SEISMIC ISOLATION APPARATUS

Abstract

A vibration isolation apparatus 1 includes: a laminated elastic body 8 in which elastic layers 3 and rigid layers 7 are alternately laminated and a circularly columnar body 14 which is constituted by damping bodies 12 press-fitted in a circularly columnar hollow portion 11 of the laminated elastic body 8, wherein each of the damping bodies 12 contains a thermally conductive filler, a graphite, and a thermosetting resin.

Claims

1. A seismic isolation apparatus comprising: a laminated elastic body in which rigid layers and elastic layers are alternately laminated and a columnar body constituted by a damping body and disposed in at least one columnar hollow portion defined by an inner peripheral surface of at least said laminated elastic body, wherein the damping body contains a thermally conductive filler, a graphite, and a thermosetting resin.

2. A seismic isolation apparatus comprising: a laminated elastic body in which rigid layers and elastic layers are alternately laminated and a columnar body which is disposed in at least one columnar hollow portion defined by an inner peripheral surface of at least said laminated elastic body and is constituted by a plurality of damping bodies laminated in an axial direction of the columnar hollow portion, wherein the damping body contains a thermally conductive filler, a graphite, and a thermosetting resin.

3. The seismic isolation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the damping body contains 35 to 70 vol. % of the thermally conductive filler, 5 to 50 vol. % of the graphite, and 10 to 30 vol. % of the thermosetting resin.

4. The seismic isolation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive filler includes one kind or two or more kinds of particles of a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a metal carbide, and a metal hydroxide.

5. The seismic isolation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the graphite is constituted by at least one of an artificial graphite and a natural graphite.

6. The seismic isolation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the thermosetting resin includes a phenolic resin.

7. The seismic isolation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the damping body further contains at least one of a rubber powder and a crystalline polyester resin.

8. The seismic isolation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the damping body contains at least one of not more than 40 vol. % of the rubber powder and not more than 25 vol. % of the crystalline polyester resin.

9. The seismic isolation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the rubber powder is constituted by at least one of a vulcanized rubber powder and a silicone rubber powder.

10. The seismic isolation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said columnar body is adapted to support a load in a laminated direction together with said laminated elastic body.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] FIG. 1 is an explanatory vertical cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a seismic isolation apparatus in accordance with the present invention;

[0035] FIG. 2 is an explanatory plan view of a laminated elastic body in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

[0036] FIG. 3 is an explanatory perspective view of a circularly columnar body in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

[0037] FIG. 4 is a view explaining the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

[0038] FIG. 5 is an explanatory view illustrating the relationship between horizontal displacement and horizontal load in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

[0039] FIG. 6 is an explanatory view illustrating test results on the relationship between horizontal displacement and horizontal load in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 at a vertical bearing pressure of 15 MPa;

[0040] FIG. 7 is an explanatory view illustrating test results on the relationship between the number of vibrations and the yield load retention ratio; and

[0041] FIG. 8 is an explanatory view illustrating test results on the relationship between the number of vibrations and the yield load retention ratio.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0042] Next, a more detailed description will be given of the present invention on the basis of the preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawings. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.

[0043] In FIGS. 1 to 3, a seismic isolation apparatus 1 in accordance with the present invention is comprised of a circularly cylindrical laminated elastic body 8 in which a plurality of elastic layers 3 formed of elastic plates 2 made of annular rubber or the like and a plurality of rigid layers 7 having thin-walled rigid steel plates 4 and thick-walled rigid steel plates 5 and 6, which are formed of annular rigid metal plates or the like, are alternately laminated by being vulcanized to each other; a circularly cylindrical cladding layer 9 for cladding the outer peripheral surface of the laminated elastic body 8; a circularly columnar body 14 which is press-fitted in a circularly columnar hollow portion 11 defined by a circularly columnar inner peripheral surface 10 of the laminated elastic body 8 and is formed of a plurality of disk-like (circular plate-shaped) damping bodies 12 tightly laminated in an axial direction (vertical direction) V of the circularly columnar hollow portion 11; an upper flange plate 15 and a lower flange plate 16 respectively connected to the thick-walled rigid steel plates 5 and 6 by bolts 13; and disk-like (circular plate-shaped) shear keys 17 for respectively fixing the upper flange plate 15 and the lower flange plate 16, on the one hand, and the thick-walled rigid steel plates 5 and 6, on the other hand, to each other in a shearing direction (horizontal direction) H at an upper surface and a lower surface of corresponding ones of the damping bodies 12 which are located at an upper end and a lower end of the circularly columnar hollow portion 11. The circularly columnar hollow portion 11 with the plurality of damping bodies 12 disposed therein by being densely stacked in multiple layers is defined by, in addition to the inner peripheral surface 10, an upper surface 18 of the lower shear key 17 and a lower surface 19 of the upper shear key 17.

