Magnetic resin compound, method for preparing the same, and use thereof
09815948 · 2017-11-14
Assignee
Inventors
- Hongjun E (Beijing, CN)
- Heju Zhu (Beijing, CN)
- Xiuhua Sui (Beijing, CN)
- Pengfei Liao (Beijing, CN)
- Leilei Hu (Beijing, CN)
Cpc classification
C10M2215/02
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C08G83/00
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10M125/10
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10M2201/062
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10M2201/14
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10N2030/06
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10M139/04
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C10M2201/062
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
International classification
C08G83/00
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Abstract
Disclosed is a magnetic dendrimer compound and a method for preparing the magnetic dendrimer compound, the molecular formula of which is shown in formula (I): Γ(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)R.sup.1.sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2)R.sup.2.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.)(I). In this formula, Γ indicates magnetic particles coated with SiO.sub.2 on a surface thereof, the magnetic particles having been modified by a silane coupling agent; (CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)R.sup.1.sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2) is a dendritic group, and R.sup.2.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.) is a lipophilic group, with 0≤n≤100. Further disclosed is a lubricant comprising the magnetic dendrimer compound.
Claims
1. A magnetic dendrimer compound, having a molecular formula as shown in formula (I):
Γ(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)R.sup.1.sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2)R.sup.2.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.) (I), wherein Γ indicates a magnetic particle coated with SiO.sub.2 on a surface thereof, the magnetic particle having been modified by a silane coupling agent, wherein (CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)R.sup.1.sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2) is a dendritic group, and wherein R.sup.2 .sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.) is a lipophilic group, with 0≤n≤100, wherein R.sup.1 is selected from polyamido-amine dendrimers having a repetitive structure unit as shown in formula (II):
—(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH— (II).
2. The magnetic dendrimer compound according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic particle is a magnetic nanoparticle.
3. The magnetic dendrimer compound according to claim 1, wherein 0≤n≤10.
4. The magnetic dendrimer compound according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic particle comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4, Ni, and γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3.
5. The magnetic dendrimer compound according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic particle is selected from core-shell Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2 magnetic nanoparticles coated with SiO.sub.2 on an outer shell thereof, said magnetic particles having been modified by a silane coupling agent.
6. The magnetic dendrimer compound according to claim 1, wherein the silane coupling agent is 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, or 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane.
7. The magnetic dendrimer compound according to claim 1, wherein R.sup.2 is selected from a group consisting of linear or branched C.sub.1-18 alkyls.
8. A method for preparing the magnetic dendrimer compound according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: step i): providing a magnetic particle coated with SiO.sub.2; step ii) modifying a surface of the magnetic particle with a silane coupling agent, and reacting the modified product with a dendrimer, so as to bond the dendrimer to the magnetic nanoparticle; and step iii) reacting a product of the dendrimer bonded to the magnetic nanoparticle that has been obtained in step ii) with a compound having a lipophilic group, to produce the magnetic dendrimer compound.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the compound having a lipophilic group is a halohydrocarbon.
10. An anti-wear additive for lubricating oils, the anti-wear additive comprising the magnetic dendrimer compound according to claim 1.
11. A lubricant comprising the magnetic dendrimer compound according to claim 1.
12. The lubricant according to claim 11, wherein the content of the magnetic dendrimer compound in the lubricant is in the range from 100 ppm to 5% by weight.
13. The lubricant according to claim 11, wherein the content of Fe and/or Ni in the lubricant is in the range from 0.01 ppm to 0.20% by weight.
14. The lubricant according to claim 11, wherein the content of Si in the lubricant is in the range from 0.01ppm to 0.20% by weight.
15. The lubricant according to claim 11, wherein the magnetic dendrimer compound is selected from magnetic polyamido-amine compounds as shown in formula (III):
Γ(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2) (C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1).sub.2.sup.n+1 (III), wherein Γ represents a magnetic particle coated with SiO.sub.2 on a surface thereof, the magnetic particle having been modified by a silane coupling agent, wherein (CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)R.sup.1.sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2 ) is a dendritic group, and wherein (C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1).sub.2.sup.n+1 is a lipophilic group, with 0≤n≤10, and 1≤m ≤18.
16. The lubricant according to claim 15, wherein in the magnetic polyamido-amine compound, n is an integer selected from 5-9, and m is an integer selected from 9-13.
17. The method according to claim 8, wherein the compound having a lipophilic group is a haloalkane.
18. The lubricant according to claim 11, wherein the content of Fe and/or Ni in the lubricant is in the range from 0.01 ppm to 429 ppm by weight.
19. The lubricant according to claim 11, wherein the content of Si in the lubricant is in the range from 0.01 to 20.1 ppm by weight.
20. A lubricant comprising a magnetic dendrimer compound having a molecular formula as shown in formula (I):
Γ(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)R.sup.1.sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2)R.sup.2.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.) (I), wherein Γ indicates a magnetic particle coated with SiO.sub.2 on a surface thereof, the magnetic particle having been modified by a silane coupling agent, wherein (CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)R.sup.1.sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2) is a dendritic group, and wherein R.sup.2.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.) is a lipophilic group, with 0≤n≤100, wherein the content of the magnetic dendrimer compound in the lubricant is in the range from 100 ppm to 5% by weight.
