality of openings therethrough configured to permit circulation of a fluid, said mesh hollow bodies being substantially elongated and configured parallel to one another along their length to form said solid bacterial growth support and provide an exterior surface of said bacterial growth support, and said plurality of microparticles is coupled to and partly inserted on said exterior surface of said solid bacterial growth support and on said external and said internal surface of said mesh hollow bodies.

    21. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 20, wherein said hollow body is a cyclinder, a rectangular prism, a rectangular cuboid, a triangular prism, or a combination thereof.

    22. (canceled)

    23. The solid bacterial growth support of claim 1, wherein said plurality of mesh hollow body form a block-shaped solid bacterial growth support.

    24.-26. (canceled)

    27. A wastewater treatment system comprising a plurality of solid bacterial growth support of claim 1, in an enclosure.

    28. (canceled)

    29. The wastewater treatment system of claim 27, comprising a submerged fixed bed system, a fluidized system, or a combination thereof.

    30. The wastewater treatment system of claim 27, further comprising an aeration system to promote growth of biomass, avoid clogging of said solid bacterial growth support and enhance the dispersion of the biomass inside and outside the treatment unit.

    31. A method for wastewater treatment comprising contacting wastewater with a system according to claim 27, placed in an enclosure to be held together to form a treatment unit, said treatment unit having a size dependent on the flow rate and contaminant loads in said wastewater.

    32.-50. (canceled)

    Description

    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

    [0064] Further features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in combination with the appended drawings, in which:

    [0065] FIG. 1 illustrates a representative picture of a perspective view of a solid bacterial growth support comprising a plurality of mesh cylinders, the mesh cylinders are assembled to form a block-shaped element, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

    [0066] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic representation of a perspective view of a solid bacterial growth support comprising a plurality of mesh cylinders, the mesh cylinders having a plurality of openings in which water can flow freely through the solid bacterial growth support, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

    [0067] FIG. 3 illustrates the mesh cylinders that may be coated with microparticles as embodiments of the bacterial growth support of the present invention,

    [0068] FIG. 4 illustrates fluidized solid bacterial growth support that may be coated with microparticles as embodiments of the bacterial growth support of the present invention. The embodiments shown have varying fixed diameter.

    [0069] FIG. 5 illustrates a fluidized solid bacterial growth support that may be coated with microparticles as embodiments of the bacterial growth support of the present invention. The embodiments shown has a variable diameter.

    [0070] FIG. 6 illustrates the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen over a 12-month period with a system comprising a solid bacterial growth support, according to an embodiment of the present invention, compared to a solid bacterial growth support having the same shape, but not comprising a microparticles layer.

    [0071] FIG. 7 illustrates the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen over a 12-month period with a from comparable aerated ponds to those to obtain the results shown in FIG. 3. There are no wastewater treatment systems in these aerated ponds.

    [0072] FIG. 8 illustrates the radiation treatment effect provided by a system of the present invention. Upper panel is a plan view, and the lower panel is a sectional view, which show the impact on the flow velocity through the system of the present invention.

    [0073] It will be noted that throughout the appended drawings, like features are identified by like reference numerals.

    DETAILED DESCRIPTION

    [0074] In embodiments there is disclosed a solid bacterial growth support for wastewater treatment, methods and uses thereof.

    [0075] According to an embodiment, there is disclosed a solid bacterial growth support for wastewater treatment which comprises a body comprising at least one surface comprising a plurality of microparticles coupled to and partly inserted on the at least one surface. The plurality of microparticles have a microparticle coverage of about 20% to 100%, which represents between about 80 to 800 000 microparticles/mm.sup.2 of total surface of the solid bacterial growth support and provide a biomass development surface about 1.57 to about 10, or about 1.6 to about 10, or about 1.7 to about 10, or about 1.8 to about 10, or about 1.9 to about 10, or about 2 to about 10, or about 3 to about 10, or about 4 to about 10, or about 5 to about 10, or about 6 to about 10, or about 7 to about 10, or about 8 to about 10, or about 9 to about 10, or about 1.57 to about 9, or about 1.6 to about 9, or about 1.7 to about 9, or about 1.8 to about 9, or about 1.9 to about 9, or about 2 to about 9, or about 3 to about 9, or about 4 to about 9, or about 5 to about 9, or about 6 to about 9, or about 7 to about 9, or about 8 to about 9, or about 1.57 to about 8, or about 1.6 to about 8, or about 1.7 to about 8, or about 1.8 to about 8, or about 1.9 to about 8, or about 2 to about 8, or about 3 to about 8, or about 4 to about 8, or about 5 to about 8, or about 6 to about 8, or about 7 to about 8, or about 1.57 to about 7, or about 1.6 to about 7, or about 1.7 to about 7, or about 1.8 to about 7, or about 1.9 to about 7, or about 2 to about 7, or about 3 to about 7, or about 4 to about 7, or about 5 to about 7, or about 6 to about 7, or about 1.57 to about 6, or about 1.6 to about 6, or about 1.7 to about 6, or about 1.8 to about 6, or about 1.9 to about 6, or about 2 to about 6, or about 3 to about 6, or about 4 to about 6, or about 5 to about 6, or about 1.57 to about 5, or about 1.6 to about 5, or about 1.7 to about 5, or about 1.8 to about 5, or about 1.9 to about 5, or about 2 to about 5, or about 3 to about 5, or about 4 to about 5, or about 1.57 to about 4, or about 1.6 to about 4, or about 1.7 to about 4, or about 1.8 to about 4, or about 1.9 to about 4, or about 2 to about 4, or about 3 to about 4, or about 1.57 to about 3, or about 1.6 to about 3, or about 1.7 to about 3, or about 1.8 to about 3, or about 1.9 to about 3, or about 2 to about 3, or about 1.57 to about 2, or about 1.6 to about 2, or about 1.7 to about 2, or about 1.8 to about 2, or about 1.9 to about 2 times larger than the biomass development surface of a solid bacterial growth support without microparticles, and preferably from about 2 to about 6 times larger than the biomass development surface of a solid bacterial growth support without microparticles.

