LIMIT SWITCH DEVICE

Abstract

A limit switch device is placed at an intended stop position, without the need to move the actuator additionally from the position at which the on/off state is switched. A first movable portion (211) causes a first contact to slide on a second contact in a switch mechanism (103) included in a microswitch by applying a force (F′) via an actuator (102a) and a plunger (102b).

Claims

1. A limit switch device, comprising: an actuator configured to move in accordance with a load from an external detection target; a plunger configured to move vertically upon receiving movement of the actuator; a movable portion configured to move in accordance with vertical movement of the plunger; and a first contact and a second contact, the first contact being arranged in the movable portion, the first contact and the second contact being configured to switch between a state of no electrical contact between the first contact and the second contact and a state of the first contact being moved by the movable portion and sliding on a surface of the second contact in a direction in which the first contact is moved.

2. The limit switch device according to claim 1, wherein the direction in which the first contact is moved by the movable portion is substantially orthogonal to a direction of a contact pressure applied between the first contact and the second contact.

3. The limit switch device according to claim 1, further comprising: a support configured to support at least one of the first contact or the second contact, wherein the support comprises an elastic member, and when the first contact slides on the surface of the second contact, the support applies an elastic force to place the first contact into close contact with the second contact.

4. The limit switch device according to claim 2, further comprising: a support configured to support at least one of the first contact or the second contact, wherein the support comprises an elastic member, and when the first contact slides on the surface of the second contact, the support applies an elastic force to place the first contact into close contact with the second contact.

5. The limit switch device according to claim 1, wherein the second contact has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the first contact includes a portion configured to come in contact with the first surface and a portion configured to come in contact with the second surface.

6. The limit switch device according to claim 2, wherein the second contact has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the first contact includes a portion configured to come in contact with the first surface and a portion configured to come in contact with the second surface.

7. The limit switch device according to claim 3, wherein the second contact has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the first contact includes a portion configured to come in contact with the first surface and a portion configured to come in contact with the second surface.

8. The limit switch device according to claim 4, wherein the second contact has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the first contact includes a portion configured to come in contact with the first surface and a portion configured to come in contact with the second surface

9. The limit switch device according to claim 1, wherein the first contact slides on a sliding surface comprising the surface of the second contact and a surface of an insulator that are continuous to each other, and the first contact is configured to come in contact with the surface of the second contact or the surface of the insulator.

10. The limit switch device according to claim 1, further comprising: a first housing containing the first contact and the second contact; and a second housing holding the actuator and containing the first housing.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a limit switch device according to one embodiment, and FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the limit switch device.

[0029] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a limit switch device having a structure different from the limit switch device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.

[0030] FIG. 3A is a diagram showing the structure of a normally open switch mechanism in a limit switch device according to one embodiment, and FIG. 3B is a diagram showing the structure of a normally closed switch mechanism in the limit switch device according to one embodiment.

[0031] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a switch mechanism having a structure different from the switch mechanism shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.

[0032] FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the structure of the switch mechanism included in the limit switch device shown in FIG. 2.

[0033] FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic diagrams showing the operation of a movable contact and stationary contacts included in an opposing-contact limit switch device known in the art.

[0034] FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the moved distance of a plunger and the contact load in the opposing-contact limit switch device known in the art.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.

Structure of Limit Switch Device 1

[0036] The structure of a limit switch device 1 according to the present embodiment will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B. FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the limit switch device 1. FIG. 1B is a perspective view showing the appearance of the limit switch device 1. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the limit switch device 1 includes a protective case 101 (second housing), an operation mechanism 102, and a switch mechanism 103. The switch mechanism 103 includes a first movable portion 211 (movable portion). As shown in FIG. 1A, the operation mechanism 102 includes an actuator 102a, a plunger 102b, and a spring 102c.

