Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles and Manufacturing Method Thereof

Abstract

Disclosed are conjugated polymer nanoparticles and a method of producing the same. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles include a conjugated polymer, fatty acid and an amphiphile polymer. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles can be doped even under a neutral environment, thus exhibiting high electrical conductivity and exerting absorbance properties in the near-infrared band even under a neutral environment such as in vivo.

Claims

1. Conjugated polymer nanoparticles comprising: a conjugated polymer; fatty acid; and an amphiphile polymer.

2. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to claim 1, wherein the conjugated polymer nanoparticles comprise 1 to 1,000 parts by weight of the fatty acid and 1 to 1,000 parts by weight of the amphiphile polymer, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the conjugated polymer.

3. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid comprises any one selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, capric acid, caprylic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid and a combination thereof.

4. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to claim 1, wherein the amphiphile polymer comprises any one selected from the group consisting of a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant and a mixture thereof.

5. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to claim 4, wherein the amphiphile polymer comprises any one selected from the group consisting of sodium cholate hydrate, n-octyl glucoside, octyl thioglycoside, N-octanoyl-N-methylglucamine, N-nonanoyl-N-methylglucamine, quillaja bark-derived saponin, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DMAB), N,N-bis(3-D-glucoamidopropyl)deoxy-cholamide (deoxy-BIGCHAP), N,N-bis(3-D-glucoamidopropyl)cholamide (BIGCHAP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether, Pluronic F-68, Triton X-100, Triton X-114, Tween 40, Tween 80, Igepal CA-630, Igepal CO-210, Igepal CO-520, Igepal CO-630, Igepal CO-720, Igepal CO-890, Igepal DM-970, Igepal CA-210, Igepal CA-520, Igepal CA-630, N-decanoyl-N-methylglucamine, nonylphenyl polyethylene glycol, Brij 76, Brij 58, Brij 35P, Brij 30, Polysorbate 80, cyclohexylmethyl-β-D-maltoside (Cymal-1), 2-cyclohexylethyl-β-D-maltoside (Cymal-2), 5-cyclohexylpentyl-β-D-maltoside (Cymal-5), 6-cyclohexylhexyl-β-D-maltoside (Cymal-6), digitonin, decyl-β-D-maltopyranoside, lauryl-β-D-maltoside (DDM), n-hexadecyl-β-D-maltoside, undecyl-β-D-maltoside, decyl-β-D-1-thiomaltopyranoside, decyl-β-D-1-thioglucopyranoside, dimethyldecylphosphine oxide, dodecyldimethylphosphine oxide and a mixture thereof.

6. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to claim 1, wherein the conjugated polymer comprises any one selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide), poly(fluorenyleneethynylene), a derivative thereof and a mixture thereof.

7. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to claim 1, wherein the conjugated polymer nanoparticles comprise: a core comprising the conjugated polymer and the fatty acid; and a shell surrounding the core and comprising the amphiphile polymer.

8. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to claim 7, wherein the core further comprises a pharmaceutically active ingredient.

9. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to claim 1, wherein the conjugated polymer nanoparticles comprise 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of the pharmaceutically active ingredient, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the conjugated polymer.

10. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to claim 8, wherein the pharmaceutically active ingredient comprises any one selected from the group consisting of anticancer agents, antibiotics, hormones, hormone antagonists, interleukins, interferons, growth factors, tumor necrosis factors, endotoxins, lymphotoxins, urokinase, streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activators, protease inhibitors, alkylphosphocholine, radioisotope-labeled molecules, cardiovascular drugs, gastrointestinal drugs and neurological drugs.

11. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to claim 1, wherein the conjugated polymer of the conjugated polymer nanoparticles is doped at pH 1 to 8 with a dopant.

12. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to claim 1, wherein the conjugated polymer nanoparticles have a diameter of 1 to 500 nm.

13. A method of producing conjugated polymer nanoparticles comprising: dissolving a conjugated polymer and fatty acid in a solvent to prepare a first mix solution; mixing the mix solution with a solution containing an amphiphile polymer to prepare a second mix solution; and conducting reaction of the second mix solution.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the preparing the first mix solution comprises further adding a pharmaceutically active ingredient.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the solvent comprises any one selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, acetone, acetonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, cyclohexane, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, heptane, hexane, methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, pentane, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, water and a mixture thereof.