21. A lubricant comprising a magnetic dendrimer compound having a molecular formula as shown in formula (I):
Γ(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)R.sup.1.sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2)R.sup.2.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.) (I), wherein Γ indicates a magnetic particle coated with SiO.sub.2 on a surface thereof, the magnetic particle having been modified by a silane coupling agent, wherein (CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)R.sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2) is a dendritic group, and wherein R.sup.2.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.) is a lipophilic group, with 0≤n≤100, wherein the content of Fe and/or Ni in the lubricant is in the range from 0.01 ppm to 0.20% by weight.
22. A lubricant comprising a magnetic dendrimer compound having a molecular formula as shown in formula (I):
Γ(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)R.sup.1.sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2)R.sup.2.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.) (I), wherein Γ indicates a magnetic particle coated with SiO.sub.2 on a surface thereof, the magnetic particle having been modified by a silane coupling agent, wherein (CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)R.sup.1.sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2) is a dendritic group, and wherein R.sup.2.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.) is a lipophilic group, with 0≤n≤100, wherein the content of Si in the lubricant is in the range from 0.01% to 0.20% by weight.
23. A lubricant comprising a magnetic dendrimer compound selected from magnetic polyamido-amine compounds as shown in formula (III):
Γ(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2)(C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1).sub.2.sup.n+1 (III), wherein Γ represents a magnetic particle coated with SiO.sub.2 on a surface thereof, the magnetic particle having been modified by a silane coupling agent, wherein (CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.(2.sup.n+1.sub.−1)R.sup.1 .sub.(2.sup.n+2.sub.−2) is a dendritic group, and wherein(C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1).sub.2.sup.n+1 is a lipophilic group, with 0≤n≤10, and 1≤m ≤18.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
(6) The present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to the examples and accompany drawings. However, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples.
(7) In the present disclosure, a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to perform magnetic hysteresis loop analysis on Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles and a magnetic polyamidoamine compound (G5, m=12).
(8) A transmission electronmicroscope was used to perform particle size analysis on the fifth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound.
(9) An SRV multi-functional friction-wear tester was used to test a lubricant comprising the nanoscale polyamidoamine compound of the present disclosure. The pattern of a friction pair pattern comprising a ball and a disk was used. The test was performed under a frequency of 50 Hz, a temperature of 50° C., and gradiently increasing pressures from 50 N in the beginning, 100 N in two minutes, so on and so forth, to 2,000 N in the end (or till the friction coefficient reaches 0.3).
(10) In the present disclosure, the contents of Fe and/or Ni as well as Si in the lubricant were tested in accordance with the method as prescribed in the standards of ASTM D5185.
(11) Distribution coefficient was an attached parameter determined in gel chromatography. The closer the parameter to 1 is, the more homogeneous the molecular distribution is.
EXAMPLE 1
(12) Preparation of a magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=0, m=12) with Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2 as its core.
(13) (1) A 0.1 mol/L FeCl.sub.2.4H.sub.2O solution and a 0.2 mol/L FeCl.sub.3.6H.sub.2O solution with a volume ratio of 2:1 therebetween were added into a first container, which was placed into an ultrasonic reactor at (30±1)° C. A 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution was added dropwise under ultrasound, until the resulting solution had a pH value of 12. Magnetic field was used to separate magnetic particles. Deionized water was used to wash the magnetic particles until a washing liquid had a pH value of 7. Black Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles could thus be obtained.
(14) (2) 18.4 g of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles were weighed and dispersed into 100 mL of anhydrous ethanol, into which a few drops of oleic acid were added, followed by 10 minutes of ultrasonic dispersion. The dispersed solution was transferred to a second container, into which 20.8 g of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 7 g of NH.sub.3.H.sub.2O were added, followed by 3 hours of stirring. After reactions were completed, the resulting solution was repeatedly washed with distilled water under magnetic attraction, until the solution would not turn morbid any more. A resulting precipitate was dried under vacuum at 80° C., and then porphyrized, to give the final core-shell magnetic nanoparticles of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2.
(15) (3) 5 g of the core-shell magnetic nanoparticles of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2 were weighed and placed into a flask, in which 20 mL of a toluene solution of a silane coupling agent (KH550, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane) at a concentrate of 10% by volume was added dropwise. Reaction was performed for 60 min at 50° C. After the temperature was lowered down to room temperature, the resulting mixture was filtered under vacuum, washed with methanol, and then dried for 12 h in a vacuum drying oven at 70° C.
(16) (4) 5 g of product obtained after silanization (surface modification) was placed into a flask, into which 20 mL of a methanol solution of methyl acrylate at a concentration of 30% by volume was slowly added, followed by stirring for 90 min at 60° C. After the temperature was lowered down to room temperature, the resulting mixture was filtered under vacuum, washed with methanol and then dried. 5.8 g of the resulting product was placed into a flask, into which 20 mL of a methanol solution of ethylenediamine at a concentration of 30% by volume was added. Stirring followed for 180 min at 60° C. After the temperature was lowered down to room temperature, the resulting mixture was filtered under vacuum, washed with methanol and then dried, to give magnetic nanoparticles modified by PAMAM dendrimer generation zero.
(17) (5) 1.8 g of the obtained PAMAM dendrimer generation zero was added into 0.5 g of C.sub.12H.sub.25I, followed by stirring for 10 min at room temperature. A sample was placed into a microwave extraction tank, in which reaction was performed for 30 min at a microwave power of 200 W and a temperature of 50° C. After the temperature was lowered down to room temperature, suction filtration was performed under reduced pressure, followed by washing with methanol and drying, to obtain 2.1 g of magnetic polyamidoamine compound G0, i.e., PAMAM magnetic nano anti-wear agent (G0, n=0, m=12).