[0037] The limit switch device 1 includes a first housing containing the switch mechanism 103 (refer to FIG. 1A), which is contained in the second housing (protective case 101). As shown in FIG. 1A, the limit switch device 1 includes (i) the actuator 102a, which moves when touching an object (detection target) and transfers its movement to the plunger 102b included in the operation mechanism 102, (ii) the first housing containing the switch mechanism 103, and (iii) the second housing (protective case 101) holding the actuator 102a and containing the first housing. The limit switch device 1 is, for example, used as a sensor for positioning as well as detecting an object in manufacturing equipment or an industrial machine.

[0038] The protective case 101 shown in FIG. 1B protects the switch mechanism 103 from external force, water, oil, gas, and dust. The protective case 101 may be formed from, for example, metals such as aluminum die-cast and zinc die-cast alloys. To seal gaps in the protective case 101, a sealant containing silicone rubber may be used. Silicone rubber has high heat resistance (200° C.), weather resistance, and cold resistance (70 to −80°C.). Silicone rubber also has oil resistance. Thus, silicone rubber is useful for the limit switch device 1 placed in an environment with temperatures of, for example, −40 to −60°C., such as an ultra-low temperature room.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 1A, when a detection target object touches the actuator 102a in the operation mechanism 102, the actuator 102a rotates about its pivot under an external force F shown in FIG. 1. The rotational motion of the pivot along with the rotation of the actuator 102a is converted into linear motion, which then moves the plunger 102b in the operation mechanism 102 in a direction of force F′, which is substantially perpendicular to the external force F (to the right in FIG. 1). In accordance with the movement of the plunger 102b, the first movable portion 211 moves in the manner described later.

[0040] The switch mechanism 103 opens or closes an electric circuit (not shown) in the limit switch device 1 (in other words, switches the state of contact between a movable contact 103a and a stationary contact 103b described later).

Example Structure of Switch Mechanism 103

[0041] With reference to FIG. 2, the structure of the switch mechanism 103 will now be described. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the structure of the switch mechanism 103.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 2, the switch mechanism 103 includes the first movable portion 211, the movable contact 103a (first contact), a second movable portion 213 (movable portion), and the stationary contact 103b (second contact). The switch mechanism 103 is contained in a first housing 201. The first housing 201 holds the first movable portion 211. In the switch mechanism 103, the second movable portion 213 supports the movable contact 103a. The movable contact 103a has its elastically deformable part (support) bending, and thus is pressed against the stationary contact 103b. This produces a sufficiently high contact pressure applied in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the force F′ between the movable contact 103a and the stationary contact 103b. The contact between the movable contact 103a and the stationary contact 103b is thus constantly stable.

[0043] The movable contact 103a and the stationary contact 103b are formed from conductive materials (e.g., metals). The movable contact 103a may include one or more portions.

[0044] The first movable portion 211 and the second movable portion 213 move in a vertical direction in the figure. The movable contact 103a slides on the surface of the stationary contact 103b. The first movable portion 211 has a spring 216. The spring 216 is compressed when receiving an external force F′. When released from the external force F′, the spring 216 expands back to the original length (the length before the external force F′ is applied). The spring 216 is specifically a coil spring. The spring 216 may be any spring that produces a reaction force, such as a torsion spring.

Switch Mechanism 103 and Switching

[0045] FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 4 are diagrams showing the conceptual structures of the switch mechanism 103, showing the arrangement of the movable contact 103a and the stationary contact 103b. The structure in FIG. 2 corresponds to the conceptual structure shown in FIG. 4.

[0046] FIG. 3A shows a normally open (NO) switch mechanism 103 in the limit switch device 1. FIG. 3B shows a normally closed (NC) switch mechanism 103 in the limit switch device 1. The NO switch mechanism 103 shown in FIG. 3A is in an off-state under no force F′. The NC switch mechanism 103 shown in FIG. 36 is in an on-state under no force F′.

[0047] As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the stationary contact 103b connects with the insulator 103c in the switch mechanism 103. The contact surface of the stationary contact 103b and the surface of the insulator 103c form a flat slide surface S. The insulator 103c may be formed from any insulating material.