16. The method according to claim 13, wherein the reaction of the second mix solution is conducted by stirring the second mix solution at a temperature lower than or equal to a melting point of the fatty acid.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0032] FIG. 1 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM; JEM-1011 JEOL, Japan) image of polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 1;

[0033] FIGS. 2A and 2B are graphs showing absorbance properties of polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Examples 1 to 3;

[0034] FIG. 3 is a graph showing fluorescence characteristics of polyaniline nanoparticles (100%, 500% and 1,000%) produced in Examples 1 to 3 and doxorubicin (DOX);

[0035] FIG. 4A shows a dark field image for confirming uptake of polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 and Reference Example 1 into cells, after culturing the polyaniline nanoparticles in the cells for 48 hours, and FIG. 4B shows photothermal therapy effects after conducting laser irradiation on polyaniline nanoparticles up-taken into the cells;

[0036] FIG. 5 is an image showing results of laser irradiation conducted after injection, into a mouse model, of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines cultured together with the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4; and

[0037] FIG. 6 shows color change behaviors of polyaniline nanoparticles produced under different concentrations of HCl in Example 1 and Reference Example 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail such that they can be easily implemented by a person having ordinary knowledge in the art. However, the present invention can be implemented by a variety of different embodiments and should be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0039] The conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to an embodiment of the present invention include a conjugated polymer, fatty acid and an amphiphile polymer.

[0040] Any conductive polymer can be used without limitation so long as it can exert electrical conductivity by doping with a dopant. The kinds of the conjugated polymers possessing this property are well-known. The conjugated polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide), poly(fluorenyleneethynylene), derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0041] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the conjugated polymer may be polyaniline. The polyaniline has excellent biocompatibility and is applicable as an electrically active material for cell proliferation research. In addition, polyaniline is a dopant (for example, strong acid, Lewis acid, transition metal, alkali ion) for quantization which induces electron transfer and leads to a band gap between a valence band and a conduction band reducing an excitation-energy level. Accordingly, the optical absorption peak of polyaniline shifts from emeraldine base (EB) to emeraldine salt (ES) during doping and redshift to a near-infrared area happens.

[0042] The conjugated polymer nanoparticles include fatty acid as well as the conjugated polymer so that they can be doped with a dopant even under a neutral environment. Accordingly, the conjugated polymer nanoparticles can exert high electrical conductivity and excellent absorption properties in near-infrared areas even under a neutral environment such as in vivo. As a result, when the conjugated polymer nanoparticles are loaded in drugs, the nanoparticle-loaded drugs can be released by inducing local temperature variation using a laser, so that accurate drug delivery to local sites, disease diagnosis, disease treatment, near-infrared imaging and photothermal therapy are possible.

[0043] The fatty acid may be saturated fatty acid or unsaturated fatty acid, is preferably C8 to C30 fatty acid, and is for example selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, capric acid, caprylic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid and a combination thereof.

[0044] In addition, the fatty acid is a phase change material which is present in a solid phase during the production of the conjugated polymer nanoparticles and can be melted by heat emitted from the conjugated polymer absorbing light upon irradiation of a laser in vivo.

[0045] That is, by using fatty acid among phase change materials, the conjugated polymer can be doped, especially, under a neutral environment as well as under an alkaline environment of pH 8 or less, preferably of pH 1 to 8, without an additional doping process.

[0046] The dopant useful for doping the conjugated polymer may include at least one oxide material or bio-molecule having an oxidation/reduction potential selected from the group consisting of active oxygen species, active nitrogen species, hydrogen peroxide, bio-ions and free radicals, but the dopant may be a hydrogen ion in terms of the fact that it can further improve infrared light absorption performance and electrical conductivity of the conjugated polymer. The amphiphile polymer surrounds particles including a mixture of the conjugated polymer and the fatty acid, to impart hydrophilicity to the conjugated polymer nanoparticles. As a result, the conjugated polymer nanoparticles may have a core-shell structure which includes a core including the conjugated polymer and the fatty acid, and a shell including the amphiphile polymer surrounding the core. Meanwhile, the core may be a mixture of the conjugated polymer and the fatty acid, while the core may have a layered structure in which the conjugated polymer is surrounded by the fatty acid.