(18) Test and analysis showed the molecular formula of the PAMAM magnetic nano anti-wear agent G0 is (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N [(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.2(C.sub.12H.sub.25).sub.2, the molecular weight of which is 989.
(19) .sup.13CNMR, δ (ppm), 170-180 (d, C═O), 52-60 (quint, C—Si), 45-51 (d, CH.sub.3), 31-40 (d, C—N), 10-20 (quart, CH.sub.2). FTIR(KBr)ν (cm.sup.−1), 2980 (ν.sub.CH3), 2940, 2870, 1467 (ν.sub.CH2), 1644 (ν.sub.C═O), 1560 (ν-.sub.N—H), 1350(ν.sub.C—N), 1275 (ν.sub.si-C), 1116 (), 1080(ν.sub.si-O), 1401.8 (ν.sub.si-O—Fe), 579(ν.sub.Fe—O-si).
(20) The first to ten generation magnetic nanoparticles (m=12) of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2 coated with silica gel and modified by PAMAM dendrimers, and the first to tenth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compounds (G1-10, n=1-10, m=12) were obtained successively by means of repetition of steps (4) and (5).
(21) Gel permeation chromatography was used to analyze the first to tenth generation PAMAM magnetic nano anti-wear agents. The first generation PAMAM magnetic nano anti-wear agent (m=12) has a molecular formula of (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.3[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.6(C.sub.12H.sub.25).sub.4, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 1721, and the distribution coefficient was 1.05.
(22) The second generation magnetic nanoscale polyamidoamine compound (m=12) has a molecular formula of (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.7[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.14(C.sub.12H.sub.25).sub.8, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 3332, and the distribution coefficient was 1.09.
(23) The third generation magnetic nanoscale polyamidoamine compound (m=12) has a molecular formula of (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.15[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.30(C12H25).sub.16, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 6241, and the distribution coefficient was 1.15.
(24) The fourth generation magnetic nanoscale polyamidoamine compound (m=12) has a molecular formula of (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.31[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.62(C.sub.12H.sub.25).sub.32, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 13051, and the distribution coefficient was 1.18.
(25) The fifth generation magnetic nanoscale polyamidoamine compound (m=12) has a molecular formula of (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.63[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.126(C.sub.12H.sub.25).sub.64, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 24752, and the distribution coefficient was 1.23.
(26) The sixth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=12) has a molecular formula of (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.127[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.254(C.sub.12H.sub.25).sub.128, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 46012, and the distribution coefficient was 1.29.
(27) The seventh generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=12) has a molecular formula of (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.255[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.510(C.sub.12H.sub.25).sub.256, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 93245, and the distribution coefficient was 1.34.
(28) The eighth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=12) has a molecular formula of (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.511[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.1022(C.sub.12H.sub.25).sub.512, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 184059, and the distribution coefficient was 1.38.
(29) The ninth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=12) has a molecular formula of (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.1023[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.204(C.sub.12H.sub.25).sub.1024, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 370372, and the distribution coefficient was 1.41.
(30) The tenth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=12) has a molecular formula of (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.2047[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.409(C.sub.12H.sub.25).sub.2048, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 728913, and the distribution coefficient was 1.49.
EXAMPLE 2
(31) Preparation of magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=18) (PAMAM) G0 with Ni&SiO.sub.2 as its core.
(32) (1) 10 g of Ni nanoparticles were weighed and dispersed into 100 mL of anhydrous ethyl alcohol, into which oleic acid was added, followed by 10 minutes of ultrasonic dispersion. The dispersed solution was transferred to a 250 mL first container, into which 15 g of TEOS and 5 g of NH.sub.3.H.sub.2O were added, followed by 3 hours of stirring. After reactions were completed, the resulting solution was repeatedly washed with distilled water under magnetic attraction, until the solution would not turn morbid any more. A resulting precipitate was dried under vacuum at 80° C., and finally porphyrized to give the final core-shell magnetic nanoparticles of Ni&SiO.sub.2.
(33) (2) 5 g of the core-shell magnetic nanoparticles of Ni&SiO.sub.2 were weighed and placed into a flask, into which 20 mL of a toluene solution of a silane coupling agent (KH550, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane) at a concentrate of 10% by volume was added dropwise. Reaction followed for 60 min at 50° C. After the temperature was lowered down to room temperature, the resulting mixture was filtered under vacuum, washed with methanol, and then dried for 12 h in a vacuum drying oven at 70° C.
(34) (3) 5 g of product obtained after silanization, was placed into a second container, into which 20 mL of a methanol solution of methyl acrylate at a concentration of 30% by volume was slowly added, followed by stirring for 90 min at 60° C. After the temperature was lowered down to room temperature, the resulting mixture was filtered under vacuum, washed with methanol and then dried. 5.8 g of the resulting product was weighed and placed into a flask, into which 20 mL of a methanol solution of ethylenediamine at a concentration of 30% by volume was added. Stirring followed for 180 min at 60° C. After the temperature was lowered down to room temperature, the resulting mixture was filtered under vacuum, washed with methanol and then dried, to give magnetic nanoparticles modified by PAMAM dendrimer G0.
(35) (4) 1.8 g of the obtained PAMAM dendrimer G0 was added into 0.5 g of C.sub.12H.sub.25I, followed by stirring for 10 min at room temperature. A sample was placed into a microwave extraction tank, in which reaction was performed for 30 min at a microwave power of 200 W and a temperature of 50° C. After the temperature was lowered down to room temperature, the resulting mixture was filtered under vacuum, washed with methanol and then dried, to obtain 2.1 g of magnetic polyamidoamine compound G0, i.e., PAMAM magnetic nano anti-wear agent with Ni&SiO.sub.2 as its core (G0, n=0, m=18).
