Abstract
The present invention concerns a device and method for reefing a portion of tubular film, the reefing device having at least one reefing finger and at least one drive unit. The drive unit has advancing means, which, for reefing the portion of tubular film, is brought into operative connection with the reefing finger at least at the height of a point of engagement, while enclosing the portion of tubular film, and moves the portion of tubular film in relation to the reefing finger. The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are distinguished in particular in that the position of the at least one point of engagement can be changed along the reefing finger as reefing progresses or the position of the point of engagement on the reefing finger is changed.
Claims
1. A reefing device for reefing a portion of tubular film, the reefing device comprising: a reefing finger, a first roller mounted to the reefing finger, a second roller mounted to the reefing finger, an advancing device that is movable relative to the reefing finger into operative connection with the first roller at a first point of engagement and the second roller at a second point of engagement to hold the portion of tubular film therebetween, and a motor drivingly engaged to the advancing device to drive the advancing device to move the portion of tubular film relative to the reefing finger and begin reefing the portion of tubular film onto the reefing finger, wherein the second roller is movable in a first direction relative to the reefing finger to change a position of the second point of engagement during reefing, wherein the second roller is movable in a second direction relative to the reefing finger to eliminate the second point of engagement, the second direction being transverse to the first direction.
2. The reefing device of claim 1, wherein the first roller is fixedly mounted to the reefing finger.
3. The reefing device of claim 1, wherein the advancing device is movable relative to the reefing finger in the second direction into operative connection with the first roller and the second roller.
4. The reefing device of claim 1, wherein the advancing device includes at least one of a drive roller and a continuous belt.
5. The reefing device of claim 1, wherein the second roller is pivotably connected to the reefing finger to enable movement of the second roller in the second direction.
6. The reefing device of claim 1, wherein the first direction generally extends along a portion of the reefing finger onto which the tubular film is reefed.
7. The reefing device of claim 1, wherein the second roller is at least partially retractable into the reefing finger via movement in the second direction.
8. A reefing device comprising: a plurality of reefing fingers, a first roller and a second roller mounted to each reefing finger; a plurality of advancing devices, each advancing device movable relative to a different one of the reefing fingers into operative connection with the first roller mounted to that that reefing finger at a first point of engagement and the second roller mounted to that reefing finger at a second point of engagement to hold the portion of tubular film therebetween; and a plurality of motors, each motor drivingly engaged to a different one of the advancing devices to drive that advancing device to move the portion of tubular film relative to the corresponding reefing finger and begin reefing the portion of tubular film onto the corresponding reefing finger, wherein each second roller is movable in a first direction relative to the reefing finger to which it is mounted to change a position of the second point of engagement during reefing, wherein each second roller is movable in a second direction relative to the reefing finger to which it is mounted eliminate the second point of engagement, the second direction being transverse to the first direction.
9. A method for reefing a portion of tubular film with a reefing device, the method comprising: engaging the portion of tubular film with an advancing device to create a point of engagement between the advancing device and a roller attached to a reefing finger and hold the portion of tubular film therebetween; driving the advancing device with a motor to begin reefing the portion of tubular film onto the reefing finger; moving the roller in a first direction relative to the reefing finger to change a position of the point of engagement while reefing the portion of tubular film onto the reefing finger; and after changing the position of the point of engagement, moving the roller in a second direction relative to the reefing finger to eliminate the point of engagement, wherein the second direction is transverse to the first direction.
10. The method of claim 9, which includes, during reefing, moving the roller from a position near a lower end of the reefing finger to a position near an upper end of the reefing finger.
11. The method of claim 10, which includes, during reefing, moving the roller from the lower end of the reefing finger to the upper end of the reefing finger.
12. The method of claim 10, which includes, after reefing unreefing the portion of tubular film.
Description
(1) The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments that are shown the drawings, in which schematically:
(2) FIGS. 1.1 to 1.5 show a detail of the first exemplary embodiment of a reefing device according to the invention with an opposing roller that can be displaced transversely and longitudinally;
(3) FIGS. 2.1 to 2.6 show a detail of a second exemplary embodiment of a reefing device according to the invention with two transversely displaceable opposing rollers;
(4) FIG. 3 shows the section A-A through the reefing device shown in FIG. 2;
(5) FIG. 4 a side view of the lever mechanism shown in FIG. 3;
(6) FIGS. 5.1 to 5.5 show a detail of a third exemplary embodiment of a third reefing device with advancing means;
(7) FIG. 6 show a side view of a hood packaging installation with a reefing device according to the invention; and
(8) FIG. 7 the section B-B through the hood packaging installation shown in FIG. 6.