    [0076] According to an embodiment, the bacterial growth support may be used as a fixed bed of bacterial growth support and can provide a biomass development surface between about 100 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 200 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 500 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 600 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 700 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 800 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 900 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 100 to about 900 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 200 to about 900 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 900 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 900 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 500 to about 900 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 600 to about 900 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 700 to about 900 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 800 to about 900 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 100 to about 800 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 200 to about 800 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 800 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 800 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 500 to about 800 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 600 to about 800 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 700 to about 800 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 100 to about 700 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 200 to about 700 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 700 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 700 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 500 to about 700 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 600 to about 700 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 100 to about 600 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 200 to about 600 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 600 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 600 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 500 to about 600 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 100 to about 500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 200 to about 500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 100 to about 400 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 200 to about 400 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 400 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 100 to about 300 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 200 to about 300 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 100 to about 200 m.sup.2/m.sup.3.

    [0077] According to an embodiment, the bacterial growth support may be used in a fluidized bed and can provide a biomass development surface between about 300 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 400 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 500 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 600 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 700 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 800 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 900 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1000 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1250 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1500 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1750 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 2000 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 2250 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 2500 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 2750 to about 3000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 400 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 500 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 600 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 700 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 800 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 900 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1000 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1250 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1500 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1750 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 2000 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 2250 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 2500 to about 2750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 400 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 500 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 600 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 700 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 800 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 900 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1000 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1250 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1500 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1750 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 2000 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 2250 to about 2500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 400 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 500 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 600 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 700 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 800 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 900 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1000 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1250 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1500 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1750 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 2000 to about 2250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 2000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 2000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 400 to about 2000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 500 to about 2000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 600 to about 2000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 700 to about 2000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 800 to about 2000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 900 to about 2000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1000 to about 2000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1250 to about 2000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1500 to about 2000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1750 to about 2000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 1750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 1750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 400 to about 1750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 500 to about 1750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 600 to about 1750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 700 to about 1750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 800 to about 1750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 900 to about 1750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1000 to about 1750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1250 to about 1750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1500 to about 1750 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 1500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 1500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 400 to about 1500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 500 to about 1500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 600 to about 1500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 700 to about 1500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 800 to about 1500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 900 to about 1500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1000 to about 1500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1250 to about 1500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 1250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 1250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 400 to about 1250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 500 to about 1250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 600 to about 1250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 700 to about 1500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 800 to about 1250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 900 to about 1250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 1000 to about 1250 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3 or 400 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 500 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 600 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 700 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 800 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 900 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 300 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or about 400 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 400 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 500 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 600 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 700 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3, or 800 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3.

    [0078] The solid bacterial growth support may be used for providing surprising treatment results in terms of capacity and also in terms of what biological matter or chemical is being removed from the wastewater, in comparison with fluidized bacterial growth media.

    [0079] According to an embodiment, there is disclosed a solid bacterial growth support for wastewater treatment which comprises a plurality of mesh hollow bodies. Each hollow body has an external and an internal surface, and a plurality of openings through the external and an internal surfaces, which are configured to permit circulation of a fluid (i.e. the wastewater being treated). The mesh hollow bodies are substantially elongated and configured parallel to one another along their length to form the solid bacterial growth support and provide an exterior surface of the bacterial growth support. A plurality of microparticles are coupled to and partly inserted on the exterior surface of the solid bacterial growth support and on the external and internal surfaces of the mesh hollow bodies.

    [0080] In embodiment, the hollow body may be a cyclinder (of round or eliptic cross-section), a rectangular prism (i.e. having a rectangular cross-section), a rectangular cuboid (i.e. having a square cross-section), a triangular prism (i.e. having a triangular cross-section), or a combination thereof.

    [0081] As used herein, the term mesh hollow body or hollow bodies is intended to mean that the hollow bodies have a space inside, as opposed to being solid all the way through and that they are made from a network of wire (or wire-like) or thread (or thread-like) material. In embodiments, the mesh hollow bodies may have been shaped prior to assembly into the solid bacterial growth support. In another embodiment, the mesh hollow bodies may be assembled from mesh material (e.g. wires or threads of some kind) which are formed or assembled directly into the solid bacterial growth, without prior formation of the individual the mesh hollow bodies repeating units.

    [0082] Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown an embodiment of a solid bacterial growth support 10 comprising a plurality of mesh hollow bodies, in this case mesh cylinders 20. The mesh cylinders 20 are substantially parallel to one another along their length to form a solid bacterial growth support (in this case, block-shaped), providing an exterior surface 30 to the solid bacterial growth support 10 on which microparticles are coupled or inserted. The microparticles may also be coupled or inserted on an inside surface of the mesh cylinders 20 of the solid bacterial growth support 10.

    [0083] Now referring to FIG. 2, there is shown an embodiment of a solid bacterial growth support 10 comprising a plurality of mesh cylinders 20 having a plurality of openings on a surface thereof. Wastewater can flow freely through the block-shaped solid bacterial growth support through the numerous openings in each mesh cylinder.

    [0084] The solid bacterial growth support 10 may comprise about 100 to 300 mesh cylinders 20. Each of the mesh cylinders 20 may have a diameter of about 1 to 3 cm and a length of about 50 to 100 cm.

    [0085] The solid bacterial growth support 10 may be made of plastic, carbonized bone powder, proteinaceous matter, or a combination thereof. The plastic may be selected from the group consisting of a polyethylene, a polyethylene terephthalate, and a polyvinyl chloride. In embodiments, the proteinaceous matter may comprise casein, whey, rice protein, hemp protein, insect protein, seaweed protein and combinations thereof. The solid bacterial growth support may be made in part or in whole of recycled plastic.