(36) Test and analysis showed the molecular formula of the PAMAM magnetic nano anti-wear agent G0 is (Ni&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N [(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.2(C.sub.18H.sub.37).sub.2, the molecular weight of which is 989.
(37) .sup.13CNMR, δ (ppm), 170-180 (d, C═O), 52-60 (quint, C—Si), 45-51 (d, CH.sub.3), 31-40 (d, C—N), 10-20 (quart, CH.sub.2). FTIR(KBr) ν (cm.sup.−1), 2980 (ν.sub.CH3), 2940, 2870, 1467 (ν.sub.CH2), 1644 (ν.sub.C═O), 1560 (ν-.sub.N—H), 1350(ν.sub.C—N), 1275 (ν.sub.si-C), 1116 (), 1080 (ν.sub.si-O) 403(ν.sub.Ni—O).
(38) The first to tenth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compounds (G1-10, n=1-10, m=12) were obtained successively by means of repetition of steps (3) and (4).
(39) Gel permeation chromatography was used to analyze the first to tenth generation PAMAM magnetic nano anti-wear agents. The first generation PAMAM magnetic nano anti-wear agent (m=18) has a molecular formula of (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.3[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.6(C.sub.18H.sub.37).sub.4, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 1883, and the distribution coefficient was 1.02.
(40) The second generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=18) has a molecular formula of (Ni&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.7[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.14(C.sub.18H.sub.37).sub.8, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 3830, and the distribution coefficient was 1.05.
(41) The third generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=18) has a molecular formula of (Ni&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.15[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.30(C.sub.18H.sub.37).sub.16, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 7411, and the distribution coefficient was 1.09.
(42) The fourth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=18) has a molecular formula of (Ni&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.31[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.62(C.sub.18H.sub.37).sub.32, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 15565, and the distribution coefficient was 1.15.
(43) The fifth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=18) has a molecular formula of (Ni&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.63[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.26(C.sub.18H.sub.37).sub.64, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 27266, and the distribution coefficient was 1.19.
(44) The sixth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=18) has a molecular formula of (Ni&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.127[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.254(C.sub.18H.sub.37).sub.128, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 56590, and the distribution coefficient was 1.22.
(45) The seventh generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=18) has a molecular formula of (Ni&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.255[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.510(C.sub.18H.sub.37).sub.256, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 114575, and the distribution coefficient was 1.29.
(46) The eighth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=18) has a molecular formula of (Ni&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.511[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NM].sub.1022(C.sub.18H.sub.37).sub.512, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 226895, and the distribution coefficient was 1.33.
(47) The ninth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=18) has a molecular formula of (Ni&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.1023[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.2046(C.sub.18H.sub.37).sub.1024, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 456214, and the distribution coefficient was 1.39.
(48) The tenth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (m=18) has a molecular formula of (Ni&SiO.sub.2)Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3N.sub.2047[(CH.sub.2).sub.2CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.2NH].sub.4094(C.sub.18H.sub.37).sub.2048, of which the number-average molar mass was actually tested to be 900771, and the distribution coefficient was 1.45.
EXAMPLE 3
(49) A fourth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=4, m=15) with Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a gasoline engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent. According to the formula as shown in Table 1, the fourth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=4, m=15) as a fourth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent A (2.58 ppm of Fe and 0.05 ppm of Si), an organic molybdenum anti-wear agent (e.g., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate) that was commonly available in the market, were respectively used to formulate gasoline engine lubricating oil SM 5W-30.
(50) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Gasoline engine lubricating oil SM 5W-30 Fourth generation Anti-wear magnetic agent Base Base Base Functional nano (molybdenum oil oil oil additive anti-wear dialkyldithio- 100N 150N PAO-4 A* agent A phosphate) 3-1 35 45 5 15 200 ppm — wt % 3-2 35 45 5 15 — 200 ppm wt % Note: A* contains an anti-wear additive, which represents zinc dialkyldithiophosphate(ZnDDP).
(51) The analysis results of gasoline engine lubricating oil SM 5W-30 are shown as follows.
(52) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Analysis results of gasoline engine lubricating oil SM 5W-30 Analysis item 3-1 3-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 9.98 10.02 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,900 5,890 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 26,000 26,010 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Moisture (volume), % Trace Trace GB/T 260 Flash point (opening), ° C. 220 220 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.55 3.54 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 106 s−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. 9.52 9.54 SH/T 0103 after shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Friction coefficient 0.07 0.11 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(53) The analysis data in Table 2 show that the friction coefficient of the oil product SM 5W-30 formulated with the fourth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent A of the present disclosure is 0.07, while the friction coefficient of the oil product SM 5W-30 formulated with molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate as the anti-wear agent is 0.11. As can be seen, the fourth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=4, m=15) is a rather excellent magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
EXAMPLE 4
(54) A fourth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=4, m=18) which has γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a diesel engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(55) According to the formula as shown in Table 3, diesel engine lubricating oil CJ-4 5W-40 was formulated with the fourth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=4, m=18) as a fourth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent B (429 ppm of Fe and 9.1 ppm of Si).
