PIER SCOUR PROTECTION METHOD BY COMBINATING A DOWNWARD BIVARIATE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION SURFACE AND GRANULAR MIXTURE

Abstract

Provided is a pier scour protection method by combinating a downward bivariate normal distribution surface and a granular mixture, wherein the method is used for protecting a pier foundation of a sea-crossing or river-crossing bridge from scouring, and when a depth of a local scour hole around the bottom of a pier or a bridge pile reaches a set depth, a downward bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure is laid, and the granular mixture with a specific thickness is laid in the downward bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure. A downward bivariate normal distribution surface structure for defending and a granular mixture layer for weakening horseshoe-shaped vortexes in a scour hole are organically combined, the bivariate normal distribution surface structure is mainly used for defending the downflow in front of the pier, and the granular mixture layer can weaken the horseshoe-shaped vortexes around the piers.

Claims

1. A pier scour protection method by combinating a downward bivariate normal distribution surface and granular mixture, wherein the method is used for protecting a pier foundation of a sea-crossing or river-crossing bridge from scouring, when a depth of a local scour hole around a pile or a bridge pier reaches the given depth, a protection structure in the shape of a downward bivariate normal distribution surface is laid, paved by the granular mixture with a specific thickness on the bottom, a bottom of the rotationally symmetric surface is located at mh.sub.b below a bed surface, where h.sub.b is a maximum depth of the scour hole, and m=0.7-0.9.

2. The pier scour prevention method by combinating a downward bivariate normal distribution surface and granular mixture according to claim 1, wherein the bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure is a section of the bivariate normal distribution surface shell with a thickness of α; by taking an intersection point of the axis of the pier and an initial river bed as an origin, a water flow direction as the positive direction of an x-axis, a direction perpendicular to the water flow in a horizontal plane as a y-axis, a downward direction as a positive direction of a Z-axis, an inner surface of the bivariate normal distribution surface shell satisfies the following equation: $z=h_0+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi }\sigma }\exp \left(-\frac{x^2+y^2}{2{\sigma }^2}\right)$ $\sqrt{x^2+y^2}>\frac{D}{2}+l$ where l is a shortest distance between the inner surface of the bivariate normal distribution surface shell and the pier surface; σ is a standard deviation of the normal distribution, h.sub.0 is a distance from an upper part of the bivariate normal distribution surface shell to the bed surface.

3. The pier scour prevention method by combining a downward bivariate normal distribution surface and granular mixture according to claim 1, wherein a ratio λ of a thickness Δh of the granular mixture layer to the maximum depth h.sub.b of the scour hole satisfies the following conditions: $0<\lambda \le 1-\frac{\left(F_w-\mu G^{\prime }\right)}{G\text{'}+\left(F_w-\mu G^{\prime }\right)\cot \beta }\frac{L}{h_b}$ an effective gravity of particles of the granular mixture: G′=G−F.sub.T a gravity of the granular mixture: $G=\frac{1}{6}\pi d^3\rho g$ a buoyant force: $F_T=\frac{1}{6}\pi d^3{\rho }_{w}g$ a flow force: $F=\frac{1}{2}{C}_D{\rho }_w{u}^{2}A,$ where A is an area of an upstream face: $A=\frac{1}{4}\pi d^2,C_D$ is a drag coefficient; where F.sub.w, is a water flow force; μ is a friction coefficient of the surface of the scour hole; L is a length of the scour hole; α and β are angles between slope surfaces of the scour hole and a horizontal plane, respectively, and ρ.sub.w, is a water density.

4. The pier scour protection method by combinating of a downward bivariate normal distribution surface and a granular mixture according to claim 3, wherein the bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure further comprises a cylindrical base inserted into a riverbed for fixing the shell, a thickness of the base is the same as that of the bivariate normal distribution surface, and an inner surface of the base satisfies the following relationship: $\{\begin{array}{c}\sqrt{x^2+y^2}=\frac{D}{2}+l\\ z\in \left(m{h}_b,m{h}_b+h_c\right)\end{array}\hspace{1em}$ where h.sub.c=1-2 m is a height of the cylindrical base.

5. The pier scour protection method by combinating a downward bivariate normal distribution surface and a granular mixture according to claim 4, wherein shell thickness α=0.1-0.3 m, and h.sub.c=1-2 m.

6. The pier scour protection method combining a normal distribution by combinating a downward bivariate normal distribution surface and a granular mixture according to claim 4, wherein a particle size d of the granular mixture is 3-5 times of that of sediment in the state of incipient motion under the action of an extreme flow velocity in local natural conditions.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] FIG. 1 shows the stress of the granular mixture on the slope;

[0020] FIG. 2 is a side view of local scour protection around the pier with combination the downward bivariate normal distribution surface and a granular mixture.

[0021] FIG. 3 is a top view of local scour protection around the pier with combinating the downward bivariate normal distribution surface and granular mixture.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0022] The purpose and effect of the present application will become clearer from the following detailed description of the present application according to the drawings and preferred embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only intended to explain the present application, rather than to limit the present application.

[0023] Firstly, the stress of the granular mixture in the scour hole at a pier will be introduced. As shown in FIG. 1, the force exerted on the surface of the scour hole by particles of the granular mixture can be simplified as gravity, bed resistance, buoyancy force and water flow force.

[0024] Gravity of the granular mixture:

[00004]$G=\frac{1}{6}\pi d^3\rho g$

[0025] Buoyancy force:

[00005]$F_T=\frac{1}{6}\pi d^3{\rho }_{w}g$

[0026] Effective gravity: G′=G−F.sub.T

[0027] Flow force:

[00006]$F=\frac{1}{2}{C}_D{\rho }_w{u}^{2}A,$

where A is an area of an upstream face:

[00007]$A=\frac{1}{4}\pi d^2,$

C.sub.D is a thrust coefficient;

[0028] Bed resistance: f.sub.1-the friction force exerted on the particles at the bottom of the scour hole.

[0029] f.sub.2-the friction force exerted on the particles on the slope of the scour hole.

[0030] d is the diameter of the granular mixture; u is the water flow velocity; ρ is the density of the granular mixture; ρ.sub.w is water density; g is the acceleration of gravity, which is 9.8 N/kg.

[0031] According to the field observation data of a sea-crossing bridge, in the tidal-dominated channel estuary environment, the lengths of the front and rear scour holes of the pier are basically equal, and the angles between the slopes of the front and rear scour holes and the horizontal direction are also roughly equal. As shown in FIG. 2, it is a pier scour protection device with combinating the bivariate normal distribution surface and granular mixture. When the local scour holes around the bottom of the pier or bridge pile reach a set depth, the bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure is laid, and a granular mixture with a specific thickness is laid inside the bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure. The bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure is a section of the bivariate normal distribution surface shell with a thickness of a. The shape of the pier scour protection device will be introduced in detail below.

[0032] Furthermore, the bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure is a section of the bivariate normal distribution surface shell with a thickness of α, a bottom of the bivariate normal distribution surface is located at mh.sub.b below a bed surface, where h.sub.b is a maximum depth of the scour hole, and m=0.7-0.9. By taking an intersection point between a center of the pier and a river bed plane that has not been washed as an origin, a water flow direction as a positive direction of an x axis, a direction perpendicular to the water flow direction in a horizontal plane as a y axis, a downward direction of an axis of the pier as a positive direction of a Z axis, an inner surface is the bivariate normal distribution surface shell satisfying the following equation:

[00008]$z=h_0+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi }\sigma }\exp \left(-\frac{x^2+y^2}{2{\sigma }^2}\right)$$\sqrt{x^2+y^2}>\frac{D}{2}+l$

[0033] where x, y, z are the coordinates of points of the inner surface of the bivariate normal distribution surface shell, l is a distance of a gap between the inner surface of the bivariate normal distribution surface shell and a surface of the pier after the bivariate normal distribution surface shell is sleeved on the pier; σ is a variance value related to a range of the scour hole, h.sub.0 is a distance from an upper part of the normal curved surface shell to the bed surface. A bottom of the bivariate normal distribution surface is located at mh.sub.b below a bed surface, where h.sub.b is a maximum depth of the scour hole, and m=0.7-0.9.

[0034] After the scour hole is formed, the normal curved surface structure is sunk into the scour hole. Due to its own weight, the structure will compact the sediment in the hole and fix it onto the surface of the scour hole.