[0048] The movable contact 103a is pressed against the slide surface S under a downward elastic force E (in a direction toward the slide surface S) applied from the support (e.g., a portion formed from an elastic member, such as the elastically deformable part of the movable contact 103a shown in FIG. 2). When the operation mechanism 102 is under the downward external force F (in a direction in which the operation mechanism 102 moves) in FIG. 1, the movable contact 103a receives a rightward force F′ (in a direction parallel to the slide surface S) applied from the operation mechanism 102. The movable contact 103a thus slides on the slide surface S. In this manner, the movable contact 103a moves in a direction parallel to the slide surface S of the stationary contact 103b (and the insulator 103c).

[0049] In the NO switch mechanism 103 shown in FIG. 3A, the movable contact 103a is not in contact with the stationary contact 103b and is in contact with the insulator 103c when the operation mechanism 102 is under no external force F. In other words, the limit switch device 1 is in an off-state. When the operation mechanism 102 receives a downward external force F (refer to FIG. 1A), the movable contact 103a receives a rightward force F′ (in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the external force F). When the operation mechanism 102 is under the downward external force F, the spring 102c included in the operation mechanism 102 is compressed. The movable contact 103a slides toward the stationary contact 103b while being maintained in contact with the slide surface S under the rightward force F′. When the movable contact 103a touches the stationary contact 103b, the limit switch device 1 is turned on. In the NC switch mechanism 103 (FIG. 3B), the force F′ applied on the switch mechanism 103 turns off the limit switch device 1.

[0050] When the external force F on the operation mechanism 102 is removed, the elastic force of the spring 102c causes the operation mechanism 102 to return to the state before the external force F is applied. The movable contact 103a also returns to the state before the force F′ is applied by the spring 216. In the NO switch mechanism 103 (FIG. 3A), the movable contact 103a returns to the state of being in contact with only the insulator 103c. When the movable contact 103a is no longer in contact with the stationary contact 103b, the limit switch device 1 returns to the off-state. In the NC switch mechanism 103 (FIG. 3B), the movable contact 103a returns to the state of being in contact with only the stationary contact 103b. The limit switch device 1 returns to the on-state.

[0051] As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the surface of the stationary contact 103b and the surface of the insulator 103c, which form the slide surface S, are continuous to each other. While the movable contact 103a is sliding on the slide surface S, the support applies the elastic force E to the movable contact 103a in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the movable contact 103a moves. This force presses the movable contact 103a against the slide surface S, and causes the movable contact 103a to apply a constant load onto the slide surface S. The limit switch device 1 can switch between the contacts in a stable manner.

Modification of Switch Mechanism 103

[0052] A modification of the switch mechanism 103 described above will now be described with reference to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the structure of a switch mechanism 103A according to this modification. As shown in FIG. 4, the switch mechanism 103A includes a movable contact 103a including two portions. The two portions of the movable contact 103a are arranged in contact with a first slide surface S1 (first surface) formed by a stationary contact 103b and an insulator 103c and with a second slide surface S2 (second surface) opposite to the first slide surface S1. The two portions of the movable contact 103a are pressed against the first slide surface S1 and the second slide surface S2 under an elastic force E applied from a support. The movable contact 103a in the switch mechanism 103A includes one portion that comes in contact with the first slide surface S1 and the other portion that comes in contact with the second slide surface S2. The portion of the movable contact 103a that comes in contact with the first slide surface S1 slides on the first slide surface S1, whereas the portion of the movable contacts 103a that comes in contact with the second slide surface S2 slides on the second slide surface S2.

[0053] In this manner, the movable contact 103a according to this modification comes in contact with both the first slide surface S1 of the stationary contact 103b and the second slide surface S2 opposite to the first slide surface S1. This structure improves the stability of contact between the movable contact 103a and the stationary contact 103b. When, for example, the limit switch device 1 receives an external force as a disturbance factor, the movable contact 103a is highly likely to remain in contact with at least one of the first slide surface S1 and the second slide surface S2 of the stationary contact 103b. The limit switch device 1 is less likely to produce chattering.