    [0086] The microparticles may have a diameter of about 1 to about 50 μm. The microparticles may be hollow microparticles or full microparticles, or combination thereof. The microparticles may comprise a plurality of pores and/or asperities on the surface thereof. The microparticles may be sprayed onto solid bacterial growth support 10, resulting in coating of the exterior surface 30 thereof as well as coating of the inside surface of the mesh cylinders 20. Alternatively, the solid bacterial growth support 10, or the individual mesh cylinders may be contacted directly in a powder of the microparticles prior to cooling of the material (during manufacturing), resulting in adhesion and/or insertion of the microparticles on the contacted surfaces. In another embodiment, the microparticles may be sprayed onto the individual mesh cylinders prior to their assembly into solid bacterial growth supports. In another embodiment, the microparticles may be incorporated into the mixture or compound used to manufacture the solid bacterial growth support 10 of the present invention. According to an embodiment, the microparticle coverage may be of about 20% to about 100%, or about 25% to about 100%, or about 30% to about 100%, or about 35% to about 100%, or about 40% to about 100%, or about 45% to about 100%, or about 50% to about 100%, or about 55% to about 100%, or about 60% to about 100%, or about 65% to about 100%, or about 70% to about 100%, or about 75% to about 100%, or about 80% to about 100%, or about 85% to about 100%, or about 90% to about 100%, or about 95% to about 100%, or 20% to about 95%, or about 25% to about 95%, or about 30% to about 95%, or about 35% to about 95%, or about 40% to about 95%, or about 45% to about 95%, or about 50% to about 95%, or about 55% to about 95%, or about 60% to about 95%, or about 65% to about 95%, or about 70% to about 95%, or about 75% to about 95%, or about 80% to about 95%, or about 85% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%, or 20% to about 90%, or about 25% to about 90%, or about 30% to about 90%, or about 35% to about 90%, or about 40% to about 90%, or about 45% to about 90%, or about 50% to about 90%, or about 55% to about 90%, or about 60% to about 90%, or about 65% to about 90%, or about 70% to about 90%, or about 75% to about 90%, or about 80% to about 90%, or about 85% to about 90%, or 20% to about 85%, or about 25% to about 85%, or about 30% to about 85%, or about 35% to about 85%, or about 40% to about 85%, or about 45% to about 85%, or about 50% to about 85%, or about 55% to about 85%, or about 60% to about 85%, or about 65% to about 85%, or about 70% to about 85%, or about 75% to about 85%, or about 80% to about 85%, or 20% to about 80%, or about 25% to about 80%, or about 30% to about 80%, or about 35% to about 80%, or about 40% to about 80%, or about 45% to about 80%, or about 50% to about 80%, or about 55% to about 80%, or about 60% to about 80%, or about 65% to about 80%, or about 70% to about 80%, or about 75% to about 80%, or 20% to about 75%, or about 25% to about 75%, or about 30% to about 75%, or about 35% to about 75%, or about 40% to about 75%, or about 45% to about 75%, or about 50% to about 75%, or about 55% to about 75%, or about 60% to about 75%, or about 65% to about 75%, or about 70% to about 75%, or 20% to about 70%, or about 25% to about 70%, or about 30% to about 70%, or about 35% to about 70%, or about 40% to about 70%, or about 45% to about 70%, or about 50% to about 70%, or about 55% to about 70%, or about 60% to about 70%, or about 65% to about 70%, or 20% to about 65%, or about 25% to about 65%, or about 30% to about 65%, or about 35% to about 65%, or about 40% to about 65%, or about 45% to about 65%, or about 50% to about 65%, or about 55% to about 65%, or about 60% to about 65%, or 20% to about 60%, or about 25% to about 60%, or about 30% to about 60%, or about 35% to about 60%, or about 40% to about 65%, or about 45% to about 60%, or about 50% to about 60%, or about 55% to about 60%, or 20% to about 55%, or about 25% to about 55%, or about 30% to about 55%, or about 35% to about 55%, or about 40% to about 55%, or about 45% to about 55%, or about 50% to about 55%, or 20% to about 50%, or about 25% to about 50%, or about 30% to about 50%, or about 35% to about 50%, or about 40% to about 50%, or about 45% to about 50%, or 20% to about 45%, or about 25% to about 45%, or about 30% to about 45%, or about 35% to about 45%, or about 40% to about 45%, or 20% to about 40%, or about 25% to about 40%, or about 30% to about 40%, or about 35% to about 40%, or 20% to about 35%, or about 25% to about 35%, or about 30% to about 35%, or 20% to about 30%, or about 25% to about 30%, or 20% to about 25% of total surface of the solid bacterial growth support 10. In embodiments, such a microparticle coverage should provide a biomass development surface of about 1.57 to about 10 times larger than the biomass development surface of the solid bacterial growth support without microparticles. In embodiments, the microparticles may be made of a mineral material or a polymer. In embodiments, the microparticles may be a combination of microparticles made of a mineral material or a polymer. In embodiments, the mineral may be silica. In embodiments, the microparticles may be silica microspheres. The silica microsphere may full or hollow. They may be prepared from known techniques from precursors such as Tetraethyl orthosilicate, formally named tetraethoxysilane and abbreviated TEOS, Tetramethyl orthosilicate, and the likes. In embodiments, a microparticle coverage of at least 50% and up to 100% of total surface (i.e. about 50% to about 100%) may be preferably used for the removal of ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater. According to another embodiment, a microparticle coverage of at least 20% and up to about 50% of total surface (i.e. about 20% to about 50%) may be preferably used for the removal of the organic load in the wastewater.

    [0087] According to another embodiment, there is disclosed a wastewater treatment system which comprises a solid bacterial growth support of the present invention in an enclosure. According to an embodiment, the wastewater treatment system may comprise a plurality of solid bacterial growth support of the present invention. The wastewater treatment system may be submerged fixed bed system, a fluidized system, or a combination thereof. The wastewater treatment system may further comprising an aeration system to promote growth of biomass, avoid clogging of the solid bacterial growth support and enhance the dispersion of the biomass inside and outside the treatment unit.

    [0088] The aeration system can provide fine bubble, medium bubble or coarse bubble aeration or a combination thereof.