[0047] Any amphiphile polymer may be used without limitation so long as it has a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group and the amphiphile polymer may be chemically synthesized or naturally derived. In addition, the amphiphile polymer may be a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant or a mixture thereof.

[0048] Specifically, the amphiphile polymer may be sodium cholate hydrate, n-octyl glucoside, octyl thioglycoside, N-octanoyl-N-methylglucamine, N-nonanoyl-N-methylglucamine, quillaja bark-derived saponin, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DMAB), N,N-bis(3-D-glucoamidopropyl) deoxy-cholamide (deoxy-BIGCHAP), N,N-bis(3-D-glucoamidopropyl) cholamide (BIGCHAP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether, Pluronic F-68, Triton X-100, Triton X-114, Tween 40, Tween 80, Igepal CA-630, Igepal CO-210, Igepal CO-520, Igepal CO-630, Igepal CO-720, Igepal CO-890, Igepal DM-970, Igepal CA-210, Igepal CA-520, Igepal CA-630, N-decanoyl-N-methylglucamine, nonylphenyl polyethylene glycol, Brij 76, Brij 58, Brij 35P, Brij 30, Polysorbate 80, cyclohexylmethyl-β-D-maltoside (Cymal-1), 2-cyclohexylethyl-β-D-maltoside (Cymal-2), 5-cyclohexylpentyl-β-D-maltoside (Cymal-5), 6-cyclohexylhexyl-β-D-maltoside (Cymal-6), digitonin, decyl-β-D-maltopyranoside, lauryl-β-D-maltoside (DDM), n-hexadecyl-β-D-maltoside, undecyl-β-D-maltoside, decyl-β-D-1-thiomaltopyranoside, decyl-β-D-1-thioglucopyranoside, dimethyldecylphosphine oxide, dodecyldimethylphosphine oxide or a mixture thereof.

[0049] The conjugated polymer nanoparticles have infrared light absorption properties when doped even under a neutral environment and are thus applicable as a photothermal therapy material. When the conjugated polymer nanoparticles include a contrast medium material, diagnosis of diseases is possible by near-infrared imaging.

[0050] As a specific example, cancer cells can be detected using the conjugated polymer nanoparticles. The majority of cancer cells continue growing and proliferating and the energy required for this growth is obtained by glycolysis. Accordingly, glycolysis more actively occurs and more glycolysis products such as pyruvate and lactic acid are obtained in cancer cells, as compared to in normal cells. That is, when the conjugated polymer nanoparticles are present under environments containing pyruvate and lactic acid, such as cancer cells, the pyruvate and lactic acid serve as dopants and are used to dope the conjugated polymers. Depending on the doping of the conjugated polymer, the absorbance of the conjugated polymer is changed and color is thus changed. Accordingly, using this color change, the conjugated polymer nanoparticles can be used as sensors and kits for detecting cancer cells.

[0051] There is no limitation as to the kind of cancer cells that can be detected using the conjugated polymer nanoparticles. For example, cancer cells include rectal cancer, gallbladder cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, brain cancer, prostate cancer, malignant melanoma, breast cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bronchial cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer, sarcoma cancer and uterine cancer cells and the like.

[0052] Meanwhile, the conjugated polymer nanoparticles may include a pharmaceutically active ingredient, in addition to the conjugated polymer and the fatty acid. The conjugated polymer nanoparticles include the pharmaceutically active ingredient, thereby being useful as a drug delivery material and a disease treatment material.

[0053] When the conjugated polymer nanoparticles have the core-shell structure, the pharmaceutically active ingredient can be contained in the core. In this case, the pharmaceutically active ingredient, the conjugated polymer and the fatty acid may be present as a mixture, or the pharmaceutically active ingredient may surround the mixture of the conjugated polymer and the fatty acid in a layer form.