[0044] The thick-walled rigid steel plates 5 and 6 with the elastic layer 3 and the thin-walled rigid steel plates 4 sandwiched therebetween in the axial direction V are respectively disposed on the upper and lower end face sides of the laminated elastic body 8, and the damping body 12 located at a lowermost end of the circularly columnar hollow portion 11 is disposed in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the thick-walled rigid steel plate 6 defining the lower end portion of the circularly columnar hollow portion 11, while the damping body 12 located at an uppermost end of the circularly columnar hollow portion 11 is disposed in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the thick-walled rigid steel plate 5 defining the upper end portion of the circularly columnar hollow portion 11.

[0045] Each damping body 12 is defined by one circular end face 20, another circular end face 21 opposing the one end face 20, and a circularly cylindrical side surface 22 bridging the one end face 20 and the other end face 21. The one end face 20 of the damping body 12 located at the uppermost end is in close contact with the lower surface 19 of the upper shear key 17 fitted to the respective ones of the upper flange plate 15 and the thick-walled rigid steel plate 5 in a circular recess 25 of the upper flange plate 15, on the one hand, and in a circular recess 26 of the thick-walled rigid steel plate 5, on the other hand. Meanwhile, the other end face 21 of the damping body 12 located at the lowermost end is in close contact with the upper surface 18 of the lower shear key 17 fitted to the respective ones of the lower flange plate 16 and the thick-walled rigid steel plate 6 in a circular recess 27 of the lower flange plate 16, on the one hand, and in a circular recess 28 of the thick-walled rigid steel plate 6, on the other hand. Each of the other damping bodies 12 excluding the damping bodies 12 located at the uppermost end and the lowermost end is in close contact with the other end face 21 and the one end face 20 of the adjacent damping bodies 12. Each of the damping bodies 12 is adapted to absorb the energy of shear (flexural) deformation by the relative shear deformation of the other end face 21 with respect to the one end face 20 in the horizontal direction H which is a parallel direction to the one end face 20, to thereby attenuate the shear deformation.

[0046] Such a seismic isolation apparatus 1 is fixed such that the upper flange plate 15 side is connected to a superstructure 31 and the lower flange plate 16 side is connected to a foundation 32 which is a substructure by means of bolts 33, respectively. Thus, the seismic isolation apparatus 1 disposed between the superstructure 31 and the foundation 32 is adapted to support the load of the superstructure 31 in the laminated direction (vertical direction) V by the laminated elastic body 8 and the circularly columnar body 14.

[0047] Each of the damping bodies 12 basically contains a thermally conductive filler, a graphite, and a thermosetting resin which mainly functions as an adhesiveness imparting agent.

[0048] The respective damping bodies 12 are fabricated as follows: A thermally conductive filler, a scaly graphite as a graphite, and a thermosetting resin powder, or components in which at least one of a rubber powder and a crystalline polyester resin is further added to those components are weighed to a predetermined ratio of amounts, and they are charged into an agitating mixer such as a mixer and are agitated and mixed uniformly. This mixture is charged into a kneader, and is heated and kneaded. The damping body material thus heated and kneaded is filled into a circularly columnar hollow portion of a mold heated to a temperature of from 80 to 150° C., and is subjected to compression molding under a molding pressure of 10 to 100 N/mm.sup.2. After the compression molding, the damping body material is gradually cooled while maintaining the pressurized state in the circularly columnar hollow portion of the mold, and is then removed from the circularly columnar hollow portion of the mold.