(9) Identical components are given the same designations in the text which follows and are provided with the same reference signs in the drawings.
(10) The exemplary embodiments of a reefing device 1 according to the invention that are shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 5 each comprise a total of four reefing fingers 2 that are arranged in the corners of a four-cornered reefing frame and can be individually activated, with in each case an assigned drive unit 3 for reefing the portion of tubular film 4. For better representation of the invention, however, only one reefing finger 2 with its assigned drive unit 3 is respectively shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 5.
(11) In the case of all three embodiments shown here, the respectively L-shaped reefing fingers 2 have a fixedly mounted opposing roller 5 at the upper end of the vertical member. On the horizontal members of the reefing fingers 2, a drive unit 3 is respectively displaceably arranged. Each drive unit 3 has a reefing motor 6 and an advancing means 7, the reefing motor 6 driving the advancing means 7. In the case of all three exemplary embodiments shown here, the advancing means 7 is configured as a continuous belt, although it is also conceivable that it may be just a single roller or the like. The drive units 3 and the advancing means 7 thereof can be respectively displaced over guiding rails and thus brought into operative connection with the associated reefing fingers 2.
(12) In the case of the detail of a first exemplary embodiment of the reefing device according to the invention that is shown in FIG. 1, apart from the fixedly but rotatably attached opposing roller 5, the reefing finger 2 has a further opposing roller 9, which is displaceable transversely and longitudinally with respect to the reefing finger 2. This opposing roller may be retracted completely into the reefing finger 2, as shown in FIG. 1.1, or be extended, as shown in FIG. 1.2. The pivoted-out opposing roller 9 therefore defines the lowermost point of engagement A here.
(13) The method according to the invention for reefing a portion of tubular film 4 according to a first embodiment is described below on the basis of FIGS. 1.1 to 1.5.
(14) FIG. 1.1 shows the reefing device 1 in a method step in which a portion of tubular film 4 has already been pushed over the reefing finger 2 and, after that, the four reefing fingers 2 have been spread slightly apart. Consequently, the opposing roller 5 that is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the reefing finger 2 is already in contact with the inner side of the portion of tubular film 4. The drive unit 3, however, has not yet been brought into operative connection with the reefing finger 2, while enclosing the portion of tubular film 4.
(15) As shown in FIG. 1.2, for this purpose the drive unit 3 is moved horizontally. Then a first point of engagement, referred to hereafter as permanent point of engagement PA, is created at the opposing roller 5. At the same time, the opposing roller 9 is also extended. Therefore, here too, the advancing means 7 comes into operative connection with an opposing roller arranged on the reefing finger 2 and a second, lowermost point of engagement A is created, while enclosing the portion of tubular film 4.
(16) Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 1.3, the advancing means 7 is driven by means of the reefing motor 6, so that the portion of tubular film 4 is moved in relation to the reefing finger 2 and is consequently reefed. At the bottom of the reefing finger 2, the portion of tubular film 4 is laid down and forms the film store 8 there. As can be seen from FIG. 1.3, the film store 8 increases as the reefing increasingly progresses, until the upper end of the film store 8 almost coincides spatially with the lowermost point of engagement A.
(17) As can be seen from FIG. 1.4, the displaceable opposing roller 9 is then displaced along the longitudinal axis of the reefing finger 2 in the direction of the upper end of the reefing finger 2, the distance between the film store 8 and the lowermost point of engagement A, defined with respect to the opposing roller 9, remaining substantially constant. As the film store 8 grows, the position of the lowermost point of engagement A is therefore likewise displaced in the direction of the upper end of the reefing finger 2. This provides consistent conditions under which the folds form and leads to a uniform formation of the folds in the film store 8.
(18) As soon as the opposing roller 9 has been displaced along the reefing finger 2 into its maximum, i.e. uppermost, position on the reefing finger 2, the opposing roller 9 is displaced or pivoted transversely with respect to the reefing FIG. 2, as represented in FIG. 1.5, and is consequently retracted into the reefing finger 2. This removes the operative connection between the opposing roller 9 and the advancing means 7. Consequently, the fixedly mounted opposing roller 5, which is still in operative connection with the advancing means 7, while enclosing the portion of tubular film 4, defines both the permanent point of engagement PA and the lowermost point of engagement A. At the same time, the reefing operation is ended, so that there is a sufficient distance between the film store 8 and the fixedly located opposing roller 5 to smooth the folds during the unreefing of the portion of tubular film 4 before they meet the opposing roller 5.