[0054] The pharmaceutically active ingredient may be selected from the group consisting of anticancer agents, antibiotics, hormones, hormone antagonists, interleukin, interferon, growth factors, tumor necrosis factors, endotoxins, lymphotoxin, urokinase, streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activators, protease inhibitors, alkylphosphocholines, radioisotope-labeled molecules, cardiovascular drugs, gastrointestinal drugs and neurological drugs.

[0055] In particular, examples of the anticancer agents include epirubicin, docetaxel, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, cisplatin, carboplatin, taxol, procarbazine, cyclophosphamide, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, etoposide, tamoxifen, doxorubicin, mitomycin, bleomycin, plicomycin, transplatinum, vinblastin, methotrexate and the like.

[0056] The conjugated polymer nanoparticles may include 1 to 1,000 parts by weight of the fatty acid, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the conjugated polymer. When the content of the fatty acid is less than 1 part by weight, an efficiency of loading the pharmaceutical ingredient may be deteriorated and when the content of the fatty acid exceeds 1,000 parts by weight, the size of the conjugated polymer nanoparticles may be excessively large and stability of the conjugated polymer nanoparticles may thus be deteriorated.

[0057] The conjugated polymer nanoparticles may include 1 to 1,000 parts by weight of the amphiphile polymer, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the conjugated polymer. When the content of the amphiphile polymer is less than 1 part by weight, the amount of the amphiphile polymer surrounding the conjugated polymer nanoparticles is excessively low and stability of the conjugated polymer nanoparticles in an aqueous phase may be deteriorated and when the content exceeds 1,000 parts by weight, biocompatibility may be deteriorated upon application to in vivo cells, animals and the like.

[0058] In the case where the conjugated polymer nanoparticles further include the pharmaceutically active ingredient, the conjugated polymer nanoparticles may include 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of the pharmaceutically active ingredient, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the conjugated polymer. When the content of the pharmaceutically active ingredient is less than 0.1 parts by weight, as the content of the pharmaceutical ingredient is extremely low, there may be problems associated with treatment using the pharmaceutical ingredient, and when the content exceeds 100 parts by weight, fluorescence characteristics such as self-quenching and other optical properties may be deteriorated.

[0059] The conjugated polymer nanoparticles may have a diameter of 1 to 500 nm, preferably 5 to 50 nm, more preferably 10 to 25 nm. When the diameter of the conjugated polymer nanoparticles exceeds 500 nm, solubility may be deteriorated and colloid stability in an aqueous solution phase may be lowered due to large particle size.

[0060] A method of producing the conjugated polymer nanoparticles according to another embodiment includes dissolving conjugated polymers and fatty acid in a solvent to prepare a first mix solution, mixing the mix solution with a solution containing an amphiphile polymer to prepare a second mix solution, and conducting reaction of the second mix solution. In accordance with the method of producing the conjugated polymer nanoparticles, conjugated polymer nanoparticles doped even under a neutral environment can be produced.

[0061] Specifically, the conjugated polymers and the fatty acid are dissolved in an aqueous solvent and the mixture is mixed with an aqueous amphiphile polymer solution. The mixture containing the conjugated polymer, fatty acid and the amphiphile polymer is stirred and purified, thereby producing conjugated polymer nanoparticles. Since the aqueous solvent is spontaneously emulsified in water, the conjugated polymer nanoparticles can be produced without injection of additional energy.

[0062] Meanwhile, in order for the conjugated polymer nanoparticles to further include the pharmaceutically active ingredient, in the process of dissolving the conjugated polymers and the fatty acid in the aqueous solvent, the pharmaceutically active ingredient may be further added and be dissolved in the aqueous solvent, in addition to the conjugated polymers and the fatty acid.

[0063] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the conjugated polymer, the fatty acid and the pharmaceutically active ingredient are dispersed in the aqueous solvent, and the conjugated polymer, the fatty acid and the pharmaceutically active ingredient dispersed in the aqueous solvent are injected into an aqueous phase in which an amphiphile polymer is dispersed. After injection, stirring is conducted. As a result, the solvent phase is equilibrated with the aqueous phase in the form of a droplet. At this time, the amphiphile polymer is adsorbed on the droplet, thereby obtaining conjugated polymer nanoparticles.

