Abstract
An aircraft electric door including a locking system for actuating a safety catch for locking the door, a system for moving the door between open and closed positions, and a single electric motor for actuating both the locking system and the system for moving the door.
Claims
1. An aircraft electric door for a pressurized airframe (1) comprising: a locking system (S4) for actuating a safety catch (43, 4a, 4b); a moving system for opening and closing the door (110, 200, 300); and a single electric motor (2, 21, 210) for actuating both the locking system and the moving system; the moving system is activated by a door computer (3) and includes a cylindrical support (50, 501, 502) and a fixed guide (9, 91, 92), the cylindrical support is rotated by the electric motor (2); wherein the support (50) has a guideway (51, 511, 512) linked to a door arm (6) of the door, the guideway (51, 511, 512) is partially helical along a vertical rotation axis (Z′Z) of the support (50, 501, 502); wherein the door arm (6) is supported by and pivots around a vertical hinge (61) and is linked with door lifting devices (7a, 7b, 8, 62), the door lifting devices are mounted between a shaft of the safety catch (43) and the door arm (6); wherein the fixed guide (9, 91, 92) includes a vertical camway (9v, 91v, 92v) and a horizontal camway (9h, 91h, 92h) to guide the door arm (6) as the door is moved by the single motor between an open position and a closed position, the horizontal camway is configured to prevent the door arm (6) from being vertically lowered in at least one position of the door arm between the open and closed positions of the door, and the vertical camway is configured prevent the door arm (6) from pivoting in at least another position of the door arm between the open and closed positions of the door; and wherein the cylindrical support is a rotatable sleeve (50), the fixed guide surrounds the rotatable sleeve, and a pair of guiding sliders (63a, 63b) operatively link the vertical and horizontal camways to the guideway.
2. The aircraft electric door as claimed in claim 1, wherein the door lifting devices (7a) are engageable with lifting ramps (7b) for multiplying an initiating force for lifting the door (1).
3. The aircraft electric door as claimed in claim 2, wherein lifting levers (40) are placed at distal ends of the safety catch shaft (43).
4. The aircraft electric door as claimed in claim 1, further including a triggering device for unlocking the safety catch, the triggering device includes a handle (4) associated with a sensor (C1) for detecting when the handle is in and end position and a push-button (B4) for sending an electrical signal to the door computer (3).
5. The aircraft electric door as claimed in claim 4, wherein the safety catch (43, 4a, 4b) comprises locks (41) mounted on a lock shaft (42), and the locks are engagable with counter-locks (44) mounted on the safety catch shaft (43).
6. The aircraft electric door as claimed in claim 1, further including position sensors (C2, C3, C4) linked with the door computer (3).
7. The aircraft electric door as claimed in claim 1, wherein the horizontal camway (9h) of the fixed guide (9) is a raised edge of the fixed guide.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) Other data, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge on reading the non-limited description that follows, with reference to the attached figures, which show, respectively:
(2) FIG. 1, an overall view of the internal side of an aircraft door equipped with an example of a system for coordinating door movements according to the invention, implementing a set of door movement rollers;
(3) FIG. 2, a perspective view of the locking system for the safety catch of the preceding example;
(4) FIG. 3a shows a perspective front view of the locking system for the safety catch of FIG. 2 in which the safety catch is unlocked but the safety catch shaft remains in the “door closed” position;
(5) FIG. 3b shows a perspective front view of the locking system for the safety catch of FIG. 2 showing the roller vertically raised;
(6) FIG. 3c shows a perspective front view of the locking system for the safety catch of FIG. 2 showing the roller reaching the upper extremity of the camway;
(7) FIG. 4a shows a side view of the door lifting lever and safety catch showing the shaft in the locked position relative to safety catch ramps;
(8) FIG. 4b shows a side view of the door lifting lever and the safety catch shaft showing the rollers and safety catch shaft unlocked;
(9) FIG. 4c shows a side view of the door lifting lever and the safety catch shaft showing the door lifted to the upper position;
(10) FIG. 5a shows a front perspective view of the door arm pivoting operation when the door is in the upper position at the end of the lifting operation;
(11) FIG. 5b shows the door arm pivoting operation when the door is in the closed position;
(12) FIG. 5c shows a partial sectional view of the door arm pivoting operation showing a set of coaxial rollers;
