INHALING DEVICE WITH USER RECOGNITION BASED ON INHALATION BEHAVIOUR

Abstract

A method of controlling operation of an inhaling device is provided, the inhaling device including a gas flow path through which gas can be drawn by the action of a user puff, a gas flow sensor within the gas flow path, and a memory, the method including recording gas flow measurements from the gas flow sensor; comparing the gas flow measurements with the user puff signature stored in the memory to provide a correlation score; and enabling or disabling further operation of the device based on a value of the correlation score. The method allows an inhaling device, such as an electrically operated smoking device or a medical inhaler, to authenticate a user of the device based on a detected puffing behavior.

Claims

1.-15. (canceled)

16. A method of controlling operation of an inhaling device, the inhaling device comprising a gas flow path through which gas can be drawn by action of a user puff, a gas flow sensor within the gas flow path, and a memory, the method comprising: recording gas flow measurements from the gas flow sensor; comparing the gas flow measurements with a user puff signature stored in the memory to provide a correlation score; and enabling or disabling further operation of the inhaling device based on a value of the correlation score.

17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: recording the user puff signature based on signals from the gas flow sensor during a set-up procedure; and storing the user puff signature in the memory.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the step of recording the user puff signature further comprises recording a gas flow rate past the gas flow sensor for a first predetermined time period.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the step of recording the user puff signature further comprises providing an indication to the user of a start of the first predetermined time period.

20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the step of recording gas flow measurements further comprises recording a gas flow rate past the gas flow sensor for a second predetermined time period.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the step of recording the gas flow measurements further comprises providing an indication to user of a start of the second predetermined time period.

22. The method according to claim 16, wherein the step of enabling or disabling further operation of the inhaling device comprises comparing the correlation score with a threshold score and enabling further operation of the inhaling device if the correlation score exceeds the threshold score.

23. The method according to claim 16, further comprising a step of modifying the user puff signature based on the gas flow measurements if the correlation score exceeds the threshold score.

24. The method according to claim 16, wherein the step of comparing the gas flow measurements with the user puff signature comprises comparing one or more of the following parameters: time to end of puff, time to peak flow rate, time to first maximum flow rate, time to first minimum flow rate, time between peak flow rates, rate of change of flow rate, number of peak flow rates, flow rate at peak flow rates, puff volume, peak flow ratios, rate of change of flow rate ratios, inter puff interval, and curve shape.

25. The method according to claim 16, further comprising modifying the recorded user puff signature dependent on a time of day prior to the step of comparing the gas flow measurements with the user puff signature.

26. The method according to claim 16, wherein the step of disabling the inhaling device comprises disabling the inhaling device for a predetermined disable time period.

27. The method according to claim 16, further comprising storing a plurality of user puff signatures, wherein the step of comparing the gas flow measurements with the user puff signature further comprises comparing the gas flow measurements with each puff signature of the plurality of user puff signatures to provide a plurality of correlation scores, and modifying the operation of the inhaling device operation dependent on which correlation score of the plurality of correlation scores is highest.

28. A nontransitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed on a programmable controller in an inhaling device, the inhaling device comprising a gas flow path through which gas can be drawn by action of a user puff, a gas flow sensor within the gas flow path, and a memory, performs a method comprising: recording gas flow measurements from the gas flow sensor; comparing the gas flow measurements with a user puff signature stored in the memory to provide a correlation score; and enabling or disabling further operation of the inhaling device based on a value of the correlation score.

29. An inhaling device, comprising: a controller configured to control operation of the inhaling device; a gas flow path through which gas can be drawn by action of a user puff; a gas flow sensor disposed within the gas flow path; and a memory, wherein the controller is configured to compare a user puff signature stored in the memory with gas flow measurements from the gas flow sensor to generate a correlation score, and is further configured to enable or disable operation of the inhaling device based on a value of the correlation score.

30. The inhaling system according to claim 29, wherein the inhaling system in an electrically operated smoking system.

Description

[0064] The invention will be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0065] FIG. 1 illustrates a first example of an electrically operated smoking system in accordance with the invention;

[0066] FIG. 2 illustrates a puff profile through a device of the type illustrated in FIG. 1;

[0067] FIG. 3 illustrate possible puff profiles used as puff signatures;

[0068] FIG. 4 is flow diagram of a set-up procedure for recording a user puff signature;

[0069] FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an authentication process in accordance with the invention;

[0070] FIG. 6 is a flow chart of illustrating a process of selecting an operation mode based on use puff data; and

[0071] FIG. 7 illustrates a second example of an electrically operated smoking system in accordance with the invention.

