Method for manufacturing novel hollow particles

Abstract

A method for manufacturing a hollow particle is provided. The method comprises the steps of (a) providing a hollow particulate; (b) soaking the hollow particulate in an amine solution to form amine groups on the surface of the hollow particulate; (c) adding a polypeptide, and the polypeptide is linked to the amine groups on the surface of the hollow particulate; and (d) adding a target molecule, and the target molecule is bound to the amine group which are still not bound.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a hollow particle comprises: (1) providing a hollow particulate; (2) soaking the hollow particulate in an amine solution to form amine groups on the surface of the hollow particulate; (3) adding a polypeptide, and the polypeptide is linked to the amine groups on the surface of the hollow particulate; and (4) adding a target molecule, and the target molecule is bound to the amine group which is still not bound to the polypeptide; wherein the hollow particulate is formed by homogenizing the hollow particulate at a speed; wherein the speed is lower than 1000 rpm; wherein the concentration of the target molecule of the step (4) is between 0.25˜0.38 wt %.

2. The method according of claim 1, wherein the step (1) of the hollow particulate comprises: (a) providing a biodegradable material, wherein the biodegradable material dissolved in methylene chloride solution is mixed with ddH.sub.2O, and then homogeneous mixed to conduct the first emulsification; (b) providing a PVA solution and the concentration of the PVA solution is greater than 0.5% v/v; (c) cooling the PVA solution with the temperature of 10˜15° C., then stirring the PVA solution with the speed below the 1000 rpm; (d) dropping slowly of the biodegradable material into the PVA solution and causing the second emulsification and forming the hollow particulate; and (e) lyophilizing the hollow particulate.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the biodegradable material is select from the group consist of the polylactic acid, poly(butylene succinate), poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalamide carboxylate), polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), polycaprolactone, polyvinyl alcohol, and the mixtures thereof.

4. The method according of claim 2, wherein the PVA solution of the step (b) concentration is 1% v/v.

5. The method according of claim 1, wherein the amine solution of the step (2) is selected from the group consisting of the Hexamethylene diamine, glycine, adipicdihydrazide (ADH), PEG amination solution, NH2-PEG-NHS and NH2-PEG-NH2's DMSO solution.

6. The method according of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide of the step (3) is pretreated with an active buffer to activate a carboxyl group.

7. The method according of claim 6, wherein the active buffer includes MES buffers, EDC solution or NHS solution.

8. The method according of claim 6, wherein the pH value of the active buffer is between 5˜6.

9. The method according of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide of the step (3) is select from the group consist of the IKVAV, RGD, YIGSR, REDV, DGEA, VGVAPG, GRGDS, LDV, RGDV, PDSGR, RYWLPR, LGTIPG, LAG, RGDS, RGDF, HHLGGALQAGDV, VTCG, SDGD, GREDVY, GRGDY, GRGDSP, VAPG, GGGGRGDSP, GGGGRGDY, FTLCFD, Poly-Lysine and MAX-1; wherein A means (Alanine), F means (Phenylalanine), C means (Cysteine), U means (Selenocysteine), D means (Aspartic acid/Aspartate), N means (Asparagine), E means (Glutamic acid/Glutamate), Q means (Glutamine), G means (Glycine), H means (Histidine), L means (Leucine), I means (Isoleucine), K means (Lysine), O means (Pyrrolysine), M means (Methionine), P means (Proline), R means (Arginine), S means (Serine), T means (Threonine), V means (Valine), W means (Tryptophan), and Y means (Tyrosine).

10. The method according of claim 1, wherein the target molecule of the step (4) is selected from the group consisting of the Hyaluronic acid, Hyaluronic acid oxidation, Colleagen, Glucocorticoid, Galectin and osteopontin.

11. The method according of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the weight ratio of the target molecule and the hollow particulate is between 1:1.5 to 1:1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart of the novel method for manufacturing novel hollow particles in this invention.

(2) FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of the novel hollow particles in this invention.

(3) FIG. 3a-3e shows the PLGA particulate, PLGA-NH2 particulate, PLGA-NH2-IKVAV, PLGA-NH2-IKVAV-oHA, the outside and inside view of the solid PLGA-IKVAV particulate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(4) The FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 illustrate the method for manufacturing a hollow particle. The embodiments and drawings provided here show different aspects of the present invention. However, the present invention is limited to neither the embodiments nor the drawings thereof.

(5) The first invention is a method for manufacturing a hollow particle, the methods comprises the following steps: (1) providing a hollow particulate; (2) soaking the hollow particulate in an amine solution to form amine groups on the surface of the hollow particulate; (3) adding a polypeptide, and the polypeptide is link to the amine groups on the surface of the hollow particulate; and (4) adding a target molecule, and the target molecule is bound to the amine group which are still not bound.

(6) According to the FIG. 1, the step S101, provide a hollow particle. This hollow particle is a kind of particulate, and the material, sharp and size is not limit. The material of the hollow particle (FIG. 2a) is biodegradable. The hollow particle can use for cell culture and cell deliver.

(7) The material of the hollow particle include but not limit to the biostability polymer, fullerene, lipid or thereof. Biostability polymer means the biodegradable means the material polymer well not degrade in vivo. The biodegradable means the material well degrade in vivo. When the biodegradable material stay in the body fluids (blood), the material will be absorbed and/or removed gradually by human.

(8) When the material of the hollow particle is biodegradable. The biodegradable material aliphatic polyester-aliphatic copolymer lipids, aliphatic, aromatic co-polyester lipids. Prefer biodegradable polymer is select from the group consist of the polylactic acid (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalamide carboxylate) (PBAT), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), and the mixtures thereof.

(9) In one embodiment, the PLGA hollow particle is product by two step emulsion process. The first emulsion process is put the PLGA into the CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 solution and get the PLGA emulsion formula. Providing a PVA solution and the better concentration of the PVA solution is between 0.5% v/v ˜1% v/v. Then cooling the PVA solution with the temperature of 10˜15° C., the better temperature is 10° C. Stirring the PVA solution with the speed below the 1000 rpm, the better speed is between 500 rpm˜1000 rpm. In order to decrease the pore size of the hollow particulate, the better manufacturing condition of the concentration of the PVA solution is between 0.5% v/v ˜1% v/v and the PVA solution temperature is set between 10˜20° C. While the stirring speed is set among 500 rpm, then hollow particle's pore size is among 120 μm. If the stirring speed is set to higher, then the pore size of the hollow particle will become to smaller.

(10) In the second emulsion process, the PLGA slowly drop, by dropper, into the 1% v/v PVA solution with stirring speed of 500 rpm to form the emulsion formula PLGA particulate with sphere form and volatilize the CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2.

(11) After that, remove the solution and wash the hollow PLGA particulate with RO water three times. Lyophilizing the hollow PLGA particulate for three days to get the solid hollow PLGA particulate. Then filter the solid hollow PLGA particulate to select 100˜200 μm hollow PLGA particulate.

(12) Soaking the hollow PLGA particulate into the amine solution (S103), to form amine groups on the surface of the hollow particulate. (FIG. 2b) The amine solution is select from the group consist of the Hexamethylene diamine, glycine, adipic dihydrazide (ADH), PEG, NH2-PEG-NHS and NH2-PEG-NH2's DMSO solution. The technical person could adjust the soak condition accord to the selected amine solution.

(13) In one embodiment, soaking the hollow PLGA particulate (S101) in 10% 1,6-diamine isopropanol solution 3 hours to form amine groups (NH.sub.2) on the surface of the hollow PLGA particulate (PLGA-NH.sub.2). Centrifuging the solution to obtain the hollow PLGA-NH.sub.2 particulate. Washing the hollow PLGA-NH.sub.2 particulate with RO water three times. Lyophilizing the hollow PLGA-NH.sub.2 particulate to get the solid hollow PLGA-NH.sub.2 particulate.

(14) The polypeptide is pretreat with an active buffer to activing the carboxyl. The active buffer includes but not limit to the MES buffers, EDC solution or NHS solution.

(15) Adding the polypeptide to the hollow PLGA-NH.sub.2 particulate, (S105) and the polypeptide is link to the amine groups (NH.sub.2) on the surface of the hollow PLGA-NH.sub.2 particulate. (FIG. 2c) The pH value of the reactive buffer is between 2˜10. Prefer is pH 3˜9 and the best is 4˜8. The technical person could adjust the pH value accord to the selected reactive buffer. The concentration of the polypeptide is between 0.01 wt %˜50 wt %. Prefer is between 1 wt %˜40 wt % and best is between 10 wt %˜30 wt %

(16) The poly-peptide of this invention is means 2 or more than 2 poly-peptide or protein. The poly-peptide is a short-chain peptide, a oligo-peptide or a oligomer. Normally the length of the poly-peptide is between 2 to 20 amino acids, furthermore the better length of the poly-peptide is between 2 to 10 amino acids. The example of the poly-peptide in this invention is include but not limit to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 amino acids. In one embodiments, the poly-peptide include IKVAV, RGD, YIGSR, REDV, DGEA, VGVAPG, GRGDS, LDV, RGDV, PDSGR, RYWLPR, LGTIPG, LAG, RGDS, RGDF, HHLGGALQAGDV, VTCG, SDGD, GREDVY GRGDY, GRGDSP, VAPG, GGGGRGDSP, GGGGRGDY, FTLCFD, Poly-Lysine or MAX-1. The prefer embodiment is IKVAV.

(17) In one embodiment (S103), shows the amine buffer prepare step. The MES buffer (PH 5.5) is made by add the concentration of the ratio of 1:1 of N, N-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide (EDC) to hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Then add the PLGA-NH.sub.2 particulate to the MES buffer to active the amine.

(18) Then add the poly-peptide IKVAV into the MES buffer (S105). The concentration ratio of the IKVAV:EDC:NHS is among 5:5:1. After reactive for several times the PLGA-NH.sub.2-IKVAV particulate is formed.

(19) In one embodiment (S107), add the target molecule into the reactive MES buffer (S105) and the target molecule will link to the (PLGA-NH.sub.2—) particulate which not cross-link to IKVAV. (FIG. 2d)

(20) The target molecule can specific link to designed target unit, for example peptide, protein, nucleic acid polymers, aptamers or small molecule compound. The designed target unit is a tissue, cells, cellular structures (e.g., organelles), proteins, peptide, Polysaccharides or nucleic acid polymers. The aptamers of this invention means a random fragment molecule which selected by affinity level of the target unit. (Reference Cox and Ellington, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 9:2525-2531 (2001); Lee et al, Nuc. Acids Res. 32:D95-D100 (2004)). The aptamers are select but not limit DNA, RNA, peptide, protein, nucleic acid, small molecule compound. Micro-elements, inorganic compounds, cells and all organisms.

(21) The target molecule is select from the group consist of the Hyaluronic acid, Hyaluronic acid oxidation, Colleagen, Glucocorticoid, Galectin and osteopontin.

(22) In one embodiment, the target molecule is hyaluronic acid (HA). The hyaluronic acid can specific combine with liver cell. The target molecule can process amine reaction automatic. For example, the target molecule hyaluronic acid oxidation (oHA) cross-link to the hollow PLGA-NH.sub.2 particulate through imine bond.

(23) In one embodiment, dissolve the hyaluronic acid oxidation (oHA) in the water and add the alcohol slowly. Then add the PLGA-NH.sub.2-IKVAV particulate (S105) into the hyaluronic acid oxidation (oHA) solution and sonicate the solution to form the hollow particles. The aldehyde group (—CHO) of the hyaluronic acid oxidation (oHA) can cross-link to the amine group (—NH) of the PLGA-NH.sub.2-IKVAV to form the PLGA-NH.sub.2-IKVAV-oHA hollow particles through the imine bond. Then wash the hollow particles with RO water twice, and soak the hollow particles in the alcohol. Furthermore, lyophilize the hollow particles to get the solid hollow particles.

(24) The hollow particles of this invention comprise a 3D hollow structure. The hollow structure can culture and/or deliver the cell. The 3D hollow structure can mimic the body in vivo micro situation and provide the culture space. This 3D hollow structure particles can reduce the cell culture cost and increase the culture yield.

(25) Furthermore, the hollow particles of this invention include a target molecule. The target molecule can take the hollow particles specific link to designed target unit, for example a tissue, cells, cellular structures (e.g., organelles), proteins, peptide, polysaccharides or nucleic acid polymers.

(26) In summary, the hollow particles of this invention have more cell culture capacity than the traditional deliver. More particularly, the designed target molecule of the hollow particles can bring the hollow particles specific target link to the target unit. This technical can be powerful use in the cell therapy.

(27) Embodiment 1

(28) 1.1 Manufacture of the Hollow Particles (Example 1)

(29) PLGA Particulate Manufacture Process

(30) The PLGA particulate were manufactured by double emulsion method. Briefly, 0.9 g of PLGA dissolved in 40 ml of methylene chloride (2.25%) was mixed with 20 ml of ddH.sub.2O, and then homogeneous mixed to conduct the first emulsification. 2.5 g of PVA and 250 ml of ddH.sub.2O were mixed to prepare 1% PVA solution. 1% PVA solution was cooled to 10° C., then mixed at 500 rpm. The product of the first emulsification was slowly dropped in the stirred 1% PVA solution by a dropper. After removal of the solution, the product was washed three times with ddH.sub.2O, and free-dried for three days to obtain PLGA particulate. The PLGA particulate were screened through screen mesh to obtain the PLGA particulate with a diameter of 100 to 200 μm. Referring to FIG. 3a, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation indicates that PLGA particulate inside had porous structures.

(31) 1.2 Formation of Amino Groups on PLGA Particulate

(32) PLGA particulate were soaked in 10% 1,6-hexanediamine/isopropanol solutions for 3 hours, and then centrifuged to obtain PLGA-NH.sub.2 particulate. The supernatant was retained for Nihydrin assay described in Example 2 to detect the linkage of amino groups. The particulate were washed three times with ddH.sub.2O. Amino groups were formed on the surface of PLGA particulate to become PLGA-NH.sub.2 particulate. Referring to FIG. 3b, the surface of PLGA-NH.sub.2 was rough.

(33) 1.3 Grafting of PLGA-IKVAV

(34) 0.1 M of MES buffer solution (pH 5.5) was prepared. N,N-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide (EDC) and hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were added in a ration of 1:1, and then IKVAV polypeptide was added to activate carboxyl groups for two hours. The ration of IKVAV: EDC: NHS was 5:5:1. The PLGA-NH.sub.2 was added for the grafting reaction to occur. The concentration of IKVAV was 14 wt % in the solution. After 24 hours, the PLGA-NH2-IKVAV particulate were formed. The supernatant was retained for TNBS assay described in Example 3 to detect the Grafting of IKAVA. Referring to FIG. 3c, IKVAV was covered on the surface of PLGA-NH.sub.2, and the surface of PLGA-NH.sub.2 was smooth.

(35) 1.4 Grafting of PLGA-oHA

(36) Finally, 150 mg of hyaluronic acid (oHA) dissolved in ddH.sub.2O was slowly mixed with 99.5% of ethanol. 150 mg of PLGA-NH.sub.2-IKVAV particulate were added and then mixed at 150 rpm for 24 hours at pH11. The supernatant was retained for TNBS assay to detect the grafting of oHA. The particulate were washed two times with ddH.sub.2O, soaked in 30% and 95% ethanol for 10 minutes, respectively, and then freeze-dried. Because the aldehyde groups of oHA were reacted with the amine groups of the particulate to form imine bonds, PLGA-NH.sub.2-IKVAV-oHA particles were produced, as shown in FIG. 3d.

(37) Embodiment 2

(38) Manufacture of the Hollow Particles (Test 1)

(39) PLGA Particle Manufacture Process (Test 1)

(40) The concentration of the compared PVA solution is 0.5%, The speed of the homogenizer increased to 1000 rpm, and the second emulsification is process without drop. The result is compare with the example 1.

(41) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Compare the test 1 with the example 1 Condition Result Example 1 1% PVA solution Surface porous size of PLGA particulate is smaller Test 1 0.5% PVA solution Surface porous size of PLGA particulate is bigger Example 1 PVA solution in low Surface porous size of PLGA temperature particulate is smaller Test 1 PVA solution in room Surface porous size of PLGA temperature particulate is bigger Example 1 Homogenizer speed is Size of the PLGA particulate is 500 rpm among 120 μm Test 1 Homogenizer speed is Size of the PLGA particulate is 1000 rpm <100 μm Example 1 Drop the PLGA emulsion Form sphere product easily formula slowly into PVA solution Test 1 Emulsification directly Form sphere product hardly

(42) PLGA Particle Manufacture Process (Test 2)

(43) PLGA-oHA

(44) The condition of the test 2 PLGA particle is different from the example 1. The oxide-HA concentration is 300 mg, and PLGA-NH2-IKVAV particulate is 300 mg, and the sonication speed is set to 180 rpm. (Table 2)

(45) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Compare of the test 2 with the example 1 Condition Result Example 1 oHA 150 mg cross-link hardly Test 2 oHA 300 mg cross-link easily Example 1 PLGA-NH2-IKVAV cross-link hardly particulate 150 mg Test 2 PLGA-NH2-IKVAV cross-link easily particulate 300 mg Example 1 sonication speed 150 rpm cross-link hardly Test 2 sonication speed 180 rpm cross-link easily

(46) Although the present invention has been described in terms of specific exemplary embodiments and examples, it will be appreciated that the embodiments disclosed herein are for illustrative purposes only and various modifications and alterations might be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following.