(13) FIG. 6a shows a perspective view from a first complementary viewing angle of the door in the closed position, the door being equipped with a second example of a system for coordinating movements with two door movement rollers;
(14) FIG. 6b shows a perspective view from a second complementary viewing angle of the door in the closed position, the door being equipped with a second example of a system for coordinating movements with two door movement rollers;
(15) FIG. 7a shows a perspective view along a first complementary viewing angle of the door in the intermediate lifting position, the door being equipped with the second example of a system for coordinating movements;
(16) FIG. 7b shows a perspective view along a first complementary viewing angle of the door in the intermediate lifting position, the door being equipped with the second example of a system for coordinating movements;
(17) FIGS. 8 to 10, perspective views of the door, respectively in the lifted position, in the intermediate position during its horizontal pivoting rotation, and in the final open position after its horizontal pivoting rotation, the door being equipped with said second example of a system for coordinating movements;
(18) FIG. 11, a perspective view of a third example of a system for coordinating movement of an aircraft door having two rollers and a ball rod according to the invention, the door being in the closed position;
(19) FIG. 12a shows, an overall view of the third example of a system for coordinating movements, in the initial door closed position;
(20) FIG. 12b shows a detailed perspective view of the third example of a system for coordinating movements, in the initial door closed position;
(21) FIG. 12c shows a vertical sectional view of the third example of a system for coordinating movements, in the initial door closed position;
(22) FIG. 13a shows an overall view of the third example in the door ready-to-lift position;
(23) FIG. 13b shows a vertical sectional view of the third example in the door ready-to-lift position;
(24) FIG. 14a shows an overall view of the third example in the door lifted to the upper position;
(25) FIG. 14b shows a vertical sectional views of the third example in the door lifted to the upper position;
(26) FIG. 15a shows a perspective view of the third example showing rotation around the vertical axis, in order to pivot the door to the open position; and
(27) FIG. 15b shows a sectional view of the device of the third example.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(28) In all of this text, the qualifiers “vertical” and “horizontal” (and their derivatives), relative to the position of items in use, refer to the direction of the Earth's gravity, in relation to land or on water, and to a plane perpendicular to this direction. Furthermore, identical reference characters on the figures refer to the same items with the same functions and the paragraphs that describe them.
(29) With reference to FIG. 1, which illustrates an overall view of the internal side 1a of an example of an aircraft door 1 for passengers according to the invention, a single actuating electric motor 2 is managed by a digital control data processing unit 3, known by the name “door computer”. An internal locking handle 4 allows a locking system S4 to be released. A sensor C1 is placed at the end of travel of the handle 4 in order to directly trigger the starting of the motor 2 in the event of an emergency opening. In normal conditions, this starting is triggered by a dual push-button B4 of the “on/off” (open/closed) type.
(30) The electric door likewise comprises a system for coordinating movements 110, vertical lifting movement and horizontal door pivoting movement. This system 110 comprises the single actuating electric motor 2, a cylindrical sleeve 50 having a vertical rotation axis Z′Z, intended to be rotated by the motor 2, and a fixed cam 9.
(31) The electric motor 2 is likewise linked with a mobile cam 5 formed in the cylindrical sleeve 50 having the vertical rotation axis Z′Z. This mobile cam 5 is intended to perform the lifting of the door 1 and it's pivoting. It has a guideway, called the camway 51, of a door arm 6. The arm 6 is hinged on a vertical hinge 61 mounted on the door 1, in order to pivot the door 1 around the fuselage (see the description referring to FIGS. 5a and 5b). The door arm 6 thus remains free in vertical translation along the axis Z′Z. In particular, during the flight phases, the arm 6 is not loaded by the weight of the door 1.
(32) This arm 6 is furthermore linked, in axial rotation along the axis X′X, with a central linking lever 8, itself linked in axial rotation on a safety catch shaft 43.
(33) A fixed cam 9 fitted in a cylindrical sleeve around the sleeve 50 of the mobile cam 5 is likewise intended to guide the door arm 6 in two directions. FIGS. 3a to 3c and 5a to 5c will more accurately illustrate these guideways in two directions.
(34) Moreover, a set of guide links 102 is provided on the upper part of the door 1 in order to ensure circular translation when the door opens.
(35) The perspective view of FIG. 2 is a detailed illustration of the locking system S4 of the safety catch.