    [0089] The diffusers of the aeration system are positioned underneath the enclosure. The aeration system consists of at least one diffuser. The diffuser can be made of steel, stainless steel, aluminum, plastic, rubber or ceramic.

    [0090] The aeration system provides sufficient dissolved air, oxygen or a combination of gases to maintain a minimum of 2 mg O.sub.2/L of dissolved oxygen in the water.

    [0091] According to an embodiment, when the system of the present invention is used in an aerated pond or lagoon, the enclosure(s) used for organic load removal should be disposed in the last third of the first aerated pond or lagoon, to enhance the dispersion of the biomass inside and outside de treatment unit.

    [0092] According to another embodiment, when the system of the present invention is used in an aerated pond or lagoon, the enclosure(s) used for ammoniacal nitrogen load removal should be disposed in the last aeration zone of the aerated pond or lagoon, to enhance the dispersion of the biomass inside and outside de treatment unit.

    [0093] According to another embodiment, there is disclosed a method for wastewater treatment using the solid bacterial growth support 10 of the present invention, which comprises contacting wastewater with a plurality of the solid bacterial growth support 10 placed in an enclosure to be held together to form a treatment unit. The treatment unit will have a size dependent on the flow rate and contaminant loads in the wastewater.

    [0094] According to an embodiment, the solid bacterial growth support 10 can be used in a submerged fixed bed or a fluidized system. In addition, the solid bacterial growth support 10 can be used in combination with an aeration system to promote growth of biomass, avoid clogging of the solid bacterial growth support 10 and enhance the dispersion of the biomass inside and outside the treatment unit.

    [0095] The aeration system of the system may provide sufficient dissolved air, oxygen or a combination of gases to maintain a minimum of 2 mg O.sub.2/L of dissolved oxygen in the water.

    [0096] In embodiments, the solid bacterial growth support 10 may increases the rate of biomass growth in wastewater by at least about 50% in comparison to the rate of biomass growth in wastewater without the solid bacterial growth support. The solid bacterial growth support 10 coupled with the microparticles unexpectedly provides an organic load abatement capacity of at least about 41% (kg/day) higher than an organic load abatement capacity of the solid bacterial growth support without microparticles.

    [0097] According to another embodiment, the biomass development surface of the solid bacterial growth support 10 being at least about 50% to about 100% may be used for the removal of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater. According to another embodiment, a biomass development surface of about 20% and up to about 50% may be used for the removal of the organic load in wastewater. Once coupled with the microparticles, the solid bacterial growth support 10 unexpectedly provides an ammonia nitrogen removal capacity of at least about 62% (kg/day) higher than an ammonia nitrogen removal capacity of the solid bacterial growth support without microparticles.

    [0098] According to another embodiment, the solid bacterial growth support 10 may be used submerged in a first pond or lagoon of a water treatment plant to remove the organic load. In this context, the solid bacterial growth support 10 may provide removal up to 98% of a 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) load, for treatment of BOD5 of about 150 mg/L up to about 20000 mg/L. The solid bacterial growth support 10 may provide removal up to 99% of a total suspended solids (TSS) load.

    [0099] According to another embodiment, the solid bacterial growth support 10 may be used submerged in an anoxic portion of a pond or lagoon of a water treatment plant for the removal of ammonia nitrogen load. The solid bacterial growth support 10 may provide removal up to 99% of an ammonia nitrogen load, for an organic load less than about 10 mg/L in concentration. In embodiments, this method may be for treatment of ammoniacal nitrogen of from about 1 mg/L up to about 50 mg/L.

