METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A CELLULOSE PRODUCT BY A PRESSURE MOULDING APPARATUS, PRESSURE MOULDING APPARATUS AND CELLULOSE PRODUCT

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a cellulose product having a flat or non-flat product shape by a pressure moulding apparatus comprising a forming mould. The forming mould has a forming surface defining said product shape, The method comprises the steps of:

arranging a cellulose blank containing less than 45 weight percent water in said forming mould; heating said cellulose blank