(36) In this system, a lifting action (arrow F1) through 180 degrees of the internal safety handle 4 (or the actuation of the push-button B4 of FIG. 1) unlocks the safety catch consisting of the tight contact of locks in the form of locking stops 41 of a lock shaft 42 against counter-locks 44 of the safety catch shaft 43. The shaft 43 is then electrically released from the stop 41 by rotation of the lock shaft 42. The shaft 43 is driven by the motor 2 actuated by the door computer 3 (see FIG. 1).
(37) The rotation of the shafts 42 and 43 is detected and electronically monitored by position sensors C2 and C3 (FIG. 1), respectively fitted opposite an extremity of the shafts 42 and 43. These sensors receive a variable induction emitted by Hall effect tracks integrated in the shaft bearings. The sensor C3 sends the angular position of the shafts 42 and 43 to the door computer.
(38) More generally, the computer manages the movements of the door according to the information transmitted by all of the position sensors fitted opposite the rotating parts, especially—in the illustrated example—opposite the sensors of the shafts 42 and 43 and also that of the motor column (see below).
(39) This figure also shows the linking lever 8 mounted to rotate axially on a lever roller 81 arranged in a fitting 62 linking with the door arm 6.
(40) The lifting operation of the door arm 6, which starts door opening, is illustrated by the perspective views of FIGS. 3a to 3c. In these figures (and also in FIGS. 5a to 5c), the door arm 6 appears as transparent in order to avoid masking the components situated behind.
(41) The end of unlocking the safety catch 43, described above, transmits, via the door computer 3, a command to the electric motor 2 to rotate the mobile cam 5 of vertical axis of rotation Z′Z. To do this, the angular position of the lock shaft 42 is detected, for example by the Hall effect sensors of the lock shaft 42.
(42) For this lifting operation, a traveler, presented in the example as a set 63 of coaxial rollers coming from the door arm 6, is positioned in the helical and globally slanted camway 51 formed on the sleeve 50. The roller 63 is likewise inscribed in a vertical guideway called the camway 9v of the fixed cam 9.
(43) With reference to FIG. 3a, in which the safety catch is unlocked but the safety catch shaft 43 remains in the “door closed” position, the roller 63 is simultaneously placed at the low extremity of the slanted camway 51 and the vertical camway 9v.
(44) After actuation of the rotation of the cam 5 (arrow F2) by the electric motor 2 and unlocking of the safety catch shaft 43 (see the later passage referring to FIG. 4b), the roller 63 rises in the slanted camway 51 of the mobile cam 5, and also in the vertical camway 9v of the fixed cam 9 (see FIG. 3b). This vertical camway 9v being fixed, the roller 63 rises vertically in the direction Z′Z and, in this rise, drives the door arm 6, which therefore likewise rises vertically. The linking lever 8 is then axially rotated by the door arm 6, and releases the safety catch shaft 43 from its locked position.
(45) The door arm 6 likewise drives a vertical lifting of the door 1, and this lifting continues until the roller 63 (FIG. 3c) reaches the upper extremity of the slanted camway 51 and that of the vertical camway 9v.
(46) Respectively at the same moments when the views of FIGS. 3a to 3c were taken, FIGS. 4a to 4c illustrate more accurately, in side views in the frame 100 of the door 1, the rotation of safety catch levers 4a placed at the extremities of the safety catch shaft 43 in the aim of unlocking the safety catch shaft 43. In FIG. 4a, the shaft 43 is in the locked position relative to safety catch ramps 4b and to unlocking rollers 40 fitted on the safety catch levers 4a. Unlocking the rollers 40 releases the safety catch shaft 43 (FIG. 4b). The rotation of the linking lever 8 then rotates the safety catch levers 4a. In FIG. 4c, the door is lifted to the upper position, this lift corresponding to that of the linking fitting 62.
(47) During this rotation, lifting rollers 7a, mounted at the extremity of the safety catch shaft 43, bear against lifting ramps 7b, which allows a significant lifting force to develop, in order if it is necessary to break the ice covering the external skin of the aircraft (FIGS. 4b and 4c). The moment exerted by the short lever arm formed between the rollers 7a and the ramps 7b supplies a large force, which, guided by the lifting ramp 7b, increases the lifting force: the door is raised by a few millimeters with a force sufficient to break, mainly by shearing, the ice localized between the perimeter of the door and the fuselage.