(19) After ending the reefing operation, firstly part of the portion of tubular film 4 is unreefed by a corresponding movement of the advancing means 7. Subsequently, the four reefing devices 1 are moved apart and the portion of tubular film 4 is thereby stretched, as is indicated in FIG. 1.5 by the unreefed part of the portion of tubular film 4 then extending horizontally with respect to the reefing finger 2.
(20) The unreefing operation is not shown here, but proceeds substantially such that the opposing roller 9 is only extended when the unreefing operation is well advanced—that is to say when the film store 8 has been depleted to the greatest extent—and can consequently be brought into operative connection with the advancing means 7, while enclosing the portion of tubular film 4. Furthermore, during the unreefing operation, the reefing motor 6 can drive the advancing means 7 in such a way that the unreefing speed of the portion of tubular film 4 thereby produced is slower than the relative speed of the reefing frame or the reefing device 1 with respect to the cargo to be wrapped. Consequently, during the unreefing, the portion of tubular film 4 is extended or stretched along the cargo in the direction of movement of the reefing frame. In order to prevent the portion of tubular film 4 being pulled thin or torn here during the stretching, an appropriate distance between the fixedly mounted opposing roller 5 and the film store 8 is necessary—as already described—for smoothing the folds. It is thus ensured that the portion of tubular film 4 completely unfolds before it meets the opposing roller 5. This ensures great immunity from tearing during unreefing.
(21) If, during the unreefing, a deliberate, and consequently wanted, formation of folds is to be obtained in the tubular film, the movement of the reefing frame or the reefing device 1 may be interrupted at an appropriate point. The opposing roller 9 is brought into operative connection with the advancing means 7 at the desired height on the film store 8 and the corresponding part of the film store 8 is unreefed by driving of the advancing means 7. More film is thereby applied locally to the cargo to be wrapped, in order in this way to achieve a strengthening of the packaging.
(22) In FIG. 2, a detail of a second exemplary embodiment of the reefing device 1 according to the invention is shown. Unlike in the case of the first exemplary embodiment, arranged on the reefing finger 2 are two displaceable opposing rollers 10, 11, which however are only displaceable transversely with respect to the reefing finger 2, and a fixed opposing roller 5.
(23) In the text which follows, the method according to the invention for reefing a portion of tubular film 4 by using the previously described second embodiment of the reefing device 1 according to the invention is explained in FIGS. 2.1 to 2.6.
(24) In a way similar to that shown and explained in the case of the first embodiment in FIG. 1.1, first the portion of tubular film 4 is lowered onto the four reefing fingers 2. Then, as shown in FIG. 2.2, at each reefing finger 2 the assigned drive unit 3 is brought into operative connection with the reefing finger 2. A permanent point of engagement PA is thereby created in the region of the fixedly mounted opposing roller 5 and the advancing means 7. Here, the portion of tubular film 4 is acted upon permanently and in the same position with respect to the reefing finger 2 during the reefing. At the same time, the two opposing rollers 10 and 11 are extended from the reefing finger 2. Therefore, two further points of engagement A and B are created. However, as will be shown below, unlike the point of engagement PA, these points of engagement are not present throughout the entire process.
(25) And yet, first both opposing rollers 10, 11 are extended and, as shown in FIG. 2.3, the advancing means 7 is driven by means of the reefing motor 6. Consequently, the portion of tubular film 4 is laid in folds at the bottom of the reefing finger 2 and the film store 8 is produced or increased. As soon as the upper end of the film store 8 has almost reached the opposing roller 10, and consequently almost coincides spatially with the lowermost point of engagement A, the lowermost opposing roller 10 is displaced or retracted transversely with respect to the reefing finger 2. As FIG. 2.4 reveals, the operative connection to the lower opposing roller 10 is thereby removed. Consequently, the lowermost point of engagement A is then defined by the operative connection between the opposing roller 11 and the advancing means 7, while enclosing the portion of tubular film 4. With a growing film store 8, the position of the lowermost point of engagement A is consequently displaced in the direction of the upper end of the reefing finger 2 by retraction of the opposing roller 10.
(26) When the upper end of the film store 8 has then almost reached the opposing roller 11, the opposing roller 11 is also displaced transversely with respect to the reefing finger 2 and the operative connection in the region of the opposing roller 11 is removed. As FIG. 2.5 reveals, the fixedly mounted opposing roller 5 then defines both the permanent point of engagement PA and the lowermost point of engagement A at which the operative connection of the advancing means 7 and the reefing finger 2 exists, while enclosing the portion of tubular film 4.