    [0100] In embodiments, the method of the present invention may be performed in liquid water at temperature about 0° C. to about 40° C. In embodiments, the methods of the present invention may be performed in liquid water at a temperature of up to about 3° C., or about 4° C., or about 5° C., or about 6° C., or about 7° C., or about 8° C., or about 9° C., or about 10° C., or about 11° C., or about 12° C., or about 13° C., or about 14° C., or about 15° C., or about 16° C., or about 17° C., or about 18° C., or about 19° C., or about 20° C., or about 21° C., or about 22° C., or about 23° C., or about 24° C., or about 25° C., or about 26° C., or about 27° C., or about 28° C., or about 29° C., or about 30° C., or about 31° C., or about 32° C., or about 33° C., or about 34° C., or about 35° C., or about 36° C., or about 37° C., or about 38° C., or about 39° C., and up to no more than 40° C. The temperature may be from about 0° C. to about 40° C., or from about 1° C. to about 40° C., or from about 2° C. to about 40° C., or from about 3° C. to about 40° C., or from about 4° C. to about 40° C., or from about 5° C. to about 40° C., or from about 6° C. to about 40° C., or from about 7° C. to about 40° C., or from about 8° C. to about 40° C., or from about 9° C. to about 40° C., or from about 10° C. to about 40° C., or from about 15° C. to about 40° C., or from about 20° C. to about 40° C., or from about 25° C. to about 40° C., or from about 30° C. to about 40° C., or from about 35° C. to about 40° C., or from about 0° C. to about 35° C., or from about 1° C. to about 35° C., or from about 2° C. to about 35° C., or from about 3° C. to about 35° C., or from about 4° C. to about 35° C., or from about 5° C. to about 35° C., or from about 6° C. to about 35° C., or from about 7° C. to about 35° C., or from about 8° C. to about 35° C., or from about 9° C. to about 35° C., or from about 10° C. to about 35° C., or from about 15° C. to about 35° C., or from about 20° C. to about 35° C., or from about 25° C. to about 35° C., or from about 30° C. to about 35° C., or from about 0° C. to about 30° C., or from about 1° C. to about 30° C., or from about 2° C. to about 30° C., or from about 3° C. to about 30° C., or from about 4° C. to about 30° C., or from about 5° C. to about 30° C., or from about 6° C. to about 30° C., or from about 7° C. to about 30° C., or from about 8° C. to about 30° C., or from about 9° C. to about 30° C., or from about 10° C. to about 30° C., or from about 15° C. to about 30° C., or from about 20° C. to about 30° C., or from about 25° C. to about 30° C., or from about 0° C. to about 25° C., or from about 1° C. to about 25° C., or from about 2° C. to about 25° C., or from about 3° C. to about 25° C., or from about 4° C. to about 25° C., or from about 5° C. to about 25° C., or from about 6° C. to about 25° C., or from about 7° C. to about 25° C., or from about 8° C. to about 25° C., or from about 9° C. to about 25° C., or from about 10° C. to about 25° C., or from about 15° C. to about 25° C., or from about 20° C. to about 25° C., or from about 0° C. to about 20° C., or from about 1° C. to about 20° C., or from about 2° C. to about 20° C., or from about 3° C. to about 20° C., or from about 4° C. to about 20° C., or from about 5° C. to about 20° C., or from about 6° C. to about 20° C., or from about 7° C. to about 20° C., or from about 8° C. to about 20° C., or from about 9° C. to about 20° C., or from about 10° C. to about 20° C., or from about 15° C. to about 20° C., or from about 0° C. to about 15° C., or from about 1° C. to about 15° C., or from about 2° C. to about 15° C., or from about 3° C. to about 15° C., or from about 4° C. to about 15° C., or from about 5° C. to about 15° C., or from about 6° C. to about 15° C., or from about 7° C. to about 15° C., or from about 8° C. to about 15° C., or from about 9° C. to about 15° C., or from about 10° C. to about 15° C., or from about 0° C. to about 10° C., or from about 1° C. to about 10° C., or from about 2° C. to about 10° C., or from about 3° C. to about 10° C., or from about 4° C. to about 10° C., or from about 5° C. to about 10° C., or from about 6° C. to about 10° C., or from about 7° C. to about 10° C., or from about 8° C. to about 10° C., or from about 9° C. to about 10° C., or from about 0° C. to about 9° C., or from about 1° C. to about 9° C., or from about 2° C. to about 9° C., or from about 3° C. to about 9° C., or from about 4° C. to about 9° C., or from about 5° C. to about 9° C., or from about 6° C. to about 9° C., or from about 7° C. to about 9° C., or from about 8° C. to about 9° C., or from about 0° C. to about 8° C., or from about 1° C. to about 8° C., or from about 2° C. to about 8° C., or from about 3° C. to about 8° C., or from about 4° C. to about 8° C., or from about 5° C. to about 8° C., or from about 6° C. to about 8° C., or from about 7° C. to about 8° C., or from about 0° C. to about 7° C., or from about 1° C. to about 7° C., or from about 2° C. to about 7° C., or from about 3° C. to about 7° C., or from about 4° C. to about 7° C., or from about 5° C. to about 7° C., or from about 6° C. to about 7° C., or from about 0° C. to about 6° C., or from about 1° C. to about 6° C., or from about 2° C. to about 6° C., or from about 3° C. to about 6° C., or from about 4° C. to about 6° C., or from about 5° C. to about 6° C., or from about 0° C. to about 5° C., or from about 1° C. to about 5° C., or from about 2° C. to about 5° C., or from about 3° C. to about 5° C., or from about 4° C. to about 5° C., or from about 0° C. to about 4° C., or from about 1° C. to about 4° C., or from about 2° C. to about 4° C., or from about 3° C. to about 4° C., or from about 0° C. to about 3° C., or from about 1° C. to about 3° C., or from about 2° C. to about 3° C., or from about 0° C. to about 2° C., or from about 1° C. to about 2° C., or from about 0° C. to about 1° C. Unexpectedly, the solid bacterial growth support of the present invention allows the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen even in very cold water even at less than 4° C. without heating the influent.

    [0101] The wastewater to be treated may contain organic, non-organic, and metallic contaminants, biological oxygen demand over 5 days (BOD5), soluble BOD5, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, fecal coliforms, total coliforms, absorbable organic halogens, metals. The present invention makes no use of chemicals for the treatment of the wastewater and may be used in municipal as well as industrial settings, for example agricultural settings, pulp and paper settings, mining and oil settings.

    [0102] The solid bacterial growth support 10 may be of any suitable shape and make, and is adapted to sustain the growth of microorganisms (live bacteria cultures, live microorganisms, live biomass and the like) and/or substrates that will capture toxins that biological treatment cannot degrade, such as metal atoms. The live bacteria cultures, the live biomass may degrade the polluting compounds present in the wastewater. Furthermore, the solid bacterial growth support 10 is capable of contacting the wastewater, retain the bacteria therein and releasing a by-product in suspension, namely the biomass, in the volume of wastewater being treated, thereby maintaining and/or renewing the bacterial activity in the volume of wastewater. The bacteria/biomass, when it dies, naturally detaches from the solid bacterial growth support, which leads to natural regeneration of live bacteria and/or biomass on the latter.

    [0103] According to another embodiment, the solid bacterial growth support 10 may further include at least one of a live bacteria culture, a live biomass, or both. The live bacteria culture, live biomass, or both may be present in the solid bacterial growth support to provide additional bacteria and/or biomass. This may be done for example to add specific bacteria and/or biomass for the destruction or biodegradation of nitrates (e.g. ammoniacal nitrogen) and other undesirable chemicals present in the wastewater.

    [0104] According to another embodiment, there is described a method of treating wastewater which may include the step of maintaining and retaining in a volume of wastewater a live biomass in the solid bacterial growth support 10 for a treatment of the wastewater as presented above. In use, an aeration system such as an oxygen diffuser, may be used to provide oxygen to promote growth of the live bacteria culture, the live biomass, or the like. In this case, the aeration system can play two roles. First, it provides oxygen to the bacteria or biomass that is living on the solid bacterial growth support, since oxygen is needed to sustain life which biodegrades pollutants. Second, the flow of air bubbles within the solid bacterial growth support ensures that there is no clogging or excessive accumulation or depletion of living matter in specific parts of the solid bacterial growth support; in other words, it makes the spatial distribution of bacteria and biomass more even, thereby removing preferential paths that may have formed inside the solid bacterial growth support 10. The existence of preferential paths is undesirable since it means that matter to be degraded may be in contact with only a small fraction of the solid bacterial growth support, and some parts of the solid bacterial growth support may not be oxygenated well, which can cause biochemical disequilibrium.

    [0105] Moreover, the aeration system may provide a movement and ensure that the amount of biomass does not become too large. Too much biomass on the solid bacterial growth support 10 leads to clogging risks, and increases the risk of creating anaerobic zones in the enclosures. Optimally, a thin layer of biomass all over the solid bacterial growth support 10 should be present. The live bacteria, the live biomass of the method of treating wastewater may adhere to the solid bacterial growth support 10.

    [0106] According to an embodiment, the enclosure(s) is/are configured to receive a volume of wastewater flowing therethrough from the pond or lagoon over a treatment period, and to treat substantially an entire volume of water flowing through the pond or lagoon over time, from the release in the wastewater within the enclosure, and provide a radiation effect of the treatment effect of the system beyond the enclosure(s). In embodiments, the system may be configured to cross a whole width of the pond or lagoon. In embodiments, the system is capable of treating substantially the entire volume of water flowing through the pond or lagoon over time through its positioning in the natural hydraulic flow of the pond or lagoon. Furthermore, the system of the present invention has a radiation effect, where the treatment effect of the system of the present invention radiates from the system, as shown in FIG. 8, and documented in ML: Howland, W. E. (1958). Flow Over Porous Media as in a Trickling Filter. Proc. 12th Ind. Waste Conf., May 13, 14 and 15, 1957, Extension Series No. 94, Engineering Bulletin 42(3), D. E. Bloodgood, ed., Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind., incorporated herein by reference. FIG. 8 illustrates the impact on the flow velocity through the system of the present invention. That is, beyond the enclosure itself, the effect of the system of the present invention is still present. The system of the present invention does not need to have an enclosure that goes all the way to the bottom of the pond or lagoon in order to treat substantially the entire volume of water flowing through the pond or lagoon over time. Indeed, in some embodiments, this is disadvantageous, as it would provide insufficient space for the sludge to come off the system and rest at the bottom thereof. By having space under the system 10, and by not being in contact with the bottom of the pond or lagoon, the system 10 of the present invention is not affected by the sludge produced by the system and the pond itself.

    [0107] According to another embodiment, the treatment of wastewater may be optimized by providing the volume of wastewater with concentrations of bacteria, biomass or both, that provide an optimal degradation of the polluting compounds. Therefore, the method of treating wastewater may further include steps of seeding the volume of wastewater, with an exogenous live bacteria culture, or the like, exogenous live biomass, or both. These supplementations in exogenous live bacteria culture or exogenous live biomass may be performed to optimize the efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant. Moreover, the supplementation or seeding may be necessary to introduce new strains of bacteria or biomass in order to degrade polluting compounds that the live bacteria culture, the live biomass, or both, endogenous to the wastewater treatment plant are less effective at or unable of degrading.

    [0108] According to another embodiment, in the methods of the present invention, the solid bacterial growth support 10 may be used submerged in a first pond or lagoon of a water treatment plant to remove the organic load. In this context, the solid bacterial growth support 10 may provide removal up to 98% of a 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) load, for treatment of BOD5 of about 150 mg/L up to about 20000 mg/L. In this context, the solid bacterial growth support 10 may provide removal up to 99% of a total suspended solids (TSS) load.

    [0109] According to another embodiment, in the methods of the present invention, the solid bacterial growth support 10 may be used submerged in an anoxic portion of a pond or lagoon of a water treatment plant for the removal of ammonia nitrogen load. The solid bacterial growth support 10 may provide removal up to 99% of an ammonia nitrogen load, for an organic load less than about 10 mg/L in concentration. In embodiments, this method may be for treatment of ammoniacal nitrogen of from about 1 mg/L up to about 50 mg/L.

    [0110] In embodiments, the methods of the present invention may be performed in liquid water at a temperature as indicated above.

    [0111] While preferred embodiments have been described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made without departing from this disclosure. Such modifications are considered as possible variants comprised in the scope of the disclosure.

    [0112] The present invention will be more readily understood by referring to the following examples which are given to illustrate the invention rather than to limit its scope.

    Example 1

    Detailed Performances of the Solid Bacterial Growth Support in Wastewater Treatment

    [0113] According to the experimental testing performed, each installation is built to remove up to: [0114] 98% of the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) load; and [0115] 99% of the total suspended solids (TSS) load;

    [0116] These results are achievable when the solid bacterial growth support is completely submerged in the first pond or lagoon of an existing wastewater treatment plant to remove the organic load.

    [0117] The results were obtained in cold water of 7° C. or less.

    [0118] The range of use of the media allows to treat concentrations from 150 mg/L up to 20 000 mg/L in BOD5.

    [0119] According to the experimental testing performed, each installation is also built to remove up to; [0120] 98% of ammonia nitrogen load;

    [0121] The microspheres are of a diameter of about 20 to about 50 μm, and were sprayed to provide a microparticle coverage of about 100% of the total surface of the solid bacterial growth support, which provided a biomass development surface of about 800 to about 1000 m2/m3 for use in a fixed bed system.

    [0122] These results are achievable when the solid bacterial growth support is completely submerged in the anoxic portion of the pond or lagoon of an existing wastewater treatment plant for the removal of ammonia nitrogen load.

    [0123] The results were obtained in cold water of 7° C. or less.

    [0124] The range of use of the media allows to treat concentrations from 1 mg/L up to 50 mg/L in ammoniacal nitrogen.

    Results

    [0125] All analyses were performed in an independent laboratory certified by the province of Quebec.