[0072] FIG. 1 shows one example of an inhaling device and in accordance with the invention, which is electrically operated aerosol generating system. In FIG. 1, the system is a smoking system. The smoking system 100 of FIG. 1 comprises a housing 101 having a mouthpiece end 103 and a body end 105. In the body end, there is provided an electric power supply in the form of battery 107 and electric control circuitry 109. The electric control circuitry comprises a programmable microprocessor and a non-volatile memory and may include other electrical components as well. A puff detection system 111 in the form of a gas flow sensor is also provided in cooperation with the electric control circuitry 109. In the mouthpiece end, there is provided a liquid storage portion in the form of cartridge 113 containing liquid 115, a capillary wick 117 and a heater 119. Note that the heater is only shown schematically in FIG. 1. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, one end of capillary wick 117 extends into cartridge 113 and the other end of capillary wick 117 is surrounded by the heater 119. The heater is connected to the electric control circuitry via connections 121, which may pass along the outside of cartridge 113 (not shown in FIG. 1). The housing 101 also includes an air inlet 123, an air outlet 125 at the mouthpiece end, an aerosol-forming chamber 127, an LED indicator 129, a USB port 131 and a button 133.

[0073] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the electric control circuitry 109 and puff detection system 111 are programmable. The electric control circuitry 109 and puff detection system 111 are used to manage operation of the aerosol generating system. This assists with control of the particle size in the aerosol.

[0074] FIG. 1 shows one example of an electrically operated aerosol generating system according to the present invention. Many other examples are possible, however. In addition, note that FIG. 1 is schematic in nature. In particular, the components shown are not to scale either individually or relative to one another. The aerosol generating system needs to include or receive an aerosol-forming substrate. The aerosol generating system requires some sort of aerosol generating element, such as a heater or vibrating transducer, for generating aerosol from the aerosol-forming substrate. But other aspects of the system could be changed. For example, the overall shape and size of the housing could be altered. Moreover, the system may not include a capillary wick.

[0075] However, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the system does include a capillary wick for conveying liquid substrate from a storage portion to at least one heating element. The capillary wick can be made from a variety of porous or capillary materials and preferably has a known, pre-defined capillarity. Examples include ceramic- or graphite-based materials in the form of fibres or sintered powders. Wicks of different porosities can be used to accommodate different liquid physical properties such as density, viscosity, surface tension and vapour pressure. The wick must be suitable so that the required amount of liquid can be delivered to the heater. The heater may comprise at least one heating wire or filament extending around the capillary wick.

[0076] Alternatively, the heater may comprise a heating element that is arranged adjacent the wick or directly adjacent a liquid aerosol-forming substrate reservoir. In particular the heater may be a substantially flat. As used herein, “substantially flat” refers to a heater that is in the form of a substantially two dimensional topological manifold. Thus, the substantially flat heater extends in two dimensions along a surface substantially more than in a third dimension. In particular, the dimensions of the substantially heater in the two dimensions within the surface is at least 5 times larger than in the third dimension, normal to the surface. An example of a substantially flat heater is a structure between two substantially parallel surfaces, wherein the distance between these two surfaces is substantially smaller than the extension within the surfaces. In some embodiments, the substantially flat heater is planar. In other embodiments, the substantially flat heater is curved along one or more dimensions, for example forming a dome shape or bridge shape.

[0077] The heater may comprise a plurality of heater filaments. The term “filament” is used throughout the specification to refer to an electrical path arranged between two electrical contacts. A filament may arbitrarily branch off and diverge into several paths or filaments, respectively, or may converge from several electrical paths into one path. A filament may have a round, square, flat or any other form of cross-section. A filament may be arranged in a straight or curved manner.

[0078] The plurality of filaments may be an array of filaments, for example arranged parallel to each other. The filaments may form a mesh. The mesh may be woven or non-woven. The plurality of filaments may be positioned adjacent to or in contact with a capillary material holding the aerosol-forming substrate. The filaments may define interstices between the filaments and the interstices may have a width of between 10 μm and 100 μm. The filaments may give rise to capillary action in the interstices, so that in use, liquid to be vapourised is drawn into the interstices, increasing the contact area between the heater assembly and the liquid.

