METHOD FOR ANTICOAGULATION

Abstract

The invention provides a method for anticoagulation, including administering to a subject in need a therapeutically effective amount of pharmaceutical composition including formula (I) or its isomers as its parent form, and its salt, ester or solvate. The invention also provides a method for anticoagulation, including administering to a subject in need a therapeutically effective amount of pharmaceutical composition including formula (I) or its isomers as its parent form, and its salt, ester or solvate for at least 1 hour, wherein a dose of the pharmaceutical composition is in an amount of about 5×10.sup.−5 mL/kg or more of body weight of the subject.

##STR00001##

Claims

1. A method for anticoagulation, comprising administering to a subject in need of anticoagulation therapy except for afflicted with septic shock and endotoxemia a therapeutically effective amount of pharmaceutical composition comprising formula (I) or (IV): ##STR00006## or their isomers, and their salt or solvate.

2. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the isomers comprise formulas (II) or (III): ##STR00007## and their salt or solvate.

3. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

4. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is phosphate buffered saline.

5. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered parenterally.

6. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered by intraperitoneal injection or intravascular injection.

7. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered orally in a liquid dosage form or in a solid dosage form.

8. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the subject is a mammal.

9. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 8, wherein the mammal is a mouse or a human.

10. A method for anticoagulation, comprising administering to a subject in need of anticoagulation therapy a therapeutically effective amount of pharmaceutical composition comprising formula (I) or (IV): ##STR00008## or their isomers, and their salt or solvate, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) the is in an amount of about 5×10.sup.−5 mL/kg or more of body weight of the subject.

11. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 10, wherein the isomers comprise formulas (II) or (III): ##STR00009## and their salt or solvate.

12. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 10, wherein the compound of formula (I) is administered to a subject in need of anticoagulation therapy in an amount of 0.05 mL/kg of body weight of the subject.

13. (canceled)

14. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 10, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

15. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 14, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is phosphate buffered saline.

16. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 10, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered parenterally.

17. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 10, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered orally in a liquid dosage form or in a solid dosage form.

18. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 10, wherein the subject is a mammal.

19. The method for anticoagulation as claimed in claim 10, wherein the mammal is a mouse or a human.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The present invention can be more fully understood by reading the subsequent detailed description and examples with references made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0023] FIG. 1A. illustrates the chemical formula of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention;

[0024] FIGS. 1B-1D illustrate the chemical formulas of the isomers of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention;

[0025] FIG. 2A shows the active partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of the isoamylamine (IA)-treated mice under different treatment times according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0026] FIG. 2B shows the active partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of the isoamylamine (IA)-treated mice with different dosages according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0027] FIG. 3A shows the prothrombin time (PT) of the isoamylamine (IA)-treated mice under different treatment times according to some embodiments of the present invention; and

[0028] FIG. 3B shows the prothrombin time (PT) of the isoamylamine (IA)-treated mice with different dosages according to some embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] The following description is of the best-contemplated mode of carrying out the invention. This description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and should not be taken in a limiting sense. The scope of the invention is best determined by reference to the appended claims,

[0030] Moderate alcohol consumption reduces mortality from all causes of cardiovascular events through endothelium protection. In particular, red wine drinking contributes to a beneficial effect of hemostasis. IA, a synonym of 3-methyl-1-butanamine or isopentylamine, is an organic chemical compound of colorless liquid and is also one of the components of red wine and grape juice. In accordance with J of agriculture& food chemistry, 2011, 59:8742-53, the content of IA in port wine is about 0.4 ppm, and the content of IA in grape juice is about 1.2 ppm. Therefore, IA is edible. The present application shows the IA effects on murine coagulation, which is a cause of cardiovascular events.