    Municipal Wastewater

    [0126]

    TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) Date Input (mg/L) Output (mg/L) % of reduction 19-jan 114 3 97.37% 25-jan 102 3 97.06% 31-jan 67 2 97.01% 03-febr 76 2 97.37% 09-feb 93 2 97.85% 10-feb 112 2 98.21% 14-feb 116 2 98.28% 15-feb 143 2 98.60%

    TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Total suspended solids (TSS) Date Input (mg/L) Output (mg/L) % of reduction 09-feb 396 24 93.94% 10-feb 390 15 96.15% 14-feb 346 6 98.27% 15-feb 271 9 96.68% 22-feb 210 5 97.62% 24-feb 516 5 99.03% 01-mar 232 5 97.84% 02-mar 197 5 97.46%

    TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Ammoniacal nitrogen Date Input (mg/L) Output (mg/L) % of reduction 19-jan 22.3 0.15 99.33% 25-jan 22.1 0.46 97.92% 31-jan 26.1 0.3 98.85% 03-feb 26.1 0.29 98.89% 09-feb 26.8 0.145 99.46% 10-feb 25.8 0.14 99.46% 14-feb 27.1 0.07 99.74% 15-feb 25.6 0.08 99.69% 22-feb 12.6 0.03 99.76% 24-feb 15.5 0.02 99.87% 01-mar 15.1 0.02 99.87% 02-mar 15.3 0.02 99.87% 07-mar 16.6 0.07 99.58%

    [0127] All analyses were performed in an independent laboratory certified by the province of Quebec.

    Example 2

    Detailed Performances of the Solid Bacterial Growth Support in Wastewater Treatment for Removal of Ammoniacal Nitrogen

    [0128] According to the experimental testing performed, each installation is built to remove up to 98% of daily ammoniacal nitrogen (i.e. ammonia nitrogen load) present in wastewater. These results are achievable when the solid bacterial growth support is completely submerged in the third or fourth aerated pond or lagoon of an existing wastewater treatment plant comprising at least three or four aerated ponds or lagoon. The results were obtained in water temperatures between about 20° C. and as low as 3° C.

    [0129] These results are achievable when the solid bacterial growth support is completely submerged in the anoxic portion of the pond or lagoon of an existing wastewater treatment plant. The targeted ammonia nitrogen load (also known as environmental release targets) must be less than 5 mg N/L in concentration and may be as low as 1 mg N/L in some jurisdictions.

    [0130] This experiment provides a comparison between the aerated ponds without treatment system, a wastewater treatment system comprising a standard polyethylene media (see FIG. 2 for an illustration of the shape) and a system with the same media but with a microparticles (i.e. microspheres) layer according to the present invention (i.e. see FIG. 2). The system, when present, also comprises an aeration system providing fine bubbles under the media, at a rate of 6 mg O.sub.2/L. The microspheres were incorporated on the surface of the solid bacterial growth support by spraying them on the mesh cylinders. The microspheres are of a diameter of about 20 to about 50 μm, and were sprayed to provide a microparticle coverage of about 50% of the total surface of the solid bacterial growth support, which provided a biomass development surface of about 300 to about 500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3 for use in a fixed bed system. The system is installed, in each instance, in the third pond, which is the last aerated zone of 4 ponds used in the treatment of municipal wastewater. Table 4 below presents the performance on the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH.sub.4.sup.+). The affluent values are the ammoniacal nitrogen load coming into the third pond, not the affluent from the water pumping station into the first aerated pond. The results presented are average of daily measurements taken over a 12-month period.

    TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Ammoniacal nitrogen Effluent from Effluent aerated Effluent Media ponds standard present Affluent alone media invention Parameters (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Parameters NH.sub.4.sup.+ (mg N/L) 15.21 8.08 3.6 5.59 0.37 average in summer NH.sub.4.sup.+ (mg N/L) 13.61 15.04 11.2 12.64 0.56 average in winter Average 19.5 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 temperature summer (° C.) Average 15.8 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 temperature winter (° C.)

    [0131] During summer, the aerated ponds are able to decrease ammonia nitrogen loads by about 1.9-fold, and the use of a wastewater treatment system does improve treatment performance (about 2.72-fold versus the untreated affluent). Unexpectedly, use of the media of the present invention in identical conditions results in a reduction of the ammonia nitrogen loads by about 41-fold compared to the untreated affluent, or by 15-fold when compared to the standard polyethylene media without a microparticles layer. During winter, aerated ponds are notoriously poor performing for the removal of ammonia nitrogen loads, as may be seen from their performance for ponds alone and even with the standard polyethylene media without a microparticles layer, which is hardly improving treatment performance. Unexpectedly, use of the media of the present invention in identical conditions results in a reduction of the ammonia nitrogen loads by about 24-fold compared to the untreated affluent, or by 23-fold when compared to the standard polyethylene media without a microparticles layer. These results were completely surprising and unexpected.

    [0132] Now referring to FIG. 3, the removal of ammonia nitrogen loads is shown over time, from weekly sampling of the effluent. The affluent ammonia nitrogen loads are shown, as well as an environmental release target of 5 mg N/L. It can be appreciated from this Figure that the affluent ammonia nitrogen loads are well below the environmental release target and are representative of the average presented in table 3 above. FIG. 4 shows the removal of ammonia nitrogen loads is shown over time, from weekly sampling of the effluent, for aerated ponds only, without any treatment system. The figure shows that affluent ammonia nitrogen loads may be decreased during some period, but that overall, the performance of the aerated pond alone is not consistent over time and provide either no treatment at all during some periods, an acceptable treatment during other periods. This sort of performance is not desired.

    [0133] The results for ammoniacal nitrogen removal of the system comprising the media of the present invention may be also compared to a biological reactor technology comprising a fluidized bed (MBBR). A MBBR does not perform well in cold water. To have equivalent performance in winter and summer, the affluent must be heated in winter. This is an important difference from the system of the present invention, since heating is not required with it. For the volumes of water treated with the system of the present invention, (several hundreds to thousands of cubic meters per day), it would be very challenging to heat the affluent. The MBBR can therefore be compared to the system of the present invention only for small volumes of less than 100 m.sup.3/d, for example.