[0079] In one example, the heater comprises a mesh of filaments formed from 304L stainless steel. The filaments have a diameter of around 16 μm. The mesh is connected to electrical contacts that are separated from each other by a gap and are formed from a copper foil having a thickness of around 30 μm. The electrical contacts are provided on a polyimide substrate having a thickness of about 120 μm. The filaments forming the mesh define interstices between the filaments. The interstices in this example have a width of around 37 μm, although larger or smaller interstices may be used. Using a mesh of these approximate dimensions allows a meniscus of aerosol-forming substrate to be formed in the interstices, and for the mesh of the heater assembly to draw aerosol-forming substrate by capillary action. The heater is placed in contact with a capillary material holding a liquid aerosol-forming substrate. The capillary material is held within a rigid housing and the heater extends across an opening in the housing.

[0080] Referring again to the embodiment of FIG. 1, in use, operation is as follows. Liquid 115 is conveyed by capillary action from the cartridge 113 from the end of the wick 117 which extends into the cartridge to the other end of the wick which is surrounded by heater 119. When a user draws on the aerosol generating system at the air outlet 125, ambient air is drawn through air inlet 123. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, the puff detection system 111 senses the puff and activates the heater 119. The battery 107 supplies electrical energy to the heater 119 to heat the end of the wick 117 surrounded by the heater. The liquid in that end of the wick 117 is vaporized by the heater 119 to create a supersaturated vapour. At the same time, the liquid being vaporized is replaced by further liquid moving along the wick 117 by capillary action. (This is sometimes referred to as “pumping action”.) The supersaturated vapour created is mixed with and carried in the air flow from the air inlet 123. In the aerosol-forming chamber 127, the vapour condenses to form an inhalable aerosol, which is carried towards the outlet 125 and into the mouth of the user.

[0081] FIG. 2 illustrates the temporal profile 200 of a user puff. The air flow rate past the puff detection system is indicated on the y-axis and the time is indicated on the x-axis. The puff profile 200 has a complex shape, with two local maximum flow rates and a local minimum flow rate. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the puff can be characterised by many different parameters. For example the total duration of the puff is indicated by ΔT1, the time to the first local maximum is indicated by ΔT2, the time to the second local maximum is indicated by ΔT3, the time to the local minimum is ΔT4, the time between the maximum flow rate and the end of the puff is ΔT5 and the time between local maxima is ΔT6. Also indicated on FIG. 2 is the average flow rate during the puff and the rates of change of flow rate during the puff. Slope 1 is the rate of change of flow rate until the first local maximum, Slope 2 is the rate of change of flow rate between the first local maximum and the subsequent local minimum, Slope 3 is the rate of change of flow rate between the local minimum and the second local maximum and Slope 4 is the rate of change of flow rate between the second local maximum and the end of the puff. Also shown in FIG. 2 is the Peak flow 2 which is the value of the first local maximum flow and Peak flow 1 which is the value of the second local maximum flow and is the overall maximum flow rate during the puff. All of these parameters and more, such as the curvature of the plot or the total air volume of the puff (the area under the curve) can be used as parameters that characterise the puff and can be used in the authentication of a user or in order to determine an operational mode for the system.

[0082] In one embodiment, before use, the system is configured to carry out an authentication procedure so that only authorised users can operate the system. The authentication procedure is based on the user's puffing behaviour. In order to authenticate a user, the user must first record a user puff signature, which is a record of puffing behaviour over short but predetermined time period. FIG. 3 illustrates three exemplary puff signatures 300, 310, 320. The puff signatures may be recorded in the memory as flow rate measurements or alternatively may be stored as one or more parameters, of the type described above, extracted from the flow rate measurements. To be most distinctive a user may choose unusual and pronounced puffing behaviour as a signature, including several local flow rate peaks.