[0031] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for anticoagulation, including administering to a subject in need a therapeutically effective amount of pharmaceutical composition including formula (I) or its isomers as its parent form, and its salt, ester or solvate

##STR00004##

[0032] In other embodiments of the present invention, a method for anticoagulation may include administering to a subject in need a therapeutically effective amount of the isomers of the pharmaceutical composition formula (I), such as formulas (II), (III) or (IV) and their salt, ester or solvate

##STR00005##

[0033] In the present invention, a therapeutically effective pharmaceutical composition represents what amount is sufficient to reduce, inhibit, or prevent blood coagulation in an individual, wherein the blood coagulation ay be induced by endotoxins, bacteremia, or the like. In one embodiment, a therapeutically effective pharmaceutical composition may be an amount of at least 5×10.sup.−5mL/kg. In one embodiment, a therapeutically effective pharmaceutical composition may be an amount of 5×10.sup.−5 to 0.05 mL/kg, for example, 5×10.sup.−4 mL/kg or 5×10.sup.−3mL/kg, depending on treatment time and the affected pathway (intrinsic or extrinsic).

[0034] In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition may further include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as phosphate buffer saline or sterile water.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered parenterally, for example, in sterile liquid dosage form and intraperitoneally or intravascularly injected into the subject. The pharmaceutical composition may also be administered orally, for example in sterile liquid dosage forms such as syrup and suspension, or in solid dosage forms such as capsules, tables and powder.

[0036] In one embodiment, the subject may be a mammal. In another embodiment, the subject may be a mouse. In another embodiment, the subject may be a human.

[0037] The examples described below show the effects of IA on coagulation under different dosages and treatment times. It should be noted that the following examples are presented herein to describe the best mode of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] Materials and Methods

[0039] Isoamylamine (IA)

[0040] Isopentylamine (Isoamylamine; M-820716) 250 mL was purchased from Merck, Germany. It was diluted with normal saline various concentrations for intraperitoneal injection.

[0041] aPTT and PT Reagents

[0042] aPTT (active partial thromboplastin time) and PT (prothrombin time) reagent were purchased from Dade Behring company, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Marburg, Germany.

[0043] Animals

[0044] The 5- to 6-week old male C57BL/6JNar1 mice having body weights around 20 g were purchased from National Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei, Taiwan.

[0045] Treatments

[0046] Coagulation system in blood is composed of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is assayed by activated thromboplastin time (aPTT) and the extrinsic pathway is assayed by prothrombin time (PT). Following intraperitoneal injection of various dose of IA, plasma was obtained at different periods of time and was assayed for aPTT and PT. aPTT and PT were assayed in a Stago ST4 coagulation analyzer (ST art 4, Diagnostica Stago, France).

[0047] Preparation of Mouse Plasma

[0048] By carbon dioxide anesthesia of mice, blood was obtained by cardiac puncture using 3.2% sodium citrate mixing with blood at a ratio of 1:9. The blood was centrifuged at 2000g/rpm for 10 minutes to get the mouse plasma, which was assayed immediately.

[0049] Assay of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)

[0050] aPTT was assayed in 4-fold dilution of aPTT r reagent using kit-provided buffer solution as diluent. In aPTT assay, 0.1 mL of plasma was kept warm for 1 min at 37° C. in a barrette of 4 cuvettes in Stago ST4 coagulation analyzer, then 0.1 mL of 4 fold-diluted aPTT reagent and one steel ball were added and waited for 180 seconds. Finally, 0.1 mL of 25 mM CaCl.sub.2 solution was added for aPTT detection.

[0051] Assay of Prothrombin Time (PT)

[0052] PT was assayed in 4-fold dilution of PT reagent, composed of four parts including one part of PT reagent, one part of 25 mM CaCl solution, and two parts of sterile water. In PT assay, 0.1 mL of plasma was put into each of 4 barrette cuvette, each of which had one steel ball, and was kept at 37° C. for 1 min in Stago ST4 coagulation analyzer. Then, 0.2 mL of the diluted PT reagent was added for PT detection.