[0064] The conjugated polymer nanoparticles thus obtained may have a structure including a conjugated polymer core and a hydrophilic shell. By the hydrophilic group of the amphiphile polymer, a hydrophilic shell surrounding the conjugated polymer core including the conjugated polymer, the fatty acid and the pharmaceutically active material can be formed. The hydrophilic shell is located outside the conjugated polymer core so that it exerts high water solubility to improve dispersibility of the conjugated polymer nanoparticles.

[0065] Any solvent may be used as the aqueous solvent without limitation so long as it is soluble in water. For example, the aqueous solvent may be N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, acetone, acetonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, cyclohexane, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, heptane, hexane, methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, pentane, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, water or a mixture thereof.

[0066] The conducting reaction of the second mix solution may be carried out by stirring the second mix solution at a temperature lower than or equal to a melting point of the fatty acid. That is, the reaction of the second mix solution is carried out by a temperature lower than or equal to the melting point of the fatty acid, thereby producing conjugated polymer nanoparticles including the fatty acid present in a solid phase. Accordingly, the reaction temperature may be 1 to 99° C., preferably 15 to 50° C., more preferably 30 to 40° C. which is lower than or equal to the melting point of the fatty acid.

EXAMPLES

[0067] Hereinafter, certain examples of the present invention will be described in more detail such that a person having ordinary knowledge in the field to which the present invention pertains can easily implement the same.

[0068] However, the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the examples described herein.

Preparation Example: Synthesis of Polyaniline

Preparation Example 1

[0069] Emeraldine base (EB) as polyaniline was synthesized in the presence of excess HCl by chemical oxidative polymerization. An aniline monomer (0.2 mol) was added to a 1M HCl aqueous solution (300 mL). Subsequently, an ammonium persulfate solution (0.05 mol) prepared in a 1M HCl aqueous solution (200 mL) as an oxidant was added dropwise to conduct polymerization at room temperature for 6 hours. A dark green precipitated polymer salt (ES) was filtered and the filtrate was collected from a reaction container and was then dispersed again in a 1M NaOH solution (500 mL). Then, dequantized EB was filtered and dispersed again in acetone (500 mL). Finally, the resulting dispersion was dried in a vacuum filtration oven for 48 hours to obtain a fine EB powder.

[0070] The molecular weight of EB synthesized using gel permeation chromatography (Acme 9200 GPC, Young Lin Instrument Co., Ltd.) was measured. As a result, the molecular weight was found to be 5,200 Da (dispersion degree: 1.1).

Example: Production of Polyaniline Nanoparticles

Examples 1 to 3: PAniLA

[0071] 5 mg of the polyaniline prepared in Preparation Example 1, each of 60 mg (100%), 300 mg (500%) and 600 mg (1,000%) of lauric acid and 1 mg of doxorubicin were dissolved in 4 mL of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and the mixture 1 was added to 20 mL of an aqueous solution containing 100 mg of Tween 80. The mixture 2 was reacted under stirring at room temperature for 4 hours and dialysis was conducted using a dialysis membrane with Mw of 3,000 for 24 hours. After dialysis, the mixture 3 was centrifuged three times at 3,000 rpm for 60 minutes and was then dispersed in 5 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS).

Example 4: PAniLA

[0072] 5 mg of the polyaniline prepared in Preparation Example 1 and 60 mg of lauric acid were dissolved in 4 mL of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the mixture 1 was added to 20 mL of an aqueous solution containing 100 mg of Tween 80. The mixture 2 was reacted under stirring at room temperature for 4 hours and dialysis was conducted using a dialysis membrane with Mw of 3,000 for 24 hours. After dialysis, the mixture 3 was centrifuged three times at 3,000 rpm for 60 minutes and was then dispersed in 5 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS).

Examples 5 to 7: PAniLA

[0073] Polyaniline nanoparticles were produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that oleic acid, capric acid and caprylic acid were each used instead of the lauric acid.

