Multi-jet abrasive head

Abstract

Multi-jet abrasive head for cleaning/removing material surfaces and splitting/cutting materials by a liquid beam enriched with solid abrasive particles with a uniform velocity and density profile allowing the cutting power to be increased with more efficient cutting beam usage.

Claims

1. A multi jet abrasive head containing a mixing chamber (22) equipped with infeeds (28) of a gas and abrasive mixture (94) connected to an abrasive jet (23) characterized by containing at least one set of two liquid jets (21) positioned around a tool axis (55), while each liquid jet (21) leads into a common channel (27) connected to a mixing chamber (22), while a liquid jet (21) axis (56) makes an angle of 0.5° to 45° with the tool axis (55), while the liquid jets (21) positioned in a set are at equal distances from the tool axis (55), and wherein each liquid jet has the same angle as the other liquid jet in a set, and wherein the liquid jets are positioned in a rotationally symmetric pattern around the tool axis (55) or against each other; wherein the axes (56) of individual liquid jets (21) have a common intersection with the tool axis (55) in the common channel (27) before entering the mixing chamber (22) in a flow direction.

2. The multi-jet abrasive head according to claim 1 characterized by an infeed channel (25) located between a liquid jet (21) of the two liquid jets and the common channel (27), while the liquid jet (21) axis (56) of the liquid jet of the two liquid jets is parallel to the infeed channel axis (25).

3. The multi-jet abrasive head according to claim 2 characterized by the infeed channel axis (56) and the liquid jet (21) axis (56) of the liquid jet of the two liquid jets making an angle of 2° to 25° with the tool axis (55).

4. The multi jet abrasive head according to claim 2, wherein the infeed channel comprises separated infeed channels (25) being equipped with clean gas (96) infeeds (26).

5. The multi-jet abrasive head according to claim 1 characterized by containing a single set of three liquid jets (21).

6. The multi-jet abrasive head according to claim 1 characterized by containing a single set of four liquid jets (21).

7. The multi-jet abrasive head according to claim 1 characterized by the common channel (27) being equipped with a clean gas (96) infeed (26).

8. The multi-jet abrasive head according to claim 1 characterized by the common channel (27) being tapered (29) before entering the mixing chamber (22).

9. The multi-jet abrasive head according to claim 8 characterized by the common channel (27) tapering (29) formed by an inserted jet.

10. The multi-jet abrasive head according to claim 8 characterized by an output diameter (29) of the common channel tapering being smaller than the diameter of a cylindrical section (75) of the abrasive jet (23).

11. A multi jet abrasive head containing a mixing chamber (22) equipped with infeeds (28) of the gas and abrasive mixture (94) connected to an abrasive jet (23) characterized by a first set of liquid jets and a second set of liquid jets (21) positioned around a tool axis (55), while each liquid jet (21) leads into a common channel (27) connected to a mixing chamber (22), while a liquid jet (21) axis (56) makes an angle of 0.5° to 45° with the tool axis (55), while the liquid jets (21) positioned in a set are at equal distances from the abrasive jet's output (23) under the same angle between the liquid jet (21) axis (56) and the tool axis (55), they are positioned in a rotationally symmetric pattern around the tool axis (55) or against each other with a common intersection of the liquid jet (21) axes (56) and the tool axis (55) in a common channel (27) before entering the mixing chamber (22) in the flow direction; wherein the first set of liquid jets contains three liquid jets (21) positioned around the tool axis (55) in a rotationally symmetric pattern and the second set of liquid jets (21) contains two jets (21) positioned against each other with the second set being closer to the abrasive jet (23) output than the first set.

Description

SUMMARY OF PRESENTED DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1: A. Technology status. Velocity profile shape (longitudinal section) in the abrasive jet for the abrasive head with a single liquid jet. B. Technology status. Velocity profile shape (cross-section) in the abrasive jet for the abrasive head with a single liquid jet currently in use.

(2) FIG. 2: A. Velocity profile shape in the abrasive jet (longitudinal section) for a tool with three liquid jets. B. Velocity profile shape in the abrasive jet (cross-section) for a tool with multiple liquid jets.

(3) FIG. 3: A. Abrasive head according to example 1 with three liquid jets 21 with clean gas 96 infeed 26 through separated infeed channels 25 and four infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive 94 mixture. B. Detailed cross-sectional view of the tool with marked axes.

(4) FIG. 4: A. Abrasive head according to example 3 with five liquid jets 21 in two sets with clean gas 96 infeed 26 through separated infeed channels 25 and three infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive 94 mixture into the mixing chamber 22. B. Detailed cross-sectional view of the tool with marked axes.

(5) FIG. 5: A. Abrasive head according to example 2 with four liquid jets 21 and clean gas 96 infeed 26 through separated infeed channels 25 and four infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive 94 mixture into the mixing chamber 22. B. Detailed cross-sectional view of the tool with marked axes.

(6) FIG. 6: Visualization of individual liquid beams 95 their intersection and the common beam for the tool design according to example 2 with four liquid jets 21 and four separated infeed channels 25.

(7) FIG. 7: Layout example of five liquid jets 21 relative to the tool axis 55.

(8) FIG. 8: A. Technology status. A tool without separate clean gas infeed 96 with a single liquid jet 21. B. Visualization of clean gas 96 flowing through channel 25 downstream the liquid beam flow 95.

(9) FIG. 9: A. Abrasive head according to example 4 with three liquid jets 21 with separated infeed channels 25 and four infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive 94 mixture. B. Detailed cross-sectional view of the tool with marked axes.

(10) FIG. 10: A. Abrasive head according to example 5 with two liquid jets 21 leading directly to the common channel 27 and three infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive 94 mixture.

EXAMPLES OF INVENTION EXECUTION

Example 1

(11) An abrasive head with three liquid (water) jets and clean gas intake through separated infeed channels and four inputs of the intaken gas and abrasive mixture.

(12) FIG. 3 shows an example of the tool design with three water jets 21, while the water jets 21 are positioned in a rotationally symmetric pattern around the tool axis 55 after the pressurized liquid infeed 71. The axes 56 of the water jets 21 and those of the separated infeed channels 25 make an angle of 8° with the tool axis 55. Each water jet 21 is connected to its own infeed channel 25 with a constant diameter which allows the high-speed liquid beam 95 to flow from a given water jet 21 into the intersection defined by the intersection 56 of the fluid jet axes 21 and the tool axis 55. Each infeed channel 25 is equipped with clean a gas 96 infeed 26, while the clean gas 96 is being automatically intaken into the separated infeed channels 25. Three separated infeed channels 25 merge into one common channel 27 with a constant diameter. At this point, individual liquid beams 95 merge into one common beam continuing along the tool axis 55 into the mixing chamber 22, to which the common channel 27 is connected. Four gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeeds 28 lead into the mixing chamber 22. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 enters the mixing chamber 22 through the infeeds 12 of the gas and abrasive mixtures 94 by boosting. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam 95 enters the abrasive jet 23 connected to the mixing chamber. The abrasive jet 23 is positioned in the tool axis 55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs before impacting on the cut material.

(13) The abrasive head's supporting housing where liquid jets 21, mixing chamber housing 22 and abrasive jet housing 23 contains separated infeed channels 25, common channel 27 and is made of 17-4PH steel. The mixing chamber housing 22 is made of hard metal. The abrasive jet's housing 12 is also made of hard metal. Clean gas 96 infeeds 26 made of 17022 steel are connected to the abrasive head's supporting housing. Gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeeds 28 made of 17022 steel are connected to the abrasive head's supporting housing.

(14) In case of a tool made according to example 1, there is no gas recirculation thanks to the presence of clean gas 96 infeeds 26 into the separated infeed channels 25. The cutting and velocity profile of such tool is very efficient thanks to the presence of three liquid jets 21, with the cutting profile having a three-corner star shape, the velocity profile of such tool reaches three times more uniform velocity distribution as opposed to the technology status—i.e. single-jet layout without separate clean gas 96 connections 26.

Example 2

(15) An abrasive head with four liquid (water) jets and clean gas intake through separated infeed channels and four inputs of the intaken gas and abrasive mixture into the mixing chamber.

(16) FIGS. 5a and 5b show an example of the tool design with four water jets 21, while the water jets 21 are positioned in a rotationally symmetric pattern around the tool axis 55 after the pressurized liquid infeed 73. The axes 56 of the water jets 21 and those of the separated infeed channels 25 make an angle of 15° with the tool axis 55. Each water jet 21 is connected to its own infeed channel 25 with a constant diameter which allows the high-speed liquid beam 95 to flow from a given water jet 21 into the intersection defined by the intersection 56 of the fluid jet axes 21 and the tool axis 55. Each infeed channel 25 is equipped with clean a gas 96 infeed 26, while the clean gas 96 is being automatically intaken into the separated infeed channels 25. The clean gas 96 infeeds 26 lead into the common clean gas 96 distributor 72. Four separated infeed channels 25 merge into one common channel 27 with a constant diameter. At this point, individual liquid beams 95 merge into one common beam continuing along the tool axis 55. The common channel 27 is tapered 29 before entering the mixing chamber 22. Four gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeeds 28 lead into the mixing chamber 22. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 enters the mixing chamber 22 through the infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive mixtures 94 automatically by suction in the mixing chamber 22. The gas and abrasive 94 mixture infeeds 28 are connected to the common distributor 21 of the gas 94 and abrasive mixture. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam 95 enters the abrasive jet 23. The abrasive jet 23 is positioned in the tool axis 55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs before impacting on the cut material.

(17) The abrasive head's supporting housing where liquid jet housing 21, tapering 29, mixing chamber housing 22 and abrasive head housing 23, is made of 17-4PH steel. The jet housing where the water jets 21 are positioned is made of 17346 steel. The tapering housing 29 is made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The mixing chamber housing 22 is made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The abrasive jet's housing 23 is made of hard metal. The clean gas 96 infeed 26 is made of PVC. The clean gas 96 distributor housing 72 is made is 17022 steel. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeed 28 is made of PVC. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 distributor housing 71 is made is 17346 steel.

(18) In case of a tool made according to example 2, there is no gas recirculation thanks to the presence of clean gas 96 infeeds 26 into the separated infeed channels 25. The cutting and velocity profile of such tool is very efficient thanks to the presence of four liquid jets 21, with the cutting profile having a four-corner star shape, the velocity profile of such tool reaches nearly three times more uniform velocity distribution as opposed to the technology status—i.e. single-jet layout without separate clean gas 96 connections 26.

Example 3

(19) An abrasive head with five liquid (water) jets positioned in two depths of the unit and clean gas intake through separated infeed channels and three inputs of the intaken gas and abrasive mixture into the mixing chamber.

(20) FIG. 4 shows an example of the tool design with five water jets 21 positioned in two sets, while the water jets 21 are positioned in a rotationally symmetric two-depth pattern around the tool axis 55 after the pressurized liquid infeed 73. The axes 56 of the water jets 21 in the first set and those of the separated infeed channels 25 make an angle of 12° with the tool axis 55. The axes 56 of the water jets 21 in the second set and those of the separated infeed channels 25 make an angle of 10° with the tool axis 55. Each water jet 21 is connected to its own infeed channel 25 with a constant diameter which allows the high-speed liquid beam 95 to flow from a given water jet 21 into the intersection defined by the intersection 56 of the fluid jet axes 21 and the tool axis 55. The tool incorporates two intersection. First, the first three axes 56 of the liquid jets 21 intersect along with the tool axis 55. Then, another two axes 56 of the liquid jets 21 meet at the second point of intersection along with the 55 tool axis and the merged beam of the first three liquid jets 21. Each infeed channel 25 is equipped with clean a gas 2 infeed 26, while the clean gas 96 is being automatically intaken into the separated infeed channels 25. The clean gas 96 infeeds 26 lead into the common clean gas 96 distributor 72. Three separated infeed channels 25 merge into one common channel 27 with a constant diameter. At this point, individual liquid beams 95 merge into one common beam continuing along the tool axis 55. The common channel 27 is tapered 29 before entering the mixing chamber 22. The first intersection is located at the common channel 27, the second intersection is located at the 29 tapering respectively. At this point, all liquid beams 95 merge into one common beam continuing along the tool axis 55 into the mixing chamber 22. Four gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeeds 28 lead into the mixing chamber 22. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 enters the mixing chamber 22 through the infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive mixtures 94 automatically by suction in the mixing chamber 22. The gas and abrasive 94 mixture infeeds 28 are connected to the common distributor 71 of the gas 94 and abrasive mixture. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam 95 enters the abrasive jet 23. The abrasive jet 23 is positioned in the tool axis 55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs before impacting on the cut material.

(21) The abrasive head's supporting housing where liquid jets 21, tapering 29 formed by the inserted jet housing, mixing chamber housing 22 and abrasive head housing 23, is made of 17346 steel. The mixing chamber housing 22 is made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The abrasive jet's housing 23 is made of hard metal. The clean gas 96 infeed 26 is made of 17-4PH steel. The clean gas 96 distributor housing 72 is made is 17022 steel. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeed 28 is made of PVC. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 distributor housing 71 is made is 17346 steel.

(22) In case of a tool made according to example 3, there is no gas recirculation thanks to the presence of clean gas 96 infeeds 26 into the separared infeed channels 25. The cutting and velocity profile of such tool is very efficient thanks to the presence of five liquid jets 21, with the cutting profile having a five-corner star shape, the velocity profile of such tool reaches over three times more uniform velocity distribution as opposed to the technology status—i.e. single-jet layout without separate clean gas 96 connections 26.

Example 4

(23) An abrasive head with three liquid (water) jets without clean gas intake through separated infeed channels and four inputs of the intaken gas and abrasive mixture.

(24) FIG. 9 shows an example of the tool design with three water jets 21, while the water jets 21 are positioned in a rotationally symmetric pattern around the tool axis 55 after the pressurized liquid infeed 73. The axes 56 of the water jets 21 and those of the separated infeed channels 25 make an angle of 25° with the tool axis 55. Each water jet 21 is connected to its own infeed channel 25 with a constant diameter which allows the high-speed liquid beam 95 to flow from a given water jet 21 into the intersection defined by the intersection 56 of the fluid jet axes 21 and the tool axis 55. Three separated infeed channels 25 merge into one common channel 27 with a constant diameter. At this point, individual liquid beams 95 merge into one common beam continuing along the tool axis 55 into the mixing chamber 22, to which the common channel 27 is connected. Three gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeeds 28 lead into the mixing chamber 22. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 enters the mixing chamber 22 through the infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive mixtures 94 by boosting. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam 95 enters the abrasive jet 23 connected to the mixing chamber. The abrasive jet 23 is positioned in the tool axis 55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs before impacting on the cut material.

(25) The abrasive head's supporting housing where liquid jets 21, mixing chamber housing 22 and abrasive jet housing 23 contains separated infeed channels 25, common channel 27 and is made of 17-4PH steel. The mixing chamber housing 22 is made of hard metal. The abrasive jet's housing 23 is also made of hard metal. Clean gas 92 infeeds 26 made of 17022 steel are connected to the abrasive head's supporting housing. Gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeeds 28 made of 17022 steel are connected to the abrasive head's supporting housing.

(26) Although some gas recirculation occurs in the tool made according to example 4, the cutting and velocity profile of such tool is very efficient thanks to the presence of three liquid jets 21, with the cutting profile having a three-corner star shape, the velocity profile of such tool reaches two times more uniform velocity distribution as opposed to the technology status—i.e. single-jet layout.

Example 5

(27) An abrasive head with two liquid (water) jets and clean gas intake into the common channel and three inputs of the intaken gas and abrasive mixture.

(28) FIG. 10 shows an example of the tool design with two water jets 21, while the water jets 21 are positioned against around the tool axis 45 after the pressurized liquid infeed 73. The water jet 21 axes 56 make an angle of 2° with the tool axis 55. Both water jets 21 lead directly into the common channel 27. At the common channel 27, individual liquid beams 95 merge into one common beam continuing along the tool axis 55 into the mixing chamber 22, to which the common channel 27 is connected. Three gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeeds 28 lead into the mixing chamber 22. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 enters the mixing chamber 22 through the infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive mixtures 94 automatically by suction in the mixing chamber 22. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam 95 enters the abrasive jet 23 connected to the mixing chamber. The abrasive jet 23 is positioned in the tool axis 55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs before impacting on the cut material.

(29) The abrasive head's supporting housing where liquid jets 12, mixing chamber housing 22 and abrasive jet housing 23 contains common channel 27 and is made of 17-4PH steel. The mixing chamber housing 22 is made of hard metal. The abrasive jet's housing 23 is also made of hard metal. Clean gas 96 infeeds 26 made of 17022 steel are connected to the abrasive head's supporting housing. Gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeeds 28 made of 17-4PH steel are connected to the abrasive head's supporting housing.

(30) The cutting and velocity profile of such tool is very efficient thanks to the presence of two liquid jets 21, with the cutting profile having a three-corner star shape, the velocity profile of such tool reaches two times more uniform velocity distribution as opposed to the technology status—i.e. single-jet layout.

LIST OF MARKS FOR TERMS

(31) 21—liquid jet 22—mixing chamber 23—abrasive jet 25—infeed channel 26—clean gas 96 infeeds 27—common channel 28—infeeds of gas and abrasive mixture 94 29—common channel 27 tapering 55—tool axis 56—liquid jet 21 axis 65—mixture velocity profile shape in a single-jet abrasive head 66—mixture velocity profile shape in a multi-jet abrasive head 71—distributor of gas and abrasive mixture 94 72—clean gas 96 distributor 73—pressurized liquid infeed 75—cylindrical section of abrasive jet 23 92—common liquid beam 94—mixture of gas and abrasive 95—liquid beam 96—clean gas

APPLICABILITY IN INDUSTRY

(32) Cleaning materials, removing material surfaces, splitting or cutting materials by liquid beam enriched with abrasive solid particles.