(56) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Formula for diesel engine lubricating oil CJ-4 5W-40 Fourth generation Base oil Base oil Base oil Functional magnetic nano 100 N 150 N PAO-4 additive B* anti-wear agent B 4-1 10 57 20 13 — wt % 4-2 10 52 20 13 5 wt % Note: B* contains no anti-wear additive therein.
(57) The analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CJ 5W-40 are shown as follows.
(58) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CJ 5W-40 Analysis item 4-1 4-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 14.85 14.86 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,900 5,910 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 29,010 29,030 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Flash point (opening), ° C. 230 230 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.97 3.95 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. 14.16 14.15 SH/T 0103 after shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Base number (based on KOH), 10.02 10.05 SH/T 0251 mg/g Friction coefficient 1.98 0.09 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(59) The above table indicates an instable curve of friction coefficient when an SRV was used to test anti-wear performance of formulation I. However, after the fourth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent B of the present example was added, the friction coefficient of the diesel engine lubricating oil CJ-4 5W-40 became stable to be only 0.09. As can be concluded, the fourth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=4, m=18) has superior anti-wear performance, and is therefore a rather excellent anti-wear additive.
EXAMPLE 5
(60) A fourth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=4, m=18) which has γ-Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a diesel engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(61) According to the formula as shown in Table 5, diesel engine lubricating oil CJ-4 5W-40 was formulated with the fourth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=4, m=18) as a fourth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent C (259 ppm of Fe and 5.41 ppm of Si).
(62) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Formula for diesel engine lubricating oil CJ-4 5W-40 Base oil Base oil Base oil Functional Magnetic nano 100 N 150 N PAO-4 additive C* anti-wear agent C 5-1 10 57 20 13 — wt % 5-2 10 55 20 13 2 wt % Note: C* contains no anti-wear additive therein.
(63) The analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CJ-4 5W-40 are shown as follows.
(64) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CJ-4 5W-40 Analysis item 5-1 5-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 14.85 14.86 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,900 5,910 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 29,010 29,030 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Flash point (opening), ° C. 230 230 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.97 3.95 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. 14.16 14.15 SH/T 0103 after shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Base number (based on KOH), 10.02 10.05 SH/T 0251 mg/g Friction coefficient 1.98 0.09 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(65) The above table indicates an instable curve of friction coefficient when the SRV was used to test anti-wear performance of formulation I. However, after the fourth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent C of the present example was added, the friction coefficient of diesel engine lubricating oil CJ-4 5W-40 became stable to be only 0.09. As can be concluded, the fourth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=4, m=18) has superior anti-wear performance, and is therefore a rather excellent anti-wear additive.
EXAMPLE 6
(66) A fifth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=5, m=12) which has Ni&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a diesel engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(67) According to the formula as shown in Table 7, diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 was formulated with the fifth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=5, m=12) as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent D (108 ppm of Ni and 20.1 ppm of Si).
(68) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Formula for diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 Base oil Base oil Base oil Functional Magnetic nano 100 N 150 N PAO-4 additive D* anti-wear agent D 6-1 17 40 30 13 — wt % 6-2 17 40 25 13 5 wt % Note: D* contains no anti-wear additive therein.
(69) The analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 are shown as follows.
(70) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 Analysis item 6-1 6-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 9.88 9.86 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,205 5,200 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 21,010 21,200 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Flash point (opening), ° C. 230 230 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.65 3.63 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. after 9.65 9.64 SH/T 0103 shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Base number (based on KOH), 10.25 10.23 SH/T 0251 mg/g Friction coefficient 1.85 0.08 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(71) The above table indicates an instable curve of friction coefficient when the SRV was used to test anti-wear performance of formulation I. However, after the fifth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent D of the present example was added, the friction coefficient of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 became stable to be only 0.08. As can be concluded, the fifth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=5, m=12) has superior anti-wear performance, and is therefore a rather excellent anti-wear additive.
EXAMPLE 7
(72) A fifth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=5, m=5) which has Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a diesel engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(73) According to the formula as shown in Table 9, diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 was formulated with the fifth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=5, m=5) as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent E (68 ppm of Fe and 1.45 ppm of Si).
(74) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Formula for diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 Base oil Base oil Base oil Functional Magnetic nano 100N 150N PAO-4 additive E* anti-wear agent E 7-1 wt % 17 40 30 13 — 7-2 wt % 17 40 29 13 1 Note: E* contains no anti-wear additive therein.
(75) The analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 are shown as follows.
(76) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 Analysis item 7-1 7-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 9.88 9.86 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,205 5,200 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 21,010 21,200 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Flash point (opening), ° C. 230 230 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.65 3.63 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. 9.65 9.64 SH/T 0103 after shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Base number (based on KOH), 10.25 10.23 SH/T 0251 mg/g Friction coefficient 1.87 0.08 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(77) The above table indicates an instable curve of friction coefficient when the SRV was used to test anti-wear performance of formulation I. However, after the fifth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent E of the present example was added, the friction coefficient of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 became stable to be only 0.08. As can be concluded, the fifth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=5, m=5) has superior anti-wear performance, and is therefore a rather excellent anti-wear additive.
EXAMPLE 8
(78) A sixth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=5, m=12) which has Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a diesel engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(79) According to the formula as shown in Table 9, diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 was formulated with the sixth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=6, m=12) as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent F (73 ppm of Fe and 1.52 ppm of Si).
(80) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Formula for diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 Base oil Base oil Base oil Functional Magnetic nano 100 N 150 N PAO-4 additive F* anti-wear agent F 8-1 17 40 30 13 — wt % 8-2 17 40 28 13 2 wt % Note: F* contains no anti-wear additive therein.