    [0134] Referring to Table 3, in summer, use of the media of the present invention results in a reduction of the ammonia nitrogen loads by about 9.7-fold compared to the MBBR-treated affluent. During winter, the MBBR performance is severely decreased, and use of the media of the present invention in identical conditions results in a reduction of the ammonia nitrogen loads by about 20-fold compared to the MBBR affluent. These results were completely surprising and unexpected.

    Example 3

    Detailed Performances of the Solid Bacterial Growth Support in Wastewater Treatment for Removal of Ammoniacal Nitrogen

    [0135] According to the experimental testing performed, each installation is built to remove up to 98% of daily ammoniacal nitrogen (i.e. ammonia nitrogen load) present in wastewater from the milk industry which comprises a high ammoniacal nitrogen load. These results are achievable when the solid bacterial growth support is completely submerged in the third or fourth aerated pond or lagoon of an existing wastewater treatment plant comprising at least three or four aerated ponds or lagoon. The results were obtained in water temperatures between about 20° C. and as low as 3° C.

    [0136] These results are achievable when the solid bacterial growth support is completely submerged in the anoxic portion of the pond or lagoon of an existing wastewater treatment plant. The targeted ammonia nitrogen load (also known as environmental release targets) must be less than 5 mg N/L in concentration and may be as low as 1 mg N/L in some jurisdictions.

    [0137] This experiment provides a comparison between the aerated ponds without treatment system, a wastewater treatment system comprising a standard polyethylene media (see FIG. 2 for an illustration of the shape) and a system with the same media but with a microparticles (i.e. microspheres) layer according to the present invention (i.e. see FIG. 2). The system, when present, also comprises an aeration system providing fine bubbles under the media, at a rate of 6 mg O.sub.2/L. The microspheres were incorporated on the surface of the solid bacterial growth support by spraying them on the mesh cylinders. The microspheres are of a diameter of about 20 to about 50 μm, and were sprayed to provide a microparticle coverage of about 75% of the total surface of the solid bacterial growth support, which provided a biomass development surface of about 500 to about 1000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3 for use in a fixed bed system. The system is installed, in each instance, in the third pond, which is the last aerated zone of 4 ponds used in the treatment of municipal wastewater. Table 5 below presents the performance on the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH.sub.4.sup.+). The affluent values are the ammoniacal nitrogen load coming into the third pond, not the affluent from the water pumping station into the first aerated pond. The results presented are average of daily measurements taken over a 25-week period.

    TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Ammoniacal nitrogen Effluent from aerated Effluent Effluent ponds standard Media present Affluent alone media invention Parameters (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) NH.sub.4.sup.+ (mg N/L) 28.4 9.9 8.3 0.38 average in summer NH.sub.4.sup.+ (mg N/L) 24.6 23.4 19.5 0.48 average in winter Average 27.3 20.6 20.6 20.6 temperature summer (° C.) Average 26.1 18.0 18.0 18.0 temperature winter (° C.)

    TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Performance over 25-week period Effluent from Effluent aerated Effluent Media % ponds standard present Removal Affluent alone media invention present Date (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) invention 11 Sep. 2019 28.6 7.1 6.0 0.23 99% 18 Sep. 2019 29.8 9.3 7.9 0.33 99% 25 Sep. 2019 32.1 11.3 9.6 0.35 99% 2 Oct. 2019 27.9 14.2 10.7 0.5 98% 9 Oct. 2019 27.2 9.5 8.1 0.36 99% 16 Oct. 2019 26.9 8.4 7.1 0.27 99% 23 Oct. 2019 30 9.2 7.8 0.31 99% 30 Oct. 2019 24.9 10.5 8.9 0.44 98% 6 Nov. 2019 25.2 26.1 19.6 0.38 98% 13 Nov. 2019 24.4 23 19.6 0.39 98% 20 Nov. 2019 22 23.4 19.9 0.33 99% 27 Nov. 2019 22.1 20.7 17.6 0.34 98% 4 Dec. 2019 26.3 24.6 18.5 0.41 98% 11 Dec. 2019 24.8 22 18.7 0.6 98% 18 Dec. 2019 24.7 22 18.7 0.57 98% 25 Dec. 2019 25 20.9 17.8 0.67 97% 1 Jan. 2020 24.1 24 20.4 0.5 98% 8 Jan. 2020 28.1 29.1 21.8 0.7 98% 15 Jan. 2020 24.9 23.3 19.8 0.52 98% 22 Jan. 2020 25.8 23.6 20.1 0.6 98% 29 Jan. 2020 25.5 24.3 20.7 0.49 98% 5 Feb. 2020 24.6 24 20.4 0.44 98% 12 Feb. 2020 24.1 22.5 19.1 0.51 98% 19 Feb. 2020 23.2 22.4 19.0 0.36 98% 26 Feb. 2020 24 23.1 19.6 0.4 98%

    [0138] During summer, the aerated ponds are able to decrease ammonia nitrogen loads by about 2.9-fold, and the use of a wastewater treatment system does improve treatment performance (about 3,42-fold versus the untreated affluent). Unexpectedly, use of the media of the present invention in identical conditions results in a reduction of the ammonia nitrogen loads by about 75-fold compared to the untreated affluent, or by 22-fold when compared to the standard polyethylene media without a microparticles layer. During winter, aerated ponds are notoriously poor performing for the removal of ammonia nitrogen loads, as may be seen from their performance for ponds alone and even with the standard polyethylene media without a microparticles layer, which is hardly improving treatment performance. Unexpectedly, use of the media of the present invention in identical conditions results in a reduction of the ammonia nitrogen loads by about 57-fold compared to the untreated affluent, or by 41-fold when compared to the standard polyethylene media without a microparticles layer. These results were completely surprising and unexpected.

    [0139] While preferred embodiments have been described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made without departing from this disclosure. Such modifications are considered as possible variants comprised in the scope of the disclosure.