[0035] Further, in order to firmly fix the revolving normal curved surface protection structure, a section of a cylindrical sleeve-shaped base is continuously provided at the lower end of the revolving normal curved surface protection structure, and vertically inserted into the sediment layer, so that the bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure is fixed on the riverbed at the bottom of the scour hole. The bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure also comprises a cylindrical sleeve-shaped base inserted into the riverbed for fixing the normal curved surface shell, the thickness of which is the same as that of the bivariate normal distribution surface shell, and the inner surface of the cylindrical sleeve-shaped base satisfies the following relationship:

[00009]$\{\begin{array}{c}\sqrt{x^2+y^2}=\frac{D}{2}+l\\ z\in \left(m{h}_b,m{h}_b+h_c\right)\end{array}\hspace{1em}$

[0036] When the base is provided, h.sub.c is the depth at which the bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure is inserted into the bottom of the riverbed. Further, a=0.1-0.3 m, h.sub.c=1-2 m.

[0037] FIG. 3 is a top view of the protection structure and the granular mixture. The particle size d and thickness Δh of the laid granular mixture are determined through the analysis on the stress of the granular mixture on the bivariate normal distribution surface according to the calculation method of the starting velocity of the granular mixture slope, so as to play the most effective protective function. On the one hand, the particle size d and laying thickness Δh of the granular mixture can ensure that the granular mixture will not be moved out of the scour hole; on the other hand, the abrasion of the granular mixture to the structure can be avoided. There is a certain gap between the bivariate normal distribution surface structure and the pier to avoid impact force on the pier. Therefore, the thickness of the granular mixture layer is determined as follows.

[0038] If it is ensured that the particles will not be washed away from the protection structure, the following conditions should be satisfied: before the particles are washed to the edge of the bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure, the velocity thereof should be reduced to zero and fall back to the bottom of the scour hole, that is, the sum of the positive work done by the water flow force and the buoyancy force is less than the sum of the negative work done by the gravity and the surface resistance. In addition, it is assumed that the original maximum scour depth is h.sub.b, the water flow velocity is u, the pier diameter D, μ is a resistance coefficient of the surface of the granular mixture layer in the scour hole. The thickness of the paved granular mixture layer is Δh=λh.sub.b, the particle size is d, and the flow velocity under extreme hydrodynamic conditions is u.sub.2. Namely, W.sub.F.sub.w+W.sub.FT≤W.sub.G+W.sub.f.

[0039] The following can be obtained by deformation:

[00010]$0<\lambda \le 1-\frac{\left(F_w-\mu G^{\prime }\right)}{G\text{'}+\left(F_w-\mu G^{\prime }\right)\cot \beta }\frac{L}{h_b}$$G^{\prime }=\frac{1}{6}\pi d^3\left(\rho -{\rho }_w\right)g$

[0040] where G′ is an effective gravity of particles of the granular mixture; F.sub.w, is a water flow force; μ is a friction coefficient of the bed surface of the scour hole; L is a length of the scour hole; α and β are angles between slope surfaces in the front and back of the scour hole and a horizontal plane, and ρ.sub.w, is a water density.

[0041] Preferably, the particle size of the adopted granular mixture is 3-5 times of the particle size of sediment in the incipient motion under the action of an extreme flow velocity in local natural conditions (before a bridge is built).

[0042] The pier scour protection device combined with a downward bivariate normal distribution surface and a granular mixture of the present application is laid in local scour holes around the pier, and the vortex is eliminated by the gaps in the granular mixture and the energy of the vortex body is consumed by the movement of the granular mixture on the slope, so as to reduce the intensity of the water flow turbulence and horseshoe-shaped vortex around the pier and reduce the scouring effect of horseshoe-shaped vortex on the pier and its protection structure. The gap between the particles can reduce the wake vortex around the pier and effectively absorb the energy of the horseshoe-shaped vortex. At the same time, the granular mixture will move obliquely away from the pier along the bivariate normal distribution surface under the action of downflow, and then fall back under the action of gravity, converting the kinetic energy of the water flow into the kinetic energy and potential energy of the granular mixture, which can further consume the energy of the downflow and horseshoe-shaped vortex. The weight of the granular mixture layer increases the compaction effect of the bivariate normal distribution surface structure on the sediment under the structure, which is helpful to maintain the stability of the protection structure.

[0043] For other aquatic buildings, the corresponding curved surface structure and granular mixture can be designed with reference to the protection method provided by the present application, and the present application has a guiding effect on the foundation scour protection of aquatic buildings.

[0044] It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only the preferred examples of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing examples or replace some of their technical features equivalently. Within the spirit and principle of the present application, the modifications, equivalent replacements and the like shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.