(81) The analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 are shown as follows.
(82) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 Analysis item 8-1 8-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 9.88 9.86 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,205 5,200 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 21,010 21,200 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Flash point (opening), ° C. 230 230 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.65 3.63 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. after 9.65 9.64 SH/T 0103 shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Base number (based on KOH), 10.25 10.23 SH/T 0251 mg/g Friction coefficient 1.92 0.07 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(83) The above table indicates an instable curve of friction coefficient when the SRV was used to test anti-wear performance of formulation I. However, after the sixth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent F of the present example was added, the friction coefficient of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 became stable to be only 0.07. As can be concluded, the sixth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=6, m=12) has superior anti-wear performance, and is therefore a rather excellent anti-wear additive.
EXAMPLE 9
(84) A sixth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=6, m=3) which has γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a diesel engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(85) According to the formula as shown in Table 13, diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 was formulated with the sixth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=6, m=3) as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent H (49 ppm of Fe and 1.08 ppm of Si).
(86) TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Formula for diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 Base oil Base oil Base oil Functional Magnetic nano 100 N 150 N PAO-4 additive M* anti-wear agent H 9-1 17 40 30 13 — wt % 9-2 17 40 28 13 2 wt % Note: M* contains no anti-wear additive therein.
(87) The analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 are shown as follows.
(88) TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 Analysis item 9-1 9-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 9.88 9.86 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,205 5,200 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 21,010 21,200 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Flash point (opening), ° C. 230 230 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.65 3.63 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. 9.65 9.64 SH/T 0103 after shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Base number (based on KOH), 10.25 10.23 SH/T 0251 mg/g Friction coefficient 1.92 0.08 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(89) The above table indicates an instable curve of friction coefficient when the SRV was used to test anti-wear performance of formulation I. However, after the sixth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent H of the present example was added, the friction coefficient of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-30 became stable to be only 0.08. As can be concluded, the sixth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=6, m=3) has superior anti-wear performance, and is therefore a rather excellent anti-wear additive.
EXAMPLE 10
(90) A seventh generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=7, m=1) which has Fe.sub.2O.sub.3&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a diesel engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(91) According to the formula as shown in Table 15, diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-40 was formulated with the seventh generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=7, m=1) as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent J (50 ppm of Fe and 1.0 ppm of Si).
(92) TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Formula for diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-40 Base oil Base oil Base oil Functional Magnetic nano 100 N 150 N PAO-4 additive N* anti-wear agent J 10-1 20 57 10 13 — wt % 10-2 20 53 10 13 4 wt % Note: N* contains no anti-wear additive therein.
(93) The analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-40 are shown as follows.
(94) TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-40 Analysis item 10-1 10-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 14.23 14.25 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,705 5,700 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 31,015 31,000 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Flash point (opening), ° C. 225 225 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.85 3.87 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. after 14.02 14.00 SH/T 0103 shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Base number (based on KOH), 9.85 9.85 SH/T 0251 mg/g Friction coefficient 1.92 0.06 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(95) The above table indicates an instable curve of friction coefficient when the SRV was used to test anti-wear performance of formulation I. However, after the seventh generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent J of the present example was added, the friction coefficient of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 5W-40 became stable to be only 0.06. As can be concluded, the seventh generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=7, m=1) has superior anti-wear performance, and is therefore a rather excellent anti-wear additive.
EXAMPLE 11
(96) A seventh generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=7, m=12) which has Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a gasoline engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(97) According to the formula as shown in Table 17, gasoline engine lubricating oil SN/GF-5 0W-20 was formulated with the seventh generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=7, m=12) as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent K (28 ppm of Fe and 0.61 ppm of Si), and an organic molybdenum anti-wear agent (e.g., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate) that was commonly available in the market, respectively.
(98) TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Formula for gasoline engine lubricating oil SN/GF-5 0W-20 Base Base Magnetic Anti-wear agent oil oil Base nano (molybdenum 100 150 oil Functional anti-wear dialkyldithio- N N PAO-4 additive P* agent K phosphate) 11-1 55 15 18 10 2 — wt % 11-2 55 15 18 10 — 2 wt % Note: P* contains an anti-wear additive, which represents zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP).
(99) The analysis results of gasoline engine lubricating oil SN/GF-5 0W-20 are shown as follows.
(100) TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Analysis results of gasoline engine lubricating oil SN/GF-5 0W-20 Analysis item 11-1 11-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), mm.sup.2/s 8.025 8.015 GB/T 265 Low temperature (−30° C.) dynamic 5,700 5,695 GB/T 6538 viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) pumping 15,000 15,050 SH/T 0562 viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Moisture (volume) % Trace Trace GB/T 260 Flash point (opening), ° C. 228 228 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear viscosity 3.21 3.22 SH/T 0703 (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. after shearing 7.86 7.82 SH/T 0103 in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Friction coefficient 0.07 0.10 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(101) The analysis data in Table 18 show that the friction coefficient of the oil product SN/GF-5 0W-20 formulated with the seventh generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent K of the present disclosure is 0.07, while the friction coefficient of the oil product SN/GF-5 0W-20 formulated with molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate as the anti-wear agent is 0.10. As can be seen, the seventh generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=7, m=12) is a rather excellent magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
EXAMPLE 12
(102) An eighth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=7, m=8) which has Ni&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a gasoline engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(103) According to the formula as shown in Table 19, gasoline engine lubricating oil SN/GF-5 0W-30 was formulated with the eighth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=8, m=8) as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent L (0.31 ppm of Ni and 0.06 ppm of Si), and an organic molybdenum salt anti-wear agent (e.g., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate) that was commonly available in the market, respectively.