(27) During the subsequent unreefing of the portion of tubular film 4—which proceeds in principle as already described in the case of the first exemplary embodiment—the opposing rollers 10 and 11 are only extended when the progress of unreefing is well advanced.
(28) Consequently, it is only at the end of the unreefing, when the film store 8 is already depleted, that three points of engagement A, B, PA occur, as is shown in FIG. 2.6.
(29) FIG. 3 shows the section A-A, through the reefing device 1 shown in FIG. 2, extending through the reefing finger 2. The reefing finger 2 comprises a lever mechanism 12 for pivoting the opposing rollers 10 and 11, which is arranged below the fixedly mounted opposing roller 5 within the reefing finger 2.
(30) FIG. 4 shows the lever mechanism 12 according to the invention that is shown in FIG. 3 in a representation on its own. The lower opposing roller 10 is arranged on the reefing finger 2 pivotably about a first pivot axis 15 by means of a first lever arm 13. The upper opposing roller 11 is arranged on the reefing finger 2 pivotably about a second pivot axis 16 by means of a second lever arm 14. The length of the lever arms 13, 14 from the pivot axes 15, 16 is so great that the distance produced by the pivoting is sufficient for a complete separation of the operative connection between the opposing rollers 10 and 11 and the advancing means 7. For the pivoting, the lever arms 13, 14 are actuated by means of pneumatic cylinders 17, 18 assigned to them. Both lever arms 13, 14 each have an assigned spring 19, 20. The springs 19, 20 act on the lever arms 13, 14 in such a way that the opposing rollers 10, 11 fastened thereto are pivoted into the reefing finger 2 when the pneumatic cylinders 17, 18 do not apply any opposed operating pressure.
(31) According to the invention, the pneumatic cylinder 17, 18 can be activated separately, in order in this way to bring about an individual pivoting of the opposing rollers 10, 11. Generally, only a relatively small cylinder stroke is necessary. In the embodiment shown here, a cylinder stroke of ≦5 mm is already sufficient to bring about a complete transverse pivoting of the opposing rollers 10, 11. In order to accommodate the lever mechanism 12 in the reefing finger 2 in a space-saving manner, the lever arms 13, 14 are correspondingly laterally bent (FIG. 3).
(32) FIG. 5 shows a detail of a third exemplary embodiment of a reefing device 1 according to the invention, which in principle is constructed in a way similar to the two other exemplary embodiments. However, in this exemplary embodiment the reefing fingers 2 of the reefing device 1 have in addition to the opposing roller 5 fixedly mounted at the upper end of the reefing finger 2 in each case a further fixedly mounted opposing roller 21. Both opposing rollers 5, 21 can be brought into operative engagement with the advancing means 7, while enclosing the portion of tubular film 4, by moving the drive unit 3 or the advancing means 7 thereof. The drive unit 3 comprises a pneumatic cylinder 22, which for this purpose can displace a lower deflecting roller 23 of the advancing means 7 in a rail-guided manner. However, it is also conceivable that a hydraulic cylinder or the like is used instead of the pneumatic cylinder 22.
(33) In the text which follows, the method according to the invention for reefing the portion of tubular film 4 with the third embodiment of the reefing device 1 according to the invention is explained on the basis of FIGS. 5.1 to 5.5.
(34) In the case of the method step shown in FIG. 5.1, the portion of tubular films 4 has already been pushed over the reefing finger 2, and the four reefing fingers 2 of the reefing device 1 have been slightly spread. The two fixedly mounted opposing rollers 5, 21 of each of the reefing fingers 2 is in contact with the inner side of the portion of tubular film 4. An operative connection between the drive units 3 of the reefing fingers 2 has not yet been established.
(35) Then, as shown in FIG. 5.2, the drive unit 3 is brought into operative connection with the respective reefing finger 2 while enclosing the portion of tubular film 4. The operative connection created between the upper opposing roller 5 and the advancing means 7, while enclosing the tubular film 4, defines a permanent point of engagement PA. The lowermost point of engagement A is created by pressing the advancing means 7, formed as a conveyor belt, against the lower opposing roller 21 of the reefing finger 2.
(36) After that, the advancing means 7 is driven by the reefing motor 6, and the reefing operation proceeds to the state represented in FIG. 5.3. The portion of tubular film 4 is hereby moved in relation to the reefing finger 2 and laid in folds at the bottom of the reefing finger 2. The film store 8 produced increases as reefing progresses, until the upper end of the film store 8 has almost reached the opposing roller 21, as shown in FIG. 5.3.
