Abstract
A recoil-damping device for a gun, in particular for fastening onto or in a buttstock of the gun, having a rear part and a front part which are movable towards one another against the force of at least one damping element. A locking device acting between rear part and front part is provided, which in a locking position blocks a relative movement between the rear and front part and in a release position allows a relative movement between the rear and front parts. A triggering element which can be activated by a shock pulse is further provided, which in a holding position holds the locking device in the locking position and in an active position releases the locking device into the release position. The triggering element and/or at least a part of the locking device is pivotable as a result of the shock pulse.
Claims
1. A recoil-damping device for a gun, having a rear part and a front part which are movable towards one another against the force of at least one damping element, wherein a locking device acting between the rear part and the front part is provided, which locking device in a locking position blocks a relative movement between the rear part and the front part and in a release position allows the relative movement between the rear part and the front part, wherein a triggering element which is activated by means of a shock pulse is provided, which in a holding position holds the locking device in the locking position and in an active position releases the locking device into the release position, wherein the triggering element and/or at least a part of the locking device is configured to be pivotable as a result of the shock pulse.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein in the locking position of the locking device the triggering element, in a contact region, is in engagement with the locking device to form a line contact or point contact.
3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the line contact or point contact is formed by two mutually opposite rotatably mounted elements which are circular about a respective axis of rotation in a circumferential direction.
4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the rotatably mounted elements are rollers and/or balls arranged on the triggering element and/or on the locking device.
5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the locking device comprises a receiving element, and a pivot arm wherein the receiving element is mounted on the front part and the pivot arm is mounted on the rear part or the receiving element is mounted on the rear part and the pivot arm is mounted on the front part, wherein the which pivot arm engages in the receiving element in the locking position, and wherein the pivot arm is in engagement with the triggering element in the locking position.
6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the receiving element is a recess in the front part or rear part, wherein characterized for engagement in the recess, the pivot arm comprises one of the rotatably mounted elements which is provided for line contact or point contact with the triggering element on an end of the triggering element facing the receiving element.
7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the triggering element is pre-tensioned into the holding position by means of a first pre-tensioning element, and wherein the pivot arm is pre-tensioned into the locking position by means of a second pre-tensioning element.
8. (canceled)
9. The device according to claim 6, wherein the triggering element is configured to be pivotable about a pivot axis and has a different mass above and below the pivot axis.
10. The device according to claim 9, wherein triggering element comprises one of the rotatably mounted elements and the pivot arm comprises another one of the rotatably mounted elements, and wherein in the holding position of the triggering element, the pivot axis of the triggering element and the two axes of rotation of the rotatably mounted elements of the triggering element and the pivot arm are arranged in a line.
11. The device according to claim 7, wherein the triggering element is configured as a delay element displaceably substantially in a direction of the relative movement between the rear part and the front part.
12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the triggering element is received at least with a partially spherical end region in a guide sleeve pivotably and displaceably.
13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the first pre-tensioning element is received in the guide sleeve.
14. The device according to claim 11, wherein the triggering element comprises one of the rotatably mounted elements and the pivot arm comprises another one of the rotatably mounted elements. and wherein the axes of rotation of the rotatably mounted elements of the triggering element and the pivot arm, in the holding position of the triggering element, are arranged in a line with an axis of rotation of an additional rotatably mounted element, which additional element is in engagement with the rotatably mounted element of the triggering element opposite a contact point between the rotatably mounted element of the triggering element and the rotatably mounted element of the pivot arm.
15. The device according to claim 14, wherein a limiting device is provided which stops the displacement of the triggering element pre-tensioned by the first pre-tensioning element at the position of the linear arrangement of the axes of rotation, and wherein the additional rotatably mounted element is a roller or ball.
16. The device according to claim 1, wherein guide rollers guiding the relative movement between the rear part and the front part are provided.
17. The device according to claim 16, wherein the guide rollers are mounted on the rear part and engage in guide grooves or guide rails in or on the front part or wherein the guide rollers are mounted on the front part and engage in guide grooves or guide rails in or on the rear part.
18. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rear part or the front part has a longitudinally directed indentation running in the direction of the relative movement between the rear part and the front part, which indentation receives the damping element acting with one end the rear part and acting with the other end on the front part.
19. The device according to claim 1, wherein the damping element is a spring.
20. The device according to claim 19, wherein the damping element is a helical spring.
21. The device according to claim 1, wherein the recoil-damping device is fastened onto or in a buttstock of the gun, and wherein the gun is a handgun.
Description
[0037] FIG. 1 shows a recoil-damping device 1 for a gun, for fastening on or in a buttstock of the gun, the buttstock serving as the rest of the gun on the shoulder of a shooter and is not shown. The recoil-damping device 1 comprises a rear part 2 and a front part 3 which are movable against one another against the force of a damping element 4, in the present example a helical spring. The rear part 2 which is more distant to the barrel of the gun than the front part 3, and the front part 3 can be installed in a buttstock of the gun which buttstock consists of parts which can be displaced with respect to/against one another. Alternatively, if e.g. the gun has no buttstock consisting of parts which can be displaced with respect to one another, it can be retrofitted with the recoil-damping device 1 by mounting the front part 3 on the rear-side end of the buttstock. A locking device 5 is provided between the rear part 2 and the front part 3 which locking device 5, in a locking position shown in FIG. 1 blocks a relative movement between rear part 2 and front part 3 and in a release position shown in FIG. 3, allows a relative movement between rear part 2 and front part 3. In the rest state of the gun, as long as no shot is released, the locking device 5 is in the locking position in order to prevent an unintentional compression of the damping element 4. The locking device 5 has an angled substantially L-shaped pivot arm 6 with a pivot axis 6a and a receiving element 7, in particular a recess. Whilst the receiving element 7 is formed in or on the front part 3, the pivot arm 6 is mounted by means of the pivot axis 6a on the rear part 2 and engages in the receiving element 7 in the locking position. For engagement in the receiving element 7, the pivot arm 6 has on its end 6b facing the receiving element 7 an element 8, mounted rotatably and which is circular about its axis of rotation 8b in the circumferential direction, in particular a roller or ball 8a. At the other end 6c, the pivot arm 6 is connected to a second pre-tensioning element 9, for example, a spring, with the result that the pivot arm 6 is pre-tensioned into the locking position. The receiving element 7 has an obliquely running surface or edge 7a along which the roller or ball 8a of the pivot arm 6 can roll.
[0038] In order to be able to release the locking device 5 from the locking position as a result of the firing of a shot, a triggering element 10 which can be activated by means of a shock pulse is provided which in a holding position shown in FIG. 1 holds the locking device 5 in the locking position and in an active position shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 releases the transition of the locking device 5 into the release position. In order to achieve a transition as smooth as possible from the locking position into the release position, both at least a part of the locking device 5, in particular the pivot arm 6 and also the triggering element 10 are configured to be pivotable as a result of the shock pulse triggered by the recoil of the fired gun. The triggering element 10 has a pivot axis l0a for this purpose. In order that the triggering element 10 pivots automatically as a result of the shock pulse, it has different mass above and below the pivot axis 10a, i.e. the mass centre of gravity of the triggering element 10 is arranged either above or below the pivot axis 10a. The different mass in relation to a pivoting of the part 10b of the triggering element 10 arranged above the pivot axis l0a compared to the part 10c of the triggering element 10 arranged below the pivot axis l0a can be achieved by different weight and/or different shaping of the two parts 10b, 10c. It is essential that the more inert part, in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3, the upper part 10b, executes a delayed movement in the recoil direction R as a result of the shock pulse with the result that the triggering element 10 pivots about the pivot axis l0a into the active position and thereby releases the locking device 5. In order that the triggering element 10 automatically returns into its original holding position after the recoil damping has taken place, the triggering element 10 is pre-tensioned into the holding position by means of a first pre-tensioning element 11, see FIG. 4. For an engagement of the triggering element 10 with the locking device 5, in particular the pivot arm 6, which engagement is produceable and releaseable again in smooth-running way, in the locking position of the locking device 5 the triggering element 10 is in engagement with the locking device 5 in a contact area 12 forming a line contact or point contact. The line contact or point contact is formed by means of an element 13 which is circular about its axis of rotation 13b in the circumferential direction and mounted rotatably, in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 a roller or ball 13a, and by means of the opposite roller or ball 8a of the pivot arm 6. In order on the one hand to reliably hold the pivot arm 6 in the locking position by means of the triggering element 10 and on the other hand in order to be able to smoothly release the engagement between the pivot arm 6 and the receiving element 7, in the holding position of the triggering element 10, the pivot axis 10a of the triggering element 10 and the two axes of rotation 8b, 13b of the rollers or balls 8a, 13a are arranged in a line.
[0039] For a low-friction guided relative movement between the rear part 2 and the front part 3 guide rollers 13d, 13e and 13f mounted on the rear part 3 are provided which engage in guide grooves or guide rails 14a, 14b in or on the front part 3.
[0040] As can be additionally seen from FIGS. 1 to 4, the front part 3 has a longitudinally directed indentation or recess 15 running in the direction X of the relative movement between rear part 2 and front part 3, which indentation or recess 15 receives the damping element 4 acting with one end 16a on the rear part 2 and with the other end 16b on the front part 3. The indentation 15 runs parallel to the direction X of the relative movement.
[0041] FIGS. 1 and 4 show the recoil-damping device 1 in the rest state in which the locking device 5 is in the locking position and is held in the locking position by the triggering element 10 so that no relative movement takes place between rear part 2 and front part 3.
[0042] FIG. 2 shows the recoil-damping device 1 on transition into a damping process as a result of a firing. As a result of the shock pulse in the recoil direction R, caused by the firing, substantially only with the exception of the more inert upper part 10b of the triggering element 10, the entire gun is pushed backwards so that the triggering element 10 is pivoted from the holding position into the active position and here rolls on the roller or ball 8a of the pivot arm 6. As soon as the upper part 10b of the triggering element 10 has pivoted sufficiently in the direction of the front part 3, in order to release the engagement between the triggering element 10 and the pivot arm 6, the transition of the locking device 5 into the release position is released.
[0043] FIG. 3 shows the recoil-damping device 1 in a state at the end of the damping process. After the transition of the locking device 5 into the release position has been released by the triggering element 10, the roller or ball 8a of the pivot arm 6 rolls on the obliquely running surface or edge 7a of the receiving element 7 and the front part 3 is moved towards the rear part 2 supported by the shoulder of the shooter, whereby the damping element 4 is compressed. Thereafter the damping element 4 relaxes again with the result that the front part 3 moves away from the rear part 2 and the pivot arm 6 comes into engagement with the receiving element 7 and the triggering element 10.
[0044] FIGS. 5 to 7 relate to a second embodiment of the recoil-damping device 1 which differs only partially from the first embodiment so that the description of the second embodiment substantially concentrates on the differences from the first embodiment. Particularly advantageous with the second embodiment is the comparatively short design which in particular also enables a retrofitting to existing buttstocks. In addition, this embodiment has a smaller number of parts with the result that cost advantages can be achieved in production.
[0045] FIG. 5 shows the recoil-damping device 1 in the rest state of the gun. The recoil-damping device 1 has a rear part 2 and a front part 3 which can be moved towards one another against the force of a damping element 4, in particular a helical spring. In addition, a locking device 5 is provided between the rear part 2 and the front part 3 which locking device 5 in the locking position shown in FIG. 5 blocks a relative movement between rear part 2 and front part 3 and in a release position shown in FIG. 7 allows a relative movement between rear part 2 and front part 3. The locking device 5 has a substantially rectilinearly configured pivot arm 6 with a pivot axis 6a and a receiving element 7, in particular a recess. The pivot arm 6 is mounted by means of the pivot axis 6a on the front part 3 and in the locking position engages in the receiving element 7 formed in or on the rear part 2. For this engagement, on its end 6b facing the receiving element 7 the pivot arm 6 has an element 8 which is circular about its axis of rotation 8b in the circumferential direction and mounted rotatably, in particular a roller or ball 8a. The receiving element 7 has an obliquely running surface or edge 7a along which the roller or ball 8a of the pivot arm 6 can roll.
[0046] In order to be able to release the locking device 5 from the locking position, a triggering element 10 which can be activated by means of a shock pulse is provided which in the holding position shown in FIG. 5 holds the locking device 5 in the locking position and in the active position shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 releases the transition of the locking device 5 into the release position. The triggering element 10 is configured as a delay element which is displaceable at an acute angle α of preferably at most 20° , in particular at most 10° substantially in the direction X of the relative movement between rear part 2 and front part 3. For a reliable displacement between the holding position and the active position, the triggering element 10 is received in a guide sleeve 17 and pre-tensioned into the holding position by means of a first pre-tensioning element 11. In the locking position of the locking device 5, the triggering element 10 is in engagement with the locking device 5 to form a line contact or point contact in a contact area 12. For this the triggering element 10 has an element 13 which is circular about an axis of rotation 13b in the circumferential direction and mounted rotatably, in particular a roller or ball 13a, which is opposite the roller or ball 8a of the pivot arm 6. In order on the one hand to hold the pivot arm 6 reliably in the locking position, i.e. in engagement with the receiving element 7 by means of the triggering element 10 and on the other hand, in order to be able to smoothly release the engagement between the pivot arm 6 and the receiving element 7, in the holding position of the triggering element 10, the axis of rotation 8b of the roller or ball 8a, the axis of rotation 13b of the roller or ball 13a and the axis of rotation 18b of an additional rotatably mounted element 18, in particular a roller or a ball 18a, are arranged in a line. In order that the triggering element 10 can reliably force the pivot arm 6 into engagement with the receiving element 7, the additional element 18 is in engagement with the rotatably mounted element 13 of the triggering element 10 opposite the contact point 12 between the rotatably mounted elements 8, 13 of the triggering element 10 and of the pivot arm 6. In addition, an adjusting or limiting device 19 with an adjusting screw 19a is provided which stops the displacement of the pre-tensioned triggering element 10 at the position of the line arrangement of the axes of rotation 8b, 13b, 18b. Through the positioning of the adjusting screw 19a, the position of the roller 13a with respect to the roller 8a in the locking position can be fixed. As in FIG. 5, here the alignment of the axis of rotation 13a with respect to the axes of rotation 8b and 18b can be selected in such a manner that the axis of rotation 13a is not arranged on an imaginary connecting line of the axes of rotation 8b, 18b but is arranged slightly closer to the front end of the front part 3. This results in a slight shortening of the path between triggering element 10 and pivot arm 6 required for transfer into the release position so that—for a particularly efficient damping of the recoil—a transfer into the release position takes place more rapidly.
[0047] For a reliable rolling movement of the roller or ball 13a on the rollers or balls 8a, 18a, see FIGS. 6 and 7, the triggering element 10 additionally is received pivotably with a partially spherical end region 20 in the guide sleeve 17. In particular, the partially spherical end region 20 jointly with a corresponding counter-body 21 forms a gimbal bearing 22 received displaceably in the guide sleeve 17.
[0048] FIG. 6 shows the recoil-damping device 1 shown in FIG. 5 during the transition into a damping process as a result of a firing. As a result of the shock pulse in the recoil direction R, caused by the firing, substantially only with the exception of the inert triggering element 10 or the delay element, the entire gun is pushed backwards so that the triggering element 10 is displaced from the holding position into the active position and rolls here on the roller or ball 8a of the pivot arm 6 and on the roller or ball 18a. As soon as the triggering element 10 is sufficiently displaced in the direction of the front part 3, the engagement between the pivot arm 6 and the receiving element 7 is released and consequently the transfer of the locking device 5 into the release position is released.
[0049] FIG. 7 shows the recoil-damping device 1 shown in FIG. 5 in a state at the end of the damping process. After the transition of the locking device 5 into the release position has been released by the triggering element 10, the roller or ball 8a of the pivot arm 6 rolls on a surface 23 of the rear part 2 and the front part 3 is moved towards the rear part 2 whereby the damping element 4 is compressed. The damping element 4 then relaxes again whereby the front part 3 moves away from the rear part 2 and the pivot arm 6 enters into engagement with the receiving element 7. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 the rollers or balls 8a, 13a, 18a are preferably always in mutual engagement.
[0050] As can be seen clearly from FIGS. 5 to 7, the damping element 4 is arranged laterally to the triggering element 10, substantially parallel to the triggering element 10. Unlike the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 in which the damping element 4 and the triggering element 10 are arranged consecutively in the longitudinal direction of the gun, the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 7 allows a particularly compact design of the recoil-damping device 1. Therefore a recoil-damping device 1 according to the embodiment according to FIGS. 5 to 7 is particularly suitable for fastening to a buttstock and therefore for retrofitting of the gun.