Reference Example 1: TPAni

[0074] 10 mg of polyaniline prepared in Preparation Example 1 was dissolved in 1.5 mL of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the mixture was added to 20 mL of an aqueous solution containing 200 mg of Tween 80. The mixture was reacted under vigorous stirring at room temperature for 4 hours. After dialysis, the mixture was centrifuged three times at 1,500 rpm for 30 minutes and Tween 800-coated polyaniline nanoparticles (TPAni) were purified and dispersed in an aqueous phase.

Test Example 1: Characterization of Polyaniline Nanoparticles

[0075] FIG. 1 is a transmission electron microscopy (TEM; JEM-1011 JEOL, Japan) image of polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the produced polyaniline nanoparticles have a structure in which lauric acid surrounds polyaniline as a core.

[0076] In addition, it can be seen from the transmission electron microscopy image that the polyaniline nanoparticles have a particle diameter of about 50 to 60 nm.

Test Example 2: Evaluation of Absorbance Properties and Photothermal Properties of Polyaniline Nanoparticles

[0077] FIGS. 2A and 2B are graphs showing absorbance properties of polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Examples 1 to 3.

[0078] As can be seen from FIG. 2A, observation results of absorbance properties of Example 1 (the content of lauric acid: 100%), Example 2 (the content of lauric acid: 500%) and Example 3 (the content of lauric acid: 1,000%) show that under the condition of 100% lauric acid, doping is not observed in an image (green-blue) visible by the naked eye and an absorption spectrum (peak occurs in a 600 nm region) under neutral conditions, whereas, as the content of lauric acid increases, doping occurs even under neutral conditions (solution color: green, absorption peak: 900 nm).

[0079] In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 2B, polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Examples 1 to 3 exert a photothermal effect in which heat is emitted by light absorption. In particular, the temperature increment is the highest under the condition of 500% lauric acid (Example 2: 300 mg).

[0080] Meanwhile, the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Examples 4 to 7 can exhibit similar absorbance properties and photothermal properties to polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 1.

Test Example 3: Evaluation of Fluorescence Characteristics of Polyaniline Nanoparticles

[0081] FIG. 3 is a graph showing fluorescence characteristics of polyaniline nanoparticles (100%, 500% and 1,000%) produced in Examples 1 to 3 and doxorubicin (DOX).

[0082] That is, FIG. 3 shows fluorescent signals of doxorubicin (DOX) as a drug having fluorescent properties and polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Examples 1 to 3 containing doxorubicin. As can be seen from FIG. 3, when polyaniline nanoparticles are produced from increased amounts of lauric acid in order of 100% (60 mg), 500% (300 mg) and 1,000% (600 mg), fluorescent signal of doxorubicin is significantly decreased.

[0083] This is due to absorbance properties of the polyaniline nanoparticles, more specifically, the fact that, since polyaniline nanoparticles having a peak near 600 nm entirely absorb fluorescent emitting signals of doxorubicin, almost no fluorescent signals are measured after particle synthesis.

[0084] The results indicate that doxorubicin is encapsulated in the polyaniline nanoparticles and multiple materials such as lauric acid and doxorubicin can be loaded in the polyaniline nanoparticles.

Test Example 4: Evaluation of Photothermal Therapy Effect of Polyaniline Nanoparticles

[0085] FIG. 4A shows a dark field image for confirming uptake of polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 and Reference Example 1 into cells, after culturing the polyaniline nanoparticles in the cells for 48 hours, and FIG. 4B shows a photothermal therapy effect after conducting laser irradiation to polyaniline nanoparticles up-taken into the cells.

[0086] In FIG. 4A, “MDA-MB-231 only” represents a case where only breast cancer cell lines are cultured, “MDA-MB-231+TPAni” represents a case where breast cancer cell lines are cultured together with polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Reference Example 1, and “MDA-MB-231+PAniLA” represents a case where breast cancer cell lines are cultured together with the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in 4.

[0087] As can be seen from FIG. 4A, more polyaniline nanoparticles (PAniLA) produced in Example 4 are up-taken into MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, as compared to the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Reference Example 1 (TPAni). For reference, white glittering parts represent PAniLA particles.

[0088] FIG. 4B shows results confirming photothermal therapy effects after up-take of polyaniline nanoparticles into cells and then laser irradiation (green-blue parts represent living cells). In FIG. 4B, “MDA-MB-231 only Laser O” represents a case where only MDA-MB-231 cells are subjected to laser irradiation, “MDA-MB-231 with TPAni Laser O” represents a case where both breast cancer cell lines and the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Reference Example 1 having been cultured together are subjected to laser irradiation, “MDA-MB-231 with PAniLa Laser X” represents a dark field image showing, before laser irradiation, a case where both breast cancer cell lines and the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 are cultured together, and “MDA-MB-231 with PAniLa Laser O” represents a dark field image showing, after laser irradiation, a case where both breast cancer cell lines and the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 are cultured together.

[0089] As can be seen from FIG. 4B, when only MDA-MB-231 cells are subjected to laser irradiation (MDA-MB-231 only Laser O), there is no impact on cells. When laser irradiation is conducted after uptake of the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Reference Example 1 into the cells (MDA-MB-231 with TPAni Laser O), there is slight damage to cells. The cells in which the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 (MDA-MB-231 with PAniLa Laser X) are up-taken have almost no damage, and the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 have no toxicity. When laser irradiation is conducted after uptake of the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 into the cells (MDA-MB-231 with PAniLa Laser O), there is almost no living cell. The reason for this is that the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 absorb light emitted from the laser, thus emitting heat based on the photothermal effect. The emitted heat eliminates cells.

[0090] Meanwhile, FIG. 5 is an image showing results of laser irradiation conducted after injection, into a mouse model, of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines cultured together with the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 in order to measure photothermal therapy effect of the polyaniline nanoparticles.

[0091] In FIG. 5, “Injection O-Before” represents an image showing after injection, into a mouse model, of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines cultured together with the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 and before laser irradiation, and “Injection O-After” represents an image showing after injection, into a mouse model, of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines cultured together with the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 and then laser irradiation, “Injection X-Before” represents an image showing after injection, into a mouse model, of only MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines before laser irradiation, and “Injection X-After” represents an image showing after injection, into a mouse model, of only MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and then laser irradiation.

[0092] As can be seen from FIG. 5, when MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines cultured together with the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 are up-taken into a mouse model and then subjected to laser irradiation, the laser irradiation-applied areas entirely burn black, while, when only the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines are up-taken into a mouse model and then subjected to laser irradiation, this phenomenon does not occur.

[0093] Meanwhile, the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Examples 5 to 7 exhibit similar photothermal therapy effects to the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4.

Test Example 5: Color Change Behaviors Depending on Acidity of Polyaniline Nanoparticles

[0094] In order to evaluate color change behaviors depending on acidity of the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 1 and Reference Example 1, polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 1 and Reference Example 1 were doped with a variety of concentrations (10-.sup.1 M to 10-.sup.10 M) of hydrogen chloride (HCl). Then, color change was observed by the naked eye and absorbance was analyzed with an absorption spectrometer (Mecasys UV-2120, Korea). Results are shown in FIG. 6.

[0095] As can be seen from FIG. 6, the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Reference Example 1 (TPAni) shift to an emeraldine salt (ES) and thus turn green in the presence of HCl having a higher concentration than 10-.sup.2 M, but shift to an emeraldine base (EB) and thus turn blue in the presence of HCl having a lower concentration than 10-.sup.3 M. On the other hand, the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 1 (PAniLA) shift to an emeraldine salt (ES) and turn green even in the presence of HCl having a lower concentration than 10-.sup.8 M, that is, under a neutral environment, as well as in the presence of HCl having a higher concentration than 10-.sup.2 M.

[0096] Meanwhile, like the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 1, the polyaniline nanoparticles produced in Example 4 to 7 can be doped even in the presence of HCl having a lower concentration than 10-.sup.8 M, that is, under a neutral environment, as well as in the presence of HCl having a higher concentration than 10-.sup.2 M.

[0097] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.

[0098] When the conjugated polymer nanoparticles of the present invention are loaded in drugs, the loaded drugs can be released by inducing local temperature changes with a laser, so that accurate drug delivery to local sites, disease diagnosis, disease treatment, near-infrared imaging and photothermal therapy are possible.