(48) With reference to FIGS. 5a and 5b, which illustrate the pivoting operation of the door 1, when the door 1 is in the upper position at the end of the lifting operation (as illustrated by FIG. 3c), the cam 5 continues to turn (arrow F2). The set of coaxial rollers 63, which abut the extremity of the slanted camway 51, is no longer guided by the vertical camway 9v. Driven by the sleeve 50, it turns with the latter around the vertical axis Z′Z, while still bearing against a horizontal guideway, called the camway 9h, of the cam 9. This rotation causes the door arm 6 to pivot around the hinge 61 of the door 1 (see FIG. 1) and move forward towards the aircraft fuselage.
(49) The partial sectional view of FIG. 5c more particularly illustrates the installation of the rollers 63a and 63b constituting the set 63. The rollers 63a and 63b are mounted coaxially on a single axle 6x.
(50) For door closing, the operations of door pivoting, door lowering, safety catch locking and immobilizing, take place in the reverse order through a control of the motor 2 in inverse rotation and through closing the internal safety handle 4 (FIG. 1).
(51) A second embodiment of a system for coordinating door movements with two separate rollers is illustrated in FIGS. 6a to 10. FIGS. 6a and 6b show two complementary perspective views of this system 200 in the door closed position. These complementary views 6a and 6b, and also views 7a and 7b described below, make it possible to illustrate the relative positions of the rollers.
(52) In this second embodiment, the camway sleeves are separate: the coordination system 200 comprises a mobile cylindrical sleeve 501, mounted on the vertical column 20, which is rotated by the motor 2 via a reducing gear 21, and a fixed cylindrical sleeve 91 coaxial with the mobile sleeve 501 along the axis Z′Z. The rotation of the column 20 is monitored by a Hall effect sensor C4 (FIG. 1), as are the lock shaft 42 and the safety catch shaft 43.
(53) The mobile sleeve 501 comprises a camway 511 formed from a helical portion, globally slanted on the axis Z′Z, linked with a first door movement guide roller 631 coming from the door arm 6.
(54) The fixed sleeve 91, coaxial with the first sleeve 501, furthermore forms a double camway 91h and 91v, respectively vertical and horizontal, linked with a second door movement guide roller 632. This second roller 632 comes from the door arm 6 via a lower yoke in which a bore 601 has been made such that the vertical column 20 of the motor can pass through it.
(55) The complementary perspective views of FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate an intermediate lifting position of the door arm 6 (and therefore of the aircraft door). In FIG. 7a, the first roller 631 appears to move forward in the slanted camway 511, this camway rotating around the vertical axis Z′Z. Because the second roller 632 is vertically guided in the camway 91v (FIG. 7b), the first roller 631 can only move likewise in a vertical movement when it travels the slanted camway 511.
(56) With reference to the perspective view of FIG. 8, the rollers 631 and 632 are at the upper stops of the camways 511 and 91v. The door arm 6 (and therefore the aircraft door), is then in the upper lifting position.
(57) As illustrated by the perspective view of FIG. 9, the first roller 631 is then driven in rotation around the axis Z′Z by the reducing gear 21 via the mobile sleeve 501. In fact, the second roller is simultaneously guided through the horizontal camway 91h, which extends as a continuation of the vertical camway 91v.
(58) During this rotation, the door arm 6 pivots and FIG. 9 illustrates the arm 6 in the intermediate pivoted position. When the second roller 632 has reached the stop of the horizontal camway 91h (FIG. 10), the door arm 6 has fully pivoted and the door is fully disengaged along the external skin of the fuselage.
(59) A third embodiment of the system for coordinating movements of doors with rollers and with ball rods is illustrated in FIGS. 11 to 15b.
(60) In the perspective view of FIG. 11, the system for coordinating movements 300 corresponds to the position of the door arm 6 when the door is closed. This coordination system 300 comprises a vertical rod 23, forming a threaded rod 502 with balls, and a fixed guideway sleeve 92 coaxial with the rod 23. The coordination system 300 rests on fittings 330s and 330i via cylindrical hinge plates: two upper hinge plates 331a and 331b linked with an upper fitting 330s, an intermediate hinge plate 331c and a lower hinge plate 331d linked with a lower fitting 330i. The sleeve 92, which is part of the lower fitting 330i, has the intermediate hinge plate 331c as its base.