(104) TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Formula for gasoline engine lubricating oil SN/GF-5 0W-20 Anti-wear Magnetic agent Base Base Base Functional nano (molybdenum oil oil oil additive anti-wear dialkyldithio- 100N 150N PAO-4 Q agent L phosphate) 12-1 55 17.5 15 10 2.5 — wt % 12-2 55 17.5 15 10 — 2.5 wt % Note: Q contains an anti-wear additive, which represents zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP).
(105) The analysis results of gasoline engine lubricating oil SN/GF-5 0W-30 are shown as follows.
(106) TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Analysis results of gasoline engine lubricating oil SN/GF-5 0W-30 Analysis item 12-1 12-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 9.82 9.83 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,500 5,560 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 17,000 17,050 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Moisture (volume) % Trace Trace GB/T 260 Flash point (opening), ° C. 220 220 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.18 3.19 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. after 9.54 9.53 SH/T 0103 shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Friction coefficient 0.08 0.11 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(107) The analysis data in Table 20 show that the friction coefficient of the oil product SN/GF-5 0W-30 formulated with the eighth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent L of the present disclosure is 0.08, while the friction coefficient of the oil product SN/GF-5 0W-20 formulated with molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate as the anti-wear agent is 0.11. As can be seen, the eighth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=8, m=8) is a rather excellent magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
EXAMPLE 13
(108) A ninth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=9, m=5) which has Ni&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a diesel engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(109) According to the formula as shown in Table 21, diesel engine lubricating oil CI-4 10W-30 was formulated with the ninth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=9, m=5) as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent M (6.4 ppm of Ni and 1.2 ppm of Si), and an organic molybdenum salt anti-wear agent (e.g., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate) that was commonly available in the market, respectively.
(110) TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Formula for diesel engine lubricating oil CI-4 10W-30 Anti-wear Magnetic agent Base Base Base Functional nano (molybdenum oil oil oil additive anti-wear dialkyldithio- 100N 150N PAO-4 W* agent M phosphate) 13-1 45 30 10 10 5 — wt % 13-2 45 30 10 10 — 5 wt % Note: W* contains an anti-wear additive, which represents zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP).
(111) The analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CI-4 10W-30 are shown as follows.
(112) TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CI-4 10W-30 Analysis item 13-1 13-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 9.82 9.83 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,950 5,955 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 27,000 27,005 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Moisture (volume)% Trace Trace GB/T 260 Flash point (opening), ° C. 228 228 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.58 3.59 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. 9.52 9.51 SH/T 0103 after shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Friction coefficient 0.06 0.13 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(113) The analysis data in Table 22 show that the friction coefficient of the oil product CI-4 10W-30 formulated with the ninth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent of the present disclosure is 0.06, while the friction coefficient of the oil product CI-4 10W-30 formulated with molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate as the anti-wear agent is 0.13. As can be seen, the ninth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=9, m=5) is a rather excellent magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
EXAMPLE 14
(114) A tenth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=10, m=4) which has γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a diesel engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(115) According to the formula as shown in Table 23, diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 15W-40 was formulated with the tenth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=10, m=4) as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent N (7 ppm of Fe and 0.17 ppm of Si), and an organic molybdenum salt anti-wear agent (e.g., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate) that was commonly available in the market, respectively.
(116) TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Formula for diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 15W-40 Magnetic Anti-wear Func- nano agent Base Base Base tional anti- (molybdenum oil oil oil additive wear dialkyldithio- 100 N 150 N PAO-4 Y* agent N phosphate) 14-1 31 50 5 10 4 — wt % 14-2 31 50 5 10 — 4 wt % Note: Y* contains an anti-wear additive, which represents zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP).
(117) The analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 15W-40 are shown as follows.
(118) TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Analysis results of diesel engine lubricating oil CF-4 15W-40 Analysis item 14-1 14-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 14.85 14.83 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,870 5,875 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 37,005 37,000 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Moisture (volume)% Trace Trace GB/T 260 Flash point (opening), ° C. 230 230 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.88 3.89 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. after 14.05 14.06 SH/T 0103 shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Friction coefficient 0.09 0.13 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(119) The analysis data in Table 24 show that the friction coefficient of the oil product CF-4 15W-40 formulated with the tenth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent of the present disclosure is 0.09, while the friction coefficient of the oil product CF-4 15W-40 formulated with molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate as the anti-wear agent is 0.13. As can be seen, the tenth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=10, m=4) is a rather excellent magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
EXAMPLE 15
(120) A sixth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=6, m=12) which has Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a gasoline engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(121) According to the formula as shown in Table 25, gasoline engine lubricating oil SM 0W-30 was formulated with the sixth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=6, m=12) as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent P (0.3 ppm of Fe and 0.01 ppm of Si), and an organic molybdenum salt anti-wear agent (e.g., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate) that was commonly available in the market, respectively.
(122) TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Formula for gasoline engine lubricating oil SM 0W-30 Magnetic Anti-wear agent Base Base Base Functional nano (molybdenum oil oil oil additive anti-wear dialkyldithio- 100N 150N PAO-4 Z* agent P phosphate) 15-1 55 10 20 15 100 ppm — wt % 15-2 55 10 20 15 — 100 ppm wt % Note: Z* contains an anti-wear additive, which represents zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDDP).