EXAMPLE 1

Time Course Study (aPTT)

[0053] To investigate the anticoagulation effect in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation system in the IA-treated mice, the aPTT was measured at different treatment times. Mouse (n=6) was intraperitoneally injected with 1 mL of 1000 ppm (0.05 mL/kg) IA, blood was drawn 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, and 24 hr after IA injection. Ten mice were injected with vehicle (n=10) and were served as controls. Then, the aPTT of each group was measured. The results are shown in Table 1-1 and FIG. 2A. FIG. 2A is a diagram of Table 1-1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1-1 aPTT of IA-treated mice under different treatment times Treatment time (hr) 0 1 2 3 24 N 10 6 6 6 6 Mean of aPTT (sec) 26.3 30.8 32.0 33.7 34.8 S.D. 3.6 1.5 3.5 2.1 4.1 *p-va1ue — 0.004 0.008 <0.001 0.001 *Data were compared with untreated group (treatment time is 0 hr). S.D. = standard deviation.

[0054] As shown in Table 1-1 and FIG. 2A, the aPTT prolonged in 1 h after IA injection and was gradually prolonged as the treatment time increases. The data obtained after treating IA for 1 hr have statistical meaning. Compared to PT (as shown below), aPTT was more sensitive to IA injection. The p value for trend in aPTT was <0.001. The results reveal that the coagulation time in the IA-treated mice increases with time, indicating a trend of anticoagulation in the intrinsic pathway caused by IA.

EXAMPLE 2

Dose Effects (aPTT)

[0055] To investigate the anticoagulation effect in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation system the IA-treated mice, the aPTT was also measured under different doses of IA. Various doses of IA (1 ppm, 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 1,000 ppm) in 1 mL, were intraperitoneally injected into different groups of mice (n=6), respectively. Plasma was separated 3 hr later. Ten mice were injected with vehicle and were served as controls. The aPTT of each group was measured. The results are shown in Table 1-2 and FIG. 2B. FIG. 2B is a diagram of Table 1-2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1-2 aPTT of IA-treated mice with different doses Injected dose (ppm) 0 1 10 100 1000 N 10 6 6 6 6 Mean of aPTT (sec) 26.3 33.0 33.0 33.4 33.7 S.D. 3.6 4.4 4.5 2.3 2.1 *p-value — 0.005 0.006 <0.001 0.001 Sample were obtained 3 hr after IA intraperitoneal injection *Data were compared with untreated group (injected dose is 0 ppm). S.D. = standard deviation.

[0056] As shown in Table 1-2 and FIG. 2B, the aPTT was prolonged when mice were treated with 1, 10, 100, 1000 ppm of IA. The data have statistical meaning when IA was treated with 1 ppm (5×10.sup.−5mL/kg) or more. The p value for trend was 0.005. The results reveal that IA effectively prolongs the coagulation time in the IA-treated mice, indicating an anticoagulation effect in the intrinsic pathway caused by IA as low as 1 ppm.

EXAMPLE 3

Time Course Study (PT)

[0057] Moreover, to investigate the anticoagulation effect in the extrinsic pathway of coagulation system in the IA-treated mice, the PT was measured at different treatment times. Different groups of mice (n=6) were respectively intraperitoneally injected with 1 mL of 1000 ppm (0.05 mL/kg) IA, blood was drawn 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, and 24 hr after IA injection. Ten mice were injected with vehicle (n=10) and were served as controls. Then, the PT of each group was measured. The results are shown in Table 2-1 and FIG. 3A. FIG. 3A is a diagram of Table 2-1.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2-1 PT of IA-treated mice under different treatment times Treatment time (hr) 0 1 2 3 24 N 10 6 6 6 6 Mean of PT (sec) 11.1 11.6 12.2 12.6 13.2 S.D. 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.5 *p-value — 0.189 0.029 0.006 <0.001 *Data were compared with untreated group (treatment time is 0 hr). S.D. = standard deviation.