[0083] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a set-up procedure in which a user puff signature is recorded. In a first step 400 a set-up procedure is started. The set-up procedure may be started by holding down button 133 for at least 2 seconds. To avoid unauthorised users recording puff signatures, this may be possible only before the first use of the device or after a device reset has been carried out when the device is connected to a computer through the USB port 131. Once the set-up procedure has been started, in step 410 the controller 109 activates indicator 129 when it is ready to begin recording a puff signature. The user then puffs on the mouthpiece 125 and flow rate measurements are taken by the puff detector in step 420 for a predetermined period following the activation of the indicator 129. The flow rate measurements are stored in memory in step 430 as a puff signature. As explained, the puff signature can be stored as flow rate measurements or as one or more parameters extracted from the flow rate measurements using an algorithm executed by the microprocessor. The set-up procedure ends in step 440. The end of the set-up procedure can be indicated to the user by activating the LED 129 again.

[0084] As an alternative to the process of FIG. 4, a user puff signature may be recorded during first operation of the device, or the first few operations of the device, without requiring a set-up procedure. The natural puffing behaviour of a user may be unique enough to allow for authentication based on the first few moments of puffing. In that case, it may be particularly advantageous to continually update the user puff signature following each successful authentication. The greater the sample size on which the puff signature is based, the more reliable the authentication procedure is likely to be. Using the natural puffing behaviour of a user to generate a signature has the advantage of user convenience and minimises any delay between switching the device on and delivering aerosol to the user.

[0085] FIG. 5 illustrates how the user puff signature can be used in an authentication process. In step 500 a user switches the device on. In step 510 the device then provides an indication to the user that the authentication procedure should begin, for example by activating indicator 129. The device then begins recording flow rate measurements in step 520. In step 530 the controller extracts from the recorded flow rate measurements the parameters to be used for comparison with the user puff signature(s). This step can include determining when the user starts the authentication process by puffing on the mouthpiece and taking flow rate measurement data for a following predetermined time period, matching the time period of the user puff signature. In step 540 the controller performs correlation calculations between the parameters extracted in step 530 with the stored user puff signature. The correlation algorithm used will depend on the number and complexity of the parameters being used. The correlation calculations result in a correlation score, which may be a single numerical value. For example, the correlation score may be derived from a weighted sum of correlation results based on each parameter being compared, and the coefficients for the weighted sum may depend on the values of the correlation results.

[0086] In step 550 the correlation score is compared to a threshold value stored in memory. If the correlation score exceeds the threshold the recorded flow rate measurements are considered to be a sufficiently good match to the stored user puff signature that the user can be authenticated as the author of the puff signature. In that case the process passes to step 560 in which further operation of the device is enabled by the controller storing an enable flag in the memory, and the user can enjoy a smoking session. If the correlation score does not exceed the threshold then the process passes to step 570, in which the operation of the device is disabled for a disable T.sub.n before another attempt at authentication can be made by returning to step 510. The device may provide an indication to the user while the device is disabled, for example by controlling the indicator 129 to flash.

[0087] The disable time may be determined by an authentication counter value n. Each time an unsuccessful attempt is made to match a user puff signature the counter value is incremented by one. When a successful authentication is made the counter value is reset to one. As the value of n increases the disable time is increased, until n reaches a maximum value of 5 for example. At the maximum counter value the device is permanently disabled until a reset operation is performed. A reset operation can be made to require an alternative form of authentication. For example, the device may be connected to a computer through the USB port and the user required to enter a password or some other form of user identification into the computer in order to reset the device.

[0088] The device may store several user puff signatures in memory corresponding to different authorised users or different user profiles from the same user. When several user puff signatures are stored in memory the correlation calculation of step 540 are carried out in relation to each stored puff signature to provide a plurality of correlation scores. The highest correlation score is then selected for comparison with the threshold in step 550.

[0089] The operational parameters of the device, such as the amount of power supplied to the heater during user puffs and the times at which power is switched on and off, can be adjusted for particular users. So, once a user has been authenticated in step 550, the controller may select an operational mode associated with that user. For example, during a registration process, while the device is connected to a computer, the user may be able to set user preferences or may complete a questionnaire about their smoking habits. This information may be used to set a user profile that is stored in the memory of the device and which determines the operational parameters used by the device for that user. A single user may store several different profiles and provide a different puff signature for each one. So a user may use one puff signature for their preferences for smoking in the morning and another puff signature for their preferences for smoking when on a night out.

[0090] FIG. 6 illustrates another, related aspect of the invention. In the process of FIG. 6, rather than using a stored user specific puff signature to determine an operation mode for the device, previously recorded user puffing data is used to predict the course of the smoking session. If the initial puffing behaviour of a user matches the initial puffing behaviour of a previous session, then the device operation is optimised on the assumption that the user puffing behaviour will continue to match that earlier smoking session.