(61) The rod 23, intended to be rotated by the back-geared motor 210, forms a helical guideway 512 linked with a ball nut 633 for lifting the door arm 6.
(62) Also illustrated in FIG. 11 are the upper and lower hinge yokes 64 and 65 for rotationally mounting the door arm 6 on the rod 23, and also an intermediate yoke 66. These yokes are mounted on guide rings (not illustrated).
(63) With reference to the perspective and sectional views of FIGS. 12a to 12c, which illustrate the door arm 6 in the initial door closed position, the ball nut 633 appears to be mounted around the rod 502 of the rod 23. The nut and rod with balls assembly forms a rotation system around the rod 23 that is virtually devoid of any friction.
(64) The fixed sleeve 92 of the intermediate fitting 331c comprises a vertical camway 92v (FIGS. 12b and 12c). This vertical camway 92v is devoted to a guide roller 634 mounted on a portion 24a of a transverse rod 24, consisting of two coaxial portions 24a and 24b, and integral with the rod 23. This transverse rod 24 is made to lift the door arm 6 vertically via the intermediate yoke 66. Another upper transverse rod 25, mounted above the intermediate yoke 66 of the door arm 6, passes through the rod 23. This upper transverse rod 25 is terminated by two rollers 635 and 636 mounted to turn around this transverse rod 25.
(65) After the back-geared motor has been triggered by the push-button B4 or by the sensor C1 (FIG. 1), the rod 23 is driven in translation in the direction of lift (arrow F3) along the axis Z′Z, via the ball nut 633 linked with the threaded rod 502 (FIG. 12a). The perspective and sectional views of FIGS. 13a and 13b illustrate a position of the rod 23 ready to lift the door arm 6.
(66) From the initial door closed position (FIGS. 12a to 12c) to the position of the rod 23 ready to lift the door (FIGS. 13a and 13b), the rod 502 is mechanically prevented from rotating by the vertical guidance imposed by the roller 634 moving in the vertical camway 92v of the fixed sleeve 92. In the ready-to-lift position (FIGS. 13a and 13b), the transverse rod 24 has become embedded in the intermediate yoke 66 in order to lift it vertically. The transverse rod 25 lifts with the rod 23.
(67) Such a vertical lifting of the door (still according to the arrow F3 along the axis Z′Z), via the intermediate yoke 66 of the door arm 6, finishes at the door lifting position called upper. This position is illustrated by the perspective and sectional views of FIGS. 14a and 14b. At this stage, the roller 634 has exited the vertical camway 92v of the fixed sleeve 92, and coaxially along the vertical axis Z′Z, the upper transverse rod 25 has become embedded in the upper hinge plate 331b.
(68) With reference to the perspective and sectional views of FIGS. 15a and 15b, the movement coordination system 300 is in the rotation phase for pivoting the arm 6 and opening the door along the external skin of the aircraft fuselage.
(69) During this phase, the exit of the roller 634 from the vertical camway 92v (FIGS. 14a and 14b) releases the rotational drive (arrow F4) of the rod 23 through the nut 633. Until then, this rotation was mechanically prevented by the vertical camway 92v. The rollers 635 and 636 then move in a horizontal camway 92h formed in the upper hinge plate 331b (FIG. 15b). The vertical translation along the axis Z′Z is then blocked by the hinge plate 331b. Furthermore, the lower transverse rod 24 is likewise driven in horizontal rotation in a toric groove provided in the intermediate yoke 66.
(70) The invention is not limited to the embodiment examples described and illustrated. A battery can therefore be provided to supply electrical energy if the on-board network is no longer capable of supplying electrical current, especially in the event of an emergency. It is, moreover, possible to provide a substitute manual device to open the door if neither the on-board network nor the battery is capable of supplying electrical current. Such a device is not directly accessible, so that it cannot be deregulated, and is connected directly to the motor or back-geared motor.
(71) The airborne vehicle is usually an aircraft, but it could be a cargo airplane and, more generally, any flying machine capable of transporting passengers.
(72) Several parallel camways can furthermore be formed on the sleeves, these camways and the corresponding sliders being vertically aligned in the vertical camway of the fixed cam.