(37) As FIG. 5.4 reveals, a lower part of the advancing means 7, here the lower deflecting roller 23 of the conveyor belt, is then pushed away from the opposing roller 21 by actuation of the pneumatic cylinder 22. As a result, the operative connection of the lower opposing roller 21 and the advancing means 7 is removed. Consequently, only the upper opposing roller 5 is in operative connection with the drive unit 3. The reefing can then be continued, but the reefing operation is ended in such a way that a sufficient distance remains between the produced film store 8 and the fixedly mounted opposing roller 5 for smoothing the folds during the unreefing of the portion of tubular film 4. The smoothing of the folds is also possible beyond the lower opposing roller 21, since this roller is not in operative connection with the advancing means 7. As described in the case of the first two exemplary embodiments, part of the portion of tubular film 4 is then unreefed again before the four reefing fingers 2 of the reefing device 1 are moved apart, and the portion of tubular film 4 is consequently transversely extended, that is stretched. This state is shown in FIG. 5.4.
(38) After the stretching, for the unreefing of the film store 8, at first the lower deflecting roller 23 is still kept in the moved-out position shown in FIG. 5.4. However, once the film store has then been reduced to such an extent that it no longer reaches to the lower opposing roller 21, the lower deflecting roller of the conveyor belt 7 is moved up to the opposing roller 21, as shown in FIG. 5.5. Then, the remaining film store 8 is unreefed.
(39) In this third exemplary embodiment too, during the unreefing operation the portion of tubular film 4 can be stretched along the cargo to be wrapped by driving the advancing means 7, as described in the case of the other exemplary embodiments. Also in the case of this exemplary embodiment it is possible to apply the formation of folds specifically to the cargo to be wrapped, in order in this way to achieve a strengthening of the packaging.
(40) FIG. 6 shows a hood packaging installation 24 operating on the basis of the stretching method, with the reefing device 1 according to the invention, the reefing device 1 comprising four reefing fingers 2 with a respectively assigned drive unit 3. The reefing fingers 2 and the assigned drive units are fastened to a one-part reefing frame 26 by fastening plates 25. Since the representation in FIG. 6 is a side view, only the reefing fingers 2 lying at the front are visible. The drive units 3 assigned to the reefing fingers 2 are concealed by the fastening plates 35. The reefing fingers 2 can be moved in the horizontal direction for the stretching of the portion of tubular film 4 (not represented). For the wrapping of the cargo 27, after the reefing operation the reefing frame 26 is moved vertically along the framework 28. As this happens, the portion of tubular film 4 is unreefed from the reefing fingers 2 and the cargo 27 is packaged. The cargo 27 is mounted on a pallet 29 and is transported into and out of the hood packaging installation 24 by means of a transporting device 30. The transporting device 30 may, as shown here, be designed such that it is raised off the floor, so that the pallet 29 can be at least partially wrapped together with the cargo 27.
(41) FIG. 7 shows the section B-B through the hood packaging installation 24 shown in FIG. 6, all four reefing fingers 2 and drive units 3 that are arranged on the reefing frame 26 being represented. For the stretching of the reefed portion of tubular film 4, the four reefing fingers 2 are moved by the respectively assigned drive unit 3 in the diagonal direction, as is indicated by the dash-dotted lines. As a result, the reefed portion of tubular film 4 (not represented here) is stretched in the X and Y directions. In order to be able to adapt the packaging to be achieved individually to the respective cargo 27, the reefing fingers 2 and drive units 3 may also be moved individually and separately from one another.
LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
(42) 1 Reefing device 2 Reefing finger 3 Drive unit 4 Portion of tubular film 5 Fixedly mounted opposing roller 6 Reefing motor 7 Advancing means 8 Film store 9 Transversely and longitudinal a displaceable opposing roller 10 Transversely displaceable opposing roller 11 Transversely displaceable opposing roller 12 Lever mechanism 13 First lever arm 14 Second lever arm 15 First pivot axis 16 Second pivot axis 17 First pneumatic cylinder 18 Second pneumatic cylinder 19 Spring 20 Spring 21 Fixedly mounted opposing roller 22 Pneumatic cylinder 23 Lower deflecting roller of the advancing means 24 Hood packaging installation 25 Fastening plate 26 Reefing frame 27 Cargo 28 Framework 29 Pallet 30 Transporting device A lowermost point of engagement B further point of engagement PA permanent point of engagement