[0091] In step 600 a smoking session is started. This may be after an authentication process of the type described with reference to FIG. 5 has been carried out. During the first user puff the gas flow rate past the gas flow sensor is recorded. In step 620 particular parameters for comparison with stored data are extracted from the gas flow rate measurements, in the same manner as described with step 530 of FIG. 5. In step 630 the extracted parameters are correlated to the parameters extracted from previous smoking sessions to provide a plurality of correlation scores. The correlation score corresponding to the best match is selected and in step 640 the mode of operation of the device selected based on the assumption that the user puff behaviour will match the previous puff behaviour associated with the matched parameters. The mode selection operation ends at step 650.

[0092] It is of course possible that the stored data in the process of FIG. 6 is not user specific but generic data stored in memory at the time of manufacture. The device could have several stored profiles, such as “intense puffing”, “short puffing”, “long puffing” etc. associated with particular initial puffing parameters. The profile having the best match to the initial puffing behaviour of the user is then selected.

[0093] FIG. 7 the components of an alternative embodiment of an electrically heated aerosol-generating device 700 are shown in a simplified manner. The embodiment of FIG. 7 is electrically heated tobacco device in which a tobacco based solid substrate is heated, but not combusted, to produce an aerosol for inhalation. The elements of the electrically heated aerosol-generating device 700 are not drawn to scale in FIG. 7. Elements that are not relevant for the understanding of this embodiment have been omitted to simplify FIG. 7.

[0094] The electrically heated aerosol-generating device 700 comprises a housing 703 and an aerosol-forming substrate 710, for example a cigarette. The aerosol-forming substrate 710 is pushed inside a cavity 705 formed by the housing 703 to come into thermal proximity with the heater 701. The aerosol-forming substrate 710 releases a range of volatile compounds at different temperatures. By controlling the operation temperature of the electrically heated aerosol-generating device 700 to be below the release temperature of some of the volatile compounds, the release or formation of these smoke constituents can be avoided.

[0095] Within the housing 703 there is an electrical energy supply 707, for example a rechargeable lithium ion battery. A controller 709 is connected to the heater 701, the electrical energy supply 707, and a user interface 715, for example a button and display. The controller 709 controls the power supplied to the heater 701 in order to regulate its temperature. An aerosol-forming substrate detector 713 may detect the presence and identity of an aerosol-forming substrate 710 in thermal proximity with the heater 701 and signals the presence of an aerosol-forming substrate 710 to the controller 709. The provision of a substrate detector is optional.

[0096] An airflow sensor 711 is provided within the housing and connected to the controller 709, to detect the airflow rate through the device.

[0097] The controller 709 controls the maximum operation temperature of the heater 701 by regulating the supply of power to the heater. The temperature of the heater can be detected by a dedicated temperature sensor. Alternatively, in the illustrated embodiment the temperature of the heater is determined by monitoring its electrical resistivity. The electrical resistivity of a length of wire is dependent on its temperature. Resistivity ρ increases with increasing temperature. The actual resistivity ρ characteristic will vary depending on the exact composition of the alloy and the geometrical configuration of the heater 701, and an empirically determined relationship can be used in the controller. Thus, knowledge of resistivity ρ at any given time can be used to deduce the actual operation temperature of the heater 701.

[0098] In the described embodiment the heater 701 is an electrically resistive track or tracks deposited on a ceramic substrate. The ceramic substrate is in the form of a blade and is inserted into the aerosol-forming substrate 710 in use.

[0099] The recording of a puff signature and extraction of puff characteristics in the system of FIG. 7 operates in the same way as described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. However, with the addition of a substrate detector 713 it is possible to use information about the substrate to modify the correlation process to account for different resistances to draw (RTD) that different substrates provide. Substrates with higher RTD will give rise to lower gas flow rates through the system for a given user effort.

[0100] Although the invention has been described with reference to two different types of electrical smoking systems, it should be clear that it is applicable to other inhaling devices.

[0101] It should also be clear that the invention may be implemented as a computer program product for execution on programmable controllers within existing inhaling devices having a gas flow sensor. The computer program product may be provided as a downloadable piece of software or on a computer readable medium such as a compact disc.