[0049] To manufacture the seismic isolation apparatus 1 having the circularly columnar body 14 formed by stacking the disk-like (circular plate-shaped) damping bodies 12 in multiple layers, the elastic plates 2 formed of annular rubber plates or the like each having a circular hole in a central portion and the thin-walled rigid steel plates 4 formed of annular rigid metal plates or the like each having a circular hole in a central portion are alternately laminated, the thick-walled rigid steel plates 5 and 6 formed of annular rigid metal plates or the like each having a circular hole in a central portion are disposed on the lowermost surface and the uppermost surface of the laminated assembly, and these are fixed to each other by vulcanization under pressure in a mold, to thereby prepare the circularly cylindrical laminated elastic body 8 having the circularly columnar hollow portion 11 in a central portion. Subsequently, the plurality of disk-like (circular plate-shaped) damping bodies 12 are press-fitted and laminated in the circularly columnar hollow portion 11 so as to form in the circularly columnar hollow portion 11 the circularly columnar body 14 constituted by the plurality of disk-like (circular plate-shaped) damping bodies 12. The press-fitting of the damping bodies 12 is effected by consecutively pressing each of the plurality of disk-like (circular plate-shaped) damping bodies 12 into the circularly columnar hollow portion 11 by a hydraulic ram or the like such that gaps are not produced for the disk-like (circular plate-shaped) damping bodies 12 with respect to the inner peripheral surface 10 of the laminated elastic body 8. After the press-fitting of the damping bodies 12, the shear keys 17 are respectively disposed at the lower end portion and the upper end portion of the circularly columnar hollow portion 11 such that the upper surface 18 thereof and the lower surface 19 thereof are respectively brought into contact with the one end face 20 of the damping body 12 located at the lowermost end and with the other end face 21 of the damping body 12 without a gap, and the upper and lower flange plates 15 and 16 are respectively mounted on the thick-walled rigid steel plates 5 and 6 by means of the bolts 13. It should be noted that, in the formation of the laminated elastic body 8 by vulcanization under pressure in the mold, the cladding layer 9 formed of rubber or the like may be integrally formed on the elastic layers 3 formed of the elastic plates 2 in such a manner as to cover the outer peripheral surfaces of the thin-walled rigid steel plates 4 and the thick-walled rigid steel plates 5 and 6.

[0050] With the seismic isolation apparatus 1, the plurality of disk-like (circular plate-shaped) damping bodies 12 stacked in multiple layers along the axial direction of the circularly columnar hollow portion 11 are press-fitted in the circularly columnar hollow portion 11, and when the superstructure 31 is moved in the horizontal direction H with respect to the foundation 32 owing to vibration, impact, or the like and is subjected to a shearing force in the horizontal direction H, as shown in FIG. 4, the damping bodies 12 undergo shear deformation in the horizontal direction H together with the laminated elastic body 8 and absorbs the vibrational energy in the horizontal direction H, thereby making it possible to speedily attenuate the external force such as vibration and impact. The seismic isolation apparatus 1 having the circularly columnar body 14, in which the disk-like (circular plate-shaped) damping bodies 12 manufactured from the damping body material constituted of the thermally conductive filler, the scaly graphite as the graphite, and the thermosetting resin, or from the damping body material in which at least one of the rubber powder and the crystalline polyester resin is added to those components are stacked in multiple layers and press-fitted in the circularly columnar hollow portion 11, exhibits characteristics of stable strain dependence, temperature dependence, and bearing pressure dependence, and displays stable performance with respect to repeated vibration in long-period earthquakes.

EXAMPLES

Example 1 to Example 10

[0051] A thermally conductive filler, a scaly graphite as a graphite, and a phenolic resin as a thermosetting resin, or components in which at least one of a rubber powder and a crystalline polyester resin was added to those components were weighed to compounding ratios (vol. %) shown in Table 1 and Table 2, and they were charged into an agitating mixer such as a mixer. A mixture obtained by uniformly agitating and mixing them was charged into a kneader heated to a temperature of 120° C. and was kneaded while being heated, thereby fabricating the damping body material. This damping body material was filled into the circularly columnar hollow portion of a mold heated to a temperature of 120° C., and was subjected to compression molding under a molding pressure of 60 N/mm.sup.2. After the compression molding, the damping body material was gradually cooled in the circularly columnar hollow portion of the mold while maintaining the pressurized state, and after it was cooled down to room temperature, a 10 mm-long disk-like (circular plate-shaped) damping body 12 having a diameter φ of 50 mm was taken out from the circularly columnar hollow portion of the mold.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Examples 1 2 3 4 5 6 <thermally conductive filler> av. particle dia. MgO 10 μm 25.9 23.3 23.3 50 μm 39.1 35.1 35.1 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 10 μm 25.9 23.3 50 μm 39.1 35.1 Si.sub.3N.sub.4 10 μm 25.9 SiC 10 μm 39.1 <Scaly graphite> av. particle dia.: 650 μm 16.9 16.9 16.9 15.2 15.2 15.2 <Thermosetting resin> Phenolic resin 18.1 18.1 18.1 16.2 16.2 16.2 <Rubber powder> Vulcanized rubber 10.2 9.8 Silicone resin 10.2 <Crystalline polyester resin> Damping property Qd (at the time of 200% strain) kN 24.2 23.4 23.8 25.3 25.8 22.6 Bearing pressure Vertical bearing pressure P  5 MPa 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 dependence 10 MPa 1.28 1.30 1.36 1.46 1.48 1.32 (ratio with 15 MPa 1.60 1.61 1.63 1.92 1.90 1.64 5 MPa) 20 MPa 1.82 1.95 1.90 2.31 2.34 2.00

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Examples 7 8 9 10 <thermally conductive filler> av. particle dia. MgO 10 μm 24.8 23.3 50 μm 37.4 35.1 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 10 μm 23.3 50 μm 35.1 Si.sub.3N.sub.4 10 μm 29.2 SiC 10 μm 29.2 <Scaly graphite> av. particle dia.: 650 μm 15.2 16.2 14.6 14.6 <Thermosetting resin> Phenolic resin 16.2 17.3 15.6 15.6 <Rubber powder> Vulcanized rubber 10.2 9.8 9.8 Silicone resin <Crystalline polyester resin> 4.3 3.9 3.9 Damping property Qd (at the time of 200% 22.8 23.2 23.6 24.2 strain) kN Bearing pressure Vertical bearing 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 dependence pressure P 5 MPa (ratio with 5 10 MPa 1.36 1.32 1.46 1.32 MPa) 15 MPa 1.63 1.52 1.92 1.74 20 MPa 1.96 1.84 2.31 2.02

[0052] Then, 23 thin-walled rigid steel plates 4 having an outside diameter of 250 mm and a thickness of 1.4 mm and having rigidity and 24 elastic plates (vulcanized natural rubber: shear modulus of elasticity of rubber G=0.4 N/mm.sup.2) 2 having the same outside diameter of 250 mm and a thickness of 2.0 mm and having elasticity were alternately laminated. Further, the pair of thick-walled rigid steel plates 5 and 6, which each had the same outside diameter of 250 mm and a thickness of 25 mm and respectively had the circular recesses 26 and 28 having a diameter of 70 mm, were respectively disposed on the lower surface and the upper surface of the laminated assembly. Subsequently, 11 disk-like (circular plate-shaped) damping bodies 12 obtained in Examples 1 to 10 and having a diameter of 50 mm a thickness of 10 mm were stacked and press-fitted without a gap into the circularly columnar hollow portion 11 in the central portion of the laminated elastic body (height: 130.2 mm; outside diameter: 250 mm) 8 which was obtained by fixing the aforementioned members to each other by vulcanization under pressure in the mold having an inside diameter of 260 mm and which was cladded with the circularly cylindrical cladding layer 9 with a height of 130.2 mm and a radial thickness of 5 mm, thereby fabricating the seismic isolation apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1.

[0053] With regard to the damping performance, the bearing pressure dependence, and the yield load retention ratio of the seismic isolation apparatus 1, an evaluation was made by the method described below.

<Damping Performance>

[0054] In a state in which respective vertical bearing pressure P of 5 MPa, 10 MPa, 15 MPa, and 20 MPa was being applied to the seismic isolation apparatus 1 in the vertical direction, the seismic isolation apparatus 1 was vibrated at a vibration frequency of 0.33 Hz in the horizontal direction H to cause a horizontal shear deformation (±48 mm=±100% shear strain). In FIG. 5 illustrating the relationship (horizontal restoring force characteristics diagram) between the horizontal displacement (abscissa axis δ) of the upper end of the seismic isolation apparatus 1 with respect to the lower end thereof and the horizontal load (horizontal force) (ordinate axis Q) of the seismic isolation apparatus 1, it is meant that the wider the area ΔW of the region surrounded by the hysteresis curve (solid line), the more the vibrational energy can be absorbed. Here, an evaluation was made of the damping performance of the circularly columnar body 14 by an intercept load (yield load) Qd (a value calculated from Formula: Qd=(Qd1+|Qd.sup.2|)/2 by using horizontal loads Qd1 and |Qd2| at a point of intersection of the hysteresis curve with the ordinate axis Q) in the horizontal shear deformation, i.e., ±100% shear strain (the greater the intercept load Qd, the wider the area of the region surrounded by the hysteresis curve, which shows that the more the damping performance excels).

<Bearing Pressure Dependence>

[0055] The vertical bearing pressure (vertical load) P of 5 MPa, 10 MPa, 15 MPa, and 20 MPa mentioned earlier was respectively applied to the seismic isolation apparatus 1 to determine the intercept load Qd at each vertical bearing pressure P, the change of the intercept load Qd due to each vertical bearing pressure P of 10 MPa, 15 MPa, and 20 MPa was calculated by a radio (multiplying factor) with the intercept load Qd at the vertical bearing pressure of 5 MPa set as 1.00, and the bearing pressure dependence was evaluated by this ratio. The seismic isolation apparatus 1 in which this ratio increases with an increase in the vertical bearing pressure P generates an intercept load Qd corresponding to the vertical bearing pressure P, and has the characteristics of being able to exhibit a vibration isolating effect corresponding to superstructures varying in the load which is supported.

[0056] As can be appreciated from Tables 1 and 2, which illustrate test results on bearing surface dependence, with the seismic isolation apparatuses 1 respectively having the circularly columnar body 14 constituted of the damping body materials shown in Tables 1 and 2, the intercept load Qd increased with an increase in the vertical bearing pressure P, specifically such that the ratio between the intercept load Q at each vertical bearing surface P and the intercept load at the vertical bearing pressure of 5 MPa was 1.28 to 1.48 at 10 MPa, i.e., two times the vertical bearing pressure P of 5 MPa, was 1.52 to 1.92 at 15 MPa, i.e., three times the vertical bearing pressure P of 5 MPa, and was 1.82 to 2.31 at 20 MPa, i.e., four times the vertical bearing pressure P of 5 MPa; thus, the value of the intercept load Qd increased in correspondence with the vertical bearing pressure P, making it possible to obtain a vibration isolating effect corresponding to the loading capacity, i.e., the vertical bearing pressure P. FIG. 6 illustrates test results (hysteresis curves) on the horizontal restoring force characteristics, i.e., the relationship between the horizontal displacement 8 (mm) and the horizontal load (horizontal force) Q (kN) in the seismic isolation apparatus 1 having the circularly columnar body 14 shown in Example 6.

[0057] The ratio between the intercept load at the vertical bearing pressure of 5 MPa and the intercept load at each vertical bearing pressure of 10 MPa, 15 MPa, and 20 MPa in a seismic isolation apparatus having a circularly columnar lead (lead plug) in substitution for the circularly columnar body 14 was 1.02 at the vertical bearing pressure of 10 MPa, 1.04 at the vertical bearing pressure of 15 MPa, and 1.06 at the vertical bearing pressure of 20 MPa, so that with the seismic isolation apparatus having the lead plug, even if the load which was supported differed, the intercept load did not practically change, and therefore the seismic isolation apparatus with such a lead plug press-fitted therein is inferior to the seismic isolation apparatuses 1 of the present Examples in the light of the bearing pressure dependence which exhibits the vibration isolating effect corresponding to superstructures different in the load.

<Number of Vibrations and Retention Rate of Energy Absorbing Performance (Yield Load Retention Ratio)>

[0058] A test was conducted in which the seismic isolation apparatus 1 was subjected to repeated vibration (1) at a horizontal deformation rate of 100% and at 0.1 Hz and (2) at a horizontal deformation rate of 300% and at 0.33 Hz, and the retention rate of energy absorbing performance was determined as the yield load retention ratio (=Qdn/Qd1, where Qd1 is the value of the intercept load Qd in a first vibration, and Qdn is the value of the intercept load Qd in an n-th vibration).

[0059] In a 4-cycle vibration test at the horizontal deformation rate of 100% and at the frequency of 0.1 Hz, from the test results shown in FIG. 7 a large difference in performance was noted between the seismic isolation apparatuses of Example 9 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. However, in a 10-cycle vibration test at the horizontal deformation rate of 300% and at the frequency of 0.33 Hz, it can be appreciated from the test results shown in FIG. 8 that, in the case of the seismic isolation apparatus 1 of Example 9, the rate of change of the yield load is small, and the performance is stable with respect to repeated vibration in long-period earthquakes.

[0060] The seismic isolation apparatus of Comparative Example 1 used in the test was a seismic isolation apparatus in which, in substitution of the circularly columnar body 14, a lead plug was press-fitted in the circularly columnar hollow portion 11 in the central portion of the laminated elastic body 8, while the seismic isolation apparatus of Comparative Example 2 was a seismic isolation apparatus in which, in substitution of the lead plug, a circularly columnar body obtained by compression-molding a damping body material constituted of a thermally conductive filler, a scaly graphite, a vulcanized rubber powder, a crystalline polyester resin, and a coumarone resin was press-fitted.

[0061] It should be noted that confirmation was made that similar effects to those described above can be obtained also by the seismic isolation apparatus 1 in which the circularly columnar body 14 constituted by a single damping body 12 is press-fitted in the circularly columnar hollow portion 11.

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0062] 1: seismic isolation apparatus [0063] 2: elastic plate [0064] 3: elastic layer [0065] 4: thin-walled rigid steel plate [0066] 5, 6: thick-walled rigid steel plate [0067] 7: rigid layer [0068] 8: laminated elastic body [0069] 9: cladding layer [0070] 10: inner peripheral surface [0071] 11: circularly columnar hollow portion [0072] 12: damping body [0073] 14: circularly columnar body