[0058] As shown Table 2-1 and FIG. 3A, the PT prolonged at 2 h and was gradually prolonged as the treatment time increased. The data obtained after treating IA for 2 hr have statistical meaning. The p value for trend in PT was <0.001. The results reveal that the coagulation time in the IA-treated mice increases with time, indicating a trend of anticoagulation in the extrinsic pathway caused by IA.

EXAMPLE 4

Dose Effects (PT)

[0059] To investigate the anticoagulation effect in the extrinsic pathway of coagulation system in the IA-treated mice, the PT was also measured under different doses of IA. Various doses of IA (1 ppm, 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 1,000 ppm) in 1 mL, were intraperitoneally injected into different groups of mice (n=6), respectively. Plasma was separated 3 hr later. Ten mice were injected with vehicle and were served as controls. The PT of each group was measured. The results are shown in Table 2-2 and FIG. 3B. FIG. 3B is a diagram of Table 2-2.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 2-2 PT of IA-treated mice with different doses Injected dose (ppm) 0 1 10 100 1000 N 10 6 6 6 6 Mean of PT (sec) 11.1 11.2 11.4 11.5 12.6 S.D. 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.6 1.2 *p-value — 0.728 0.293 0.237 0.006 Sample were obtained 3 hr after IA intraperitoneal injection *Data were compared with untreated group (injected dose is 0 ppm). S.D. = standard deviation.

[0060] As shown in Table 2-2 and FIG. 3B, the PT was obviously prolonged when mice were treated with 1000 ppm of IA. The data have statistical meaning when treating 1000 ppm of IA. The p value for trend in PT was 0.307. The results reveal that the coagulation time in the IA-treated mice increases at a high dose of IA, indicating an anticoagulation effect in the extrinsic pathway caused by high dose of IA.

[0061] The present application shows that IA suppresses murine coagulation system, including intrinsic pathway (aPTT) and extrinsic pathway (PT). The PT was suppressed by 1 mL of 1000 ppm IA (0.05 mL/kg) 2 h after intraperitoneal injection. However, in the dose study, it needed 1 mL of 1000 ppm IA to suppress PT 3 hr after intraperitoneal injection. aPTT is more sensitive to IA suppression. IA injection with 1 mL of 1000 ppm was able to suppress aPTT in 1 hr. For dose study, as low as 1 ppm of 1 mL IA was able to suppress aPTT 3 hr after IA intraperitoneal injection. The above data show that IA effectively prolongs aPTT of the-treated mice, but prolongs the PT only at high dose of IA such as 1000 ppm, which suggests that IA has more significant effect on the intrinsic pathway of coagulation than that of the extrinsic pathway. In other words, the intrinsic pathway is more sensitive to IA suppression.

[0062] It should be noted that, our experimental data also show that a normal physiological state can be maintained when 1 mL of 1,000 ppm (0.05 mL/kg) IA was applied to mice. BALB/C mice (20 g) could tolerate 1 mL of 20,000 ppm (0.1 mL/kg) of intraperitoneal injection. Moreover, Applicant also found that a normal physiological state can also be maintained even when 1 mL of 30,000 ppm IA was applied to rats. In other words, IA is not harmful to the health of mammals even at high doses.

[0063] The results of the present invention illustrate that both of the PT of extrinsic pathway and the aPTT of intrinsic pathway are prolonged as the treatment time of IA increased. Also, it was found that PT increased with statistical meaning after 2 hr of the intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL of 1000 ppm IA and the aPTT increased with statistical meaning after 1 hr of the intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL of 1000 ppm IA.

[0064] These results reveal that the pharmaceutical composition of formula (I), i.e. IA, has an anticoagulation effect in mammals such as mice and rats. Therefore, the method for anticoagulation by administering IA to a subject in need has a very high value in future medical research and application. For example, the use of administering IA for anticoagulation in prevention of thrombosis and embolism.

[0065] While the invention has been described by way of example and in terms of the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements (as would be apparent to those skilled in the art). Therefore, the scope of the appended claims should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements.