DEVICE AND METHOD FOR LOADING A SEA CONTAINER WITH AN ELONGATED HEAVY PRODUCT OR A ROW OF HEAVY PRODUCTS

Abstract

Device (1) for loading a sea container (51) with an elongated heavy product or a row of heavy products via an open front side of the sea container. The device comprises a vehicle comprising a frame (3) and further comprises an engaging unit (11) provided with engaging elements, and moving means for moving the engaging unit up and down relative to the frame. The engaging unit comprises a subframe which is provided with an elongated lifting arm (12) which extends at least substantially horizontally and which has a free end which is oriented in the direction of movement, on the underside of which lifting arm a number of engaging elements are provided over at least part of the length of the lifting arm in at least one row extending in the longitudinal direction of the lifting arm. The invention further provides a method for loading a sea container with an elongated heavy product or a row of heavy products via an open front side of the sea container, using a device according to the invention, as well as a method for unloading a sea container.

Claims

1-35. (canceled)

36. A device for loading a sea container with an elongated heavy product or a row of heavy products via an open front side of the sea container, comprising: a vehicle movable in a direction of movement and comprising a frame, at least part of the frame having a substantially upside-down U-shaped cross-section viewed in the direction of movement, and in part formed by at least two opposite upright leg members of the frame; an engaging unit having engaging elements for engaging an upper side of the product or the row of products, the engaging unit including a subframe having an elongated lifting arm that extends at least substantially horizontally and which has a free end oriented in the direction of movement; moving means for moving the engaging unit up or down between the two upright leg members relative to the frame; and a plurality of engaging elements provided on an underside of the lifting arm over at least part of a length of the lifting arm in at least one row extending in a longitudinal direction of the lifting arm; wherein the engaging unit further comprises an elongated basic arm that extends at least substantially horizontally and above the lifting arm; and wherein the basic arm and the lifting arm are interconnected at such a longitudinal position of the lifting arm that the plurality of engaging elements are provided between the longitudinal position and the free end of the lifting arm.

37. The device according to claim 36, wherein, viewed in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the direction of movement, the basic arm, the lifting aim and a connecting part therebetween together at least substantially define a C-shape.

38. The device according to claim 36, wherein the lifting arm is configured to pivot relative to the frame about a horizontal pivot pin that extends perpendicular to the direction of movement.

39. The device according to claim 38, wherein the basic arm and the lifting aim are pivotally interconnected about the pivot pin.

40. The device according to claim 39, wherein the lifting arm extends beyond the pivot pin, viewed from the free end of the lifting arm, and the engaging unit comprises an actuator that acts between a part of the lifting arm that extends beyond the pivot pin and the basic arm for pivoting the lifting arm about the pivot pin relative to the basic arm.

41. The device according to claim 36, wherein the engaging elements are arranged in a regular pattern.

42. The device according to claim 36, wherein the two upright leg members comprise guide elements, the subframe comprises guide members, and the guide elements and the guide members are configured for guiding cooperation during the up or down movement of the engaging unit.

43. The device according to claim 36, wherein the plurality of engaging elements are suction elements configured to engage the heavy product or the row of heavy products by way of vacuum.

44. The device according to claim 43, wherein the suction elements are suspended from flexible elongated hauling elements suspended from the lifting arm.

45. The device according to claim 43, wherein the suction elements are connected to the lifting arm via spring elements.

46. The device according to claim 36, wherein the engaging elements comprise hook elements, clamping elements or magnets.

47. A method for loading a sea container with an elongated heavy product or a row of heavy products via an open front side of the sea container using a device comprising a movable vehicle, a frame having two upright leg members, an engaging unit having engaging elements and a subframe having an elongated lifting arm with a free end, means for moving the engaging unit up or down between the two leg members relative to the frame, and a plurality of engaging elements on an underside of the lifting arm, the engaging unit further including an elongated basic arm that extends above the lifting arm, the basic arm and the lifting arm interconnected at a longitudinal position of the lifting arm such that the plurality of engaging elements are provided between the longitudinal position and the free end of the lifting arm, the method comprising the steps of: positioning the elongated heavy product or the row of heavy products and the engaging elements such that at least some of the engaging elements are located directly above the heavy product or the row of heavy products; engaging the engaging elements with the elongated heavy product or the row of heavy products; lifting the engaging elements such that the lifting arm, the engaging elements and the elongated heavy product engaged by the engaging elements or the row of heavy products engaged by the engaging elements extend within a height of the sea container; moving the movable vehicle in a first direction of movement in a longitudinal direction of the sea container with the free end of the lifting arm directed toward the opening in the sea container such that the lifting arm, the engaging elements, and the elongated heavy product or the row of heavy products are moved through the opening into the sea container at least until the elongated heavy product or the row of heavy products is located entirely within the sea container; lowering the engaging elements until the elongated heavy product engaged by the engaging elements or the row of heavy products engaged by the engaging element is supported on a supporting surface in the sea container; releasing the engagement by the engaging elements of the heavy product or the row of heavy products; and moving the vehicle in a second direction of movement opposite the first direction of movement in the longitudinal direction of the sea container at least until the lifting arm extends completely outside the sea container.

48. The method according to claim 47, further comprising an intermediate step of lowering the engaging elements to bring the heavy product or the row of heavy products within reach of the engaging elements.

49. The method according to claim 47, further comprising the step of moving the engaging unit down by means of the moving means until the engaging means are able to engage the elongated heavy product or the row of heavy products.

50. The method according to claim 47, further comprising the step of moving the movable vehicle such that the heavy product or the row of heavy products is positioned between the two upright leg members.

51. The method according to claim 47, wherein the engaging elements engage the elongated heavy product or the row of heavy products at an upper side thereof.

52. The method according to claim 47, further comprising the step of moving the movable vehicle such that the sea container is positioned between the two upright leg members.

53. The method according to claim 47, wherein the basic arm extends above the sea container.

54. The method according to claim 47, wherein the elongated heavy product is a slab of aluminum or a steel plate.

55. A method for unloading a sea container loaded with an elongated heavy product or a row of heavy products via an open front side, using a device comprising a movable vehicle, a frame having two upright leg members, an engaging unit having engaging elements and a subframe having an elongated lifting aim with a free end, means for moving the engaging unit up or down between the two leg members relative to the frame, and a plurality of engaging elements on an underside of the lifting aim, the engaging unit further including an elongated basic arm that extends above the lifting arm, the basic arm and the lifting arm interconnected at a longitudinal position of the lifting arm such that the plurality of engaging elements are provided between the longitudinal position and the free end of the lifting arm, the method comprising the steps of: moving the movable vehicle in a first direction of movement in a longitudinal direction of the sea container with the free end of the lifting arm directed at the opening in the sea container such that the lifting arm and the engaging elements are moved into the sea container through the opening in the sea container, at least until the engaging elements are positioned directly above the heavy product or the row of heavy products; engaging with the engaging elements the heavy product of the row of heavy products; lifting the heavy product or the row of heavy products engaged by the engaging elements; moving the movable vehicle in a second direction of movement opposite the first direction of movement in the longitudinal direction of the sea container at least until the lifting arm extends entirely outside the sea container; and releasing the engagement of the heavy product or the row of heavy products by the engaging elements.

Description

[0043] The invention will now be explained in more detail by means of a description of a possible embodiment thereof, not to be construed as being limitative, in which reference is made to the following figures:

[0044] FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a device according to the invention;

[0045] FIG. 2 is a front view of the device of FIG. 1;

[0046] FIG. 3 is a side view of the device of FIG. 1;

[0047] FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the lifting arm of the device of FIG. 1;

[0048] FIGS. 5a-5f and FIG. 6 are isometric views showing seven successive stages of a use of the device of FIG. 1 during the loading of a container with an elongated heavy product;

[0049] FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of FIG. 6;

[0050] FIG. 8 is an isometric view showing the free end of the lifting arm of the device according to the invention;

[0051] FIG. 9 is a front view of the device according to the invention with a heavy product engaged thereby;

[0052] FIGS. 10a and 10b are side views showing two conditions of the lifting arm, including four associated suction cups;

[0053] FIG. 11 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view showing a situation comparable to the situation shown in FIG. 5f, but in this case with a pivoted lifting arm.

[0054] FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are various views showing the device 1 according to the invention. The device 1 can be regarded as a vehicle that can be moved in a direction of movement 2 (FIG. 3) or in a direction opposite thereto. The vehicle 1 can be considered to be derived from a type of vehicle known as “straddle carrier”. These vehicles are known per se, they are used for moving sea containers, for example on quays of dock areas.

[0055] The vehicle 1 has a frame 3 with four upright legs 4, which are interconnected at their upper ends via a roof construction 5. In the front view of FIG. 2, the legs 4 and the roof construction 5 define an upside-down U-shape. The legs 4 are supported on two girders 6 extending parallel to the direction of movement 2. At the bottom side of each girder 6, four wheels 7 are provided, at least some of which are drivable and at least some of which are steerable. The direction of movement 2 is that forward direction in which the vehicle 1 moves when the (steerable) wheels are in the neutral position. Bumper bodies 8 are provided at the ends of the girders 6. At the front side of the frame 3, the vehicle 1 comprises a cabin 9 connected to the frame 3, from which the vehicle 1 can be steered and controlled. The steering and control of the vehicle 1 may also take place by remote control, for example from the ground, or semi-automatically or even fully automatically. On one of the girders 6 a diesel generator 10 is provided for driving the vehicle 1, including various components thereof.

[0056] The vehicle 1 further comprises an engaging unit 11, which is provided between the legs of the aforesaid U-shape of the frame 3. The engaging unit 11 comprises a subframe with a lifting arm, a basic arm and a connecting part 14 between the lifting arm 12 and the basic arm 13. The lifting arm 12 is an elongated composite beam having a free end 15 oriented in the direction of movement 2. The basic arm 13 is a framework construction, which is suspended from a lifting device. The basic arm 13 is shown incompletely in the figures, in the sense that it also extends at the front side of the frame 3, inter alia under the cabin 9, and that a counterweight is provided on the part that is not shown.

[0057] The aforesaid connecting part 14 of the engaging unit 11 comprises a horizontal pivot pin 31 between the lifting arm 12 and the basic arm 13, which pivot pin extends perpendicular to the direction of movement 2. At the end of the lifting arm 12 opposite the free end 15, a hydraulic cylinder 32 that acts between the lifting arm 12 and the basic arm 13 is provided. The lifting arm 12 can be pivoted up or down about the pivot pin 31 by suitable actuation of the hydraulic cylinder 32, thus reaching the situation shown in FIG. 11, in which the lifting arm 12 includes an acute angle with a horizontal line. The aforesaid pivoting of the lifting arm 12 relative to the basic arm 13 can be useful, for example, for compensating deflection of the lifting arm 32.

[0058] The aforesaid lifting device for the engaging unit 11 comprises two cable drums 16 on a vertical drive unit 17 for the cable drums. From the cable drums 16, cables (not shown) extend straight up to the roof construction 5, where they are led to various positions, which together define a rectangle, directly above the basic arm 13. From said positions the cables extend straight down, pass through 180 degrees over pulleys 18, and subsequently engage the roof construction 5 again. The pulleys 18 are rotatably connected to two cross beams 19, which each extend between two legs 4. The cross beams 19 are provided with two guide members 20 at their ends, which guide members are capable of guiding cooperation with guide elements (not shown) on the legs 4. The basic arm 13 is suspended from the two cross beams 19 via four chains 30, alternatively also to be configured as tie rods. Each of the tie rods 30 pivotally connects to one of the two cross beams 19 at the upper end and to the basic arm 13 at the lower end. From the above description it will be understood that actuation of the cable drums 16 will cause the engaging unit 11 to move up or down. The lifting device further comprises two cylinders 33, which each act transversely to the direction of movement 2 between one of the cross beams 19 and the basic arm 13. Suitable actuation of the two cable drums 16, the two cylinders 33 and the cylinder 32 makes it possible to orient the basic arm 13, and thus the engaging unit 11 as a whole, obliquely in various directions relative to the frame 3, as shown in FIG. 9, for example.

[0059] The engaging unit 11 further comprises eight suction cups 21, which are provided in a single row under the lifting arm 12. The suction cups 21 are spaced closely together. The row starts at the free end 15 and extends from there in a direction opposite to the direction of movement. The total length of the row is about 10.5 m, which corresponds to the maximum length of the heavy product or of the row of heavy products that can be loaded into a sea container by means of the device. In this specific example, the length of the individual suction cups, which are rectangular in shape, is about 1.25 m, whilst the width is about 1.10 m. The suction cups are spaced about 30 mm apart (FIG. 4). Within the scope of the invention it is also possible, of course, to use suction cups having a different shape and/or different dimensions and/or to use two parallel rows of suction cups, for example.

[0060] As is clearly visible in FIG. 8, each of the suction cups 21 is suspended from the lifting arm 12, so that the connection between the suction cup 21 on the one hand and the lifting arm 12 on the other hand can be characterised as slightly flexible. The suction cups 21 each have a steel plate 21 at the upper side of the suction cup 21. On the underside of each steel plate, a flexible edge 39 of rubber or at least of a rubbery material is provided, which defines the aforesaid dimensions of the suction cups 21. The steel plate 22 is wider than the lifting arm 12 and configured with two projecting parts 23 on either side of the lifting arm 12. The suction cups 21 are suspended from brackets 24 via chains 27. Each of the brackets 24 is to that end provided with two points of attachment 25, 26. The chains 27 extend from the ends of each of the projecting parts 23 to each of the points of engagement 25, 26. Thus, four chains are provided on either side of the lifting arm 12 for each of the suction cups 21. In total, each suction cup 21 is suspended from eight chains 27, therefore. This manner of suspension of the suction cups achieves that only limited horizontal movement of the suction cups 21 relative to the lifting arm 12 is possible.

[0061] Each of the brackets 24 is supported on the upper ends of four piston parts of four spring elements 28. The cylinder parts of the spring elements 28 are fixedly connected to mounting arms 29, which extend laterally from the lifting arm 12 and are rigidly connected thereto. Two spring elements are provided on each mounting arm 29. Thus, four mounting arms 29 and eight spring elements 28 are provided for each suction cup 21. The operation of the above-described suspension of the suction cups 21 will be described later in this text with reference to FIGS. 10a and 10b.

[0062] A valve block 35 is provided on the lifting arm 12 between the connecting part 14 and the hydraulic cylinder 32. From the valve block 35, vacuum lines extend to the suction cups 21, more specifically to connecting points provided in the upper side of the steel plates 22 of the suction cups 21, either via the interior of the lifting arm 12 or along the outer side of the lifting arm 12. Via the valve block 35, the suction cups 21 are connected to a vacuum source (not shown). The vacuum system including the valve block 35 is configured so that the failure of a single component of the vacuum system cannot lead to the vacuum being lost at all suction cups 21.

[0063] Hereinafter the manner in which the device 1 as described in the foregoing can be used for loading a sea container 51, more specifically in this example a sea container having a length of 40 feet, with a relatively heavy elongated product 52 in accordance with the method according to the invention. The sea container 51 is open at the front side facing the vehicle 1 and is provided with an opening 50 on that side. The product 52 is a so-called slab of aluminium, for example. These products 52 have a weight of between about 7500 kg and 30,000 kg, for example, a length of between 4.2 m and 11 m, a width of between 1.15 m and 2.20 m and a thickness usually of about 60 cm.

[0064] During a preliminary stage the slab 52 has been positioned at least substantially in line with the sea container 51. The vehicle 1 is moved in such a manner that is also positioned in line with the slab 52 and the sea container 51 on the side of the slab 52 remote from the sea container 51, with the direction of movement toward the sea container 51 (FIG. 5a). Subsequently the relative positions of the slab 52 and the sea container 51 relative to the vehicle 1 is determined by means of laser beams 53 and 54, respectively (FIG. 5b, FIG. 5c). The sources for the laser beams are not shown in the figures.

[0065] Then the vehicle 1 is moved such that the suction cups 21 are positioned directly above the slab 52 (FIG. 5d). In addition to the information that has been obtained by means of the laser beams 52, 54, use can also be made during this operation of cameras present in the cabin 9. The slab 52 is positioned between the legs 4 (or at least the extensions thereof) of the vehicle 1.

[0066] During a next stage, the engaging unit 11 is lowered by means of the lifting device until the suction cups 21, more specifically the flexible circumferential edges 39 thereof, are supported on the slab 52. As a result, the chains 27 are slack (5e). Then the vacuum system is activated, as a result of which the suction cups 21 engage the upper side of the slab 52 by suction. In this example the lifting capacity for each suction cup 21 is at least about 5000 kg. The lifting device subsequently lifts the engaging unit 11 again, with the slab 52 moving clear of the ground on which it was supported. During said lifting the chains 21 are tensioned again (FIG. 5f).

[0067] In case it has appeared from the measurements taken by means of the laser beams 53, 54 that the longitudinal direction of the slab 52 includes an (acute) angle with the longitudinal direction of the sea container 51, the vehicle 1 can be moved in such a manner (by some steering) from the situation shown in FIG. 5c that the direction of movement 2 extends parallel to the longitudinal direction of the slab 52. Alternatively it is also possible to move the vehicle 1 to a position above the slab 52 such that the direction of movement 2 extends parallel to (and if possible in line with) the sea container 51. Subsequently the engaging unit 11 can be positioned obliquely relative to the frame 3 but straight above the slab 52 by suitable actuation of the cylinders 33, so that the lifting arm 12 extends parallel to the slab 52. Having engaged and lifted the slab 52, the engaging unit 11 can be moved to the neutral position again by suitable actuation of the cylinders, in which neutral position the lifting arm 12 extends parallel to the direction of movement 2.

[0068] During said lifting there is a risk that not all the suction cups 21 are loaded to the same extent. This in turn involves the risk that the load on a particular suction cup 21 will run up higher than the capacity of the suction cup 21 in question. This risk may for example result from (the upper side of) the slab 52 not being level, deflection of the slab 52 or deflection of the lifting arm 12. This risk is reduced by the manner of suspension of the suction cup 21, using the spring elements 28, as described in the foregoing. Reference is made to FIGS. 10a and 10b. FIG. 10a shows the ideal situation, in which all the suction cups 21 located at positions A-D, are loaded uniformly by the load of a heavy product (not shown). The load is so low that no (substantial) compression of the spring elements 28 takes place. In the example shown in FIG. 10b, however, the suction cup 20, located at position B, is loaded more heavily. As a result, the spring elements 28 associated with the suction cup 21 in question will compress, as a result of which the load on that specific suction cup 21 will decrease. The characteristics of the spring elements 28 are designed to keep the load as much as possible the same for all the suction cups 21. In this example the maximum compression of the spring elements is 30 mm.

[0069] The vehicle 1 then moves toward the sea container 51. When the free end 15 of the lifting arm 12 is positioned close to the opening 50, the lifting device of the vehicle 1 will position the engaging unit 11 at such a height that the upper side of the lifting arm 12 is located lower than the level of the inner side of the roof of the sea container 51 and the bottom side of the slab 52 is located above the level of the upper side of the bottom of the sea container 51. The vehicle 1 is positioned so that both the direction of movement 2 of the vehicle 1 and the longitudinal directions of the lifting arm 12 (and thus of the slab 52) extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the sea container 51. In addition, the widths of the lifting arm 12, the slab 52 and the suction cups 21 extend within the width of the opening in the sea container 51. If the vehicle 1 is not properly aligned relative to the sea container 51, which can be determined by means of laser sensors or cameras, for example, and which manifests itself in that case in that the free end 15 of the lifting arm 12 is not positioned directly in front of the open sea container 51, it is possible to move the engagement unit 11 laterally relative to the frame 3 by (simultaneous) actuation of the cylinders 33.

[0070] The vehicle 1 is then moved in the direction of movement 2, with the lifting arm 12, the suction cups 21 as well as the slab 52 engaged by the suction cups 21 being moved into the sea container 51 through the opening 50 in the sea container 51, at least until the slab 52 is located entirely within the sea container. The sea container 51 is located between the legs 4. Subsequently, the lifting device will lower the engaging unit 11 until the slab 52 is supported on the bottom of the sea container 51, with the chains 72 becoming slightly slack again and the spring elements 28 taking up their unloaded position again. In this way the situation shown in FIGS. 6 7 is reached. During a final stage, the vacuum system is deactivated, the engaging unit 11 is lifted to a limited extent and the vehicle 1 is moved in a direction opposite the direction of movement 2 until the lifting arm 12 has been moved out of the sea container in its entirety.

[0071] In an analogous manner it is also possible to stack elongated heavy products in the sea container 51 if the thickness/height as well as the weight (in connection with the maximum allowable loading weight of the sea container 51) allow this. Based on the above description, the skilled person will realise how a sea container can be unloaded again using the vehicle 1 by carrying out the various steps substantially in reverse order.

[0072] In the foregoing the invention has been explained by way of illustration on the basis of aluminium slabs, but it is also conceivable to load different kinds of heavy elongated products by means of a device according to the invention. Think in this connection of steel slabs, for example, or elongated plates that are engaged by means of suction cups as described in the foregoing or by means of magnets (instead of suction cups). Furthermore, big bags filled with bulk goods may be considered in this regard, which big bags are disposed in a row and which can each be engaged by means of a hook or clamp provided on the underside of a lifting arm.