(123) The analysis results of gasoline engine lubricating oil SM 0W-30 are shown as follows.
(124) TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Analysis results of gasoline engine lubricating oil SM 0W-30 Analysis item 15-1 15-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 9.952 9.948 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,500 5,560 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 16,000 16,030 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Moisture (volume)% Trace Trace GB/T 260 Flash point (opening), ° C. 228 228 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.25 3.23 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. 9.86 9.82 SH/T 0103 after shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Friction coefficient 0.06 0.12 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(125) The analysis data in Table 26 show that the friction coefficient of the oil product SM 0W-30 formulated with the sixth generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent of the present disclosure is 0.06, while the friction coefficient of the oil product SM 0W-30 formulated with molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate as the anti-wear agent is 0.12. As can be seen, the sixth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=6, m=12) is a rather excellent magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
EXAMPLE 16
(126) A third generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=3, m=17) which has γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a gasoline engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
(127) According to the formula as shown in Table 27, gasoline engine lubricating oil SN 5W-30 was formulated with the third generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=3, m=17) as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent Q (2.3 ppm of Fe and 0.05 ppm of Si), and an organic molybdenum salt anti-wear agent (e.g., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate) that was commonly available in the market, respectively.
(128) TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Formula for gasoline engine lubricating oil SN5W-30 Magnetic Anti-wear agent Base Base Base Functional nano (molybdenum oil oil oil additive anti-wear dialkyldithio- 100N 150N PAO-4 R* agent Q phosphate) 16-1 40 35 10 15 150 ppm — wt % 16-2 40 35 10 15 — 150 ppm wt % Note: R* contains an anti-wear additive, which represents zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDDP).
(129) The analysis results of gasoline engine lubricating oil SN5W-30 are shown as follows.
(130) TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 Analysis results of gasoline engine lubricating oil SN5W-30 Analysis item I II Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 10.02 10.03 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 5,760 5,780 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 16,500 16,040 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Moisture (volume)% Trace Trace GB/T 260 Flash point (opening), ° C. 225 225 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 3.85 3.82 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Dynamic viscosity at 100° C. after 9.72 9.71 SH/T 0103 shearing in a shear test of diesel nozzle, mm.sup.2/s Friction coefficient 0.08 0.12 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(131) The analysis data in Table 28 show that the friction coefficient of the oil product SN5W-30 formulated with the third generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent Q of the present disclosure is 0.08, while the friction coefficient of the oil product SN5W-30 formulated with molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate as the anti-wear agent is 0.12. As can be seen, the magnetic polyamidoamine compound (n=3, m=17) is a rather excellent magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
EXAMPLE 17
(132) A first generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound which has Fe.sub.3O.sub.4&SiO.sub.2 as its core was used in a gasoline engine lubricating oil as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent. According to the formula as shown in Table 29, gasoline engine lubricating oil SM 5W-20 was formulated with the first generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound as a magnetic nano anti-wear agent O (10 ppm of Fe and 0.2 ppm of Si), and an organic molybdenum salt anti-wear agent (e.g., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate) that was commonly available in the market, respectively.
(133) TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 Formula for gasoline engine lubricating oil SM 5W-20 Base Base Base Functional First generation Anti-wear agent oil oil oil additive magnetic nano (molybdenum 100N 150N PAO-4 O* anti-wear agent A dialkyldithiophosphate) 17-1 wt % 37 15 33 15 100 ppm — 17-2 wt % 37 15 33 15 — 100 ppm Note: O* contains an anti-wear additive, which represents zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDDP).
(134) The analysis results of gasoline engine lubricating oil SM 5W-20 are shown as follows.
(135) TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Analysis results of gasoline engine lubricating oil SM 5W-20 Analysis item 17-1 17-2 Test method Dynamic viscosity (100° C.), 6.98 7.02 GB/T 265 mm.sup.2/s Low temperature (−30° C.) 4,900 4,780 GB/T 6538 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s Low temperature (−35° C.) 26,000 26,010 SH/T 0562 pumping viscosity in the case of no yield stress, mPa .Math. s Moisture (volume)% Trace Trace GB/T 260 Flash point (opening), ° C. 220 220 GB/T 3536 High temperature high shear 2.65 3.63 SH/T 0703 viscosity (150° C., 10.sup.6 s.sup.−1), mPa .Math. s Friction coefficient 0.08 0.11 M* Note: M* pattern of friction pair: ball and disk; test conditions: 50 Hz, 200 g, and 80° C.
(136) The analysis data in Table 30 show that the friction coefficient of the oil product SM 5W-20 formulated with the first generation magnetic nano anti-wear agent O of the present disclosure is 0.08, while the friction coefficient of the oil product SM 5W-20 formulated with molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate as the anti-wear agent is 0.11. As can be seen, the first generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound is a rather excellent magnetic nano anti-wear agent.
EXAMPLE 18
(137) A fifth generation magnetic polyamidoamine compound which has γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3&SiO.sub.2 as its core was dissolved into a 100 N base oil and was tested for its anti-wear performance with an SRV. The results thereof were shown in
(138) While the present disclosure has been described with general explanations and specific examples, these examples can be modified or improved based on the present disclosure, which is rather obvious for those skilled in the art. Therefore, modification or improvement performed within the spirit of the present disclosure fall within the scope of the present disclosure.