Other Embodiments of Switch Mechanism 103

[0054] The switch mechanism 103 shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 4 includes the movable contact 103a, the stationary contact 103b, and the insulator 103c. However, the switch mechanism according to embodiments of the present invention may not include the insulator 103c. A switch mechanism according another embodiment of the present invention will now be described.

[0055] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of a switch mechanism 103 according to another embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the switch mechanism 103 includes a stationary contact 103b including a first stationary contact 103b1 and a second stationary contact 103b2. The movable contact 103a includes a first movable contact 103a1 that slides on the first stationary contact 103b1 and a second movable contact 103a2 that slides on the second stationary contact 103b2.

[0056] In FIG. 5, the first movable contact 103a1 is in contact with the first stationary contact 103b1. The second movable contact 103a2 is not in contact with the second stationary contact 103b2. The first movable contact 103a1 and the second movable contact 103a2 move vertically in FIG. 5. The switch mechanism 103 shown in FIG. 5 can thus be in one of the two states below.

[0057] (1) The first movable contact 103a1 is in contact with the first stationary contact 103b1, and the second movable contact 103a2 is spaced from the second stationary contact 103b2.

[0058] (2) The first movable contact 103a1 is in contact with the first stationary contact 103b1, and the second movable contact 103a2 is also in contact with the second stationary contact 103b2.

[0059] The second movable contact 103a2 includes elastic parts that can touch the second stationary contact 103b2. When in contact with the second stationary contact 103b2, the second movable contact 103a2 is pressed against the second stationary contact 103b2 under the elastic force E applied from the elastic parts. Thus, immediately after the second movable contact 103a2 and the second stationary contact 103b2 spaced from each other come in contact with each other, these contacts receive a sufficiently high contact pressure, and have a large area of contact between them. Immediately before the second movable contact 103a2 and the second stationary contact 103b2 in contact with each other are spaced from each other, these contacts receive a sufficiently high contact pressure, and have a large area of contact between them. In other words, the contact between the second movable contact 103a2 and the second stationary contact 103b2 is constantly stable.

[0060] When in contact with the first stationary contact 103b1, the first movable contact 103a1 is also pressed against the first stationary contact 103b1 under the elastic force E applied from the elastic parts of the first movable contact 103a1. The contact between the first movable contact 103a1 and the first stationary contact 103b1 is also constantly stable.

[0061] As described above, the switch mechanism 103 according to the present embodiment has its elastic support applying the elastic force E to the movable contact 103a in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the movable contact 103a moves. This produces a constant contact load applied between the movable contact 103a and the stationary contact 103b or the insulator 103c in a stable manner. The limit switch device 1 including the switch mechanism 103 can thus be placed at any intended stop position, without the need to move the actuator 102a from the position at which the on/off state is switched. For example, the limit switch device 1 may be placed at an intended stop position at which an automobile is to be stopped in a multi-story car park.

[0062] In the limit switch device 1, the movable contact 103a slides on the stationary contact 103b to remove any foreign substance on the movable contact 103a or on the stationary contact 103b. Thus, the limit switch device 1 according to the present embodiment is less susceptible to the surroundings. For example, silicone rubber used as a sealant for sealing gaps in the protective case can create an atmosphere of silicone inside the protective case, and silicone can adhere to the movable contact 103a and the stationary contact 103b. In the limit switch device 1 according to the present embodiment, the movable contact 103a and the stationary contact 103b slide and wipe out the silicone adhering to the movable contact 103a and the stationary contact 103b. Thus, the limit switch device 1 improves the stability of contact between the movable contact 103a and the stationary contact 103b.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

[0063] 1 limit switch device [0064] 101 protective case (second housing) [0065] 102 operation mechanism [0066] 102a actuator [0067] 102b plunger [0068] 103a movable contact (first contact) [0069] 103b stationary contact (second contact) [0070] 201 first housing [0071] 211 first movable portion (movable portion) [0072] 213 second movable portion (movable portion) [0073] S slide surface [0074] S1 first slide surface (first surface) [0075] S2 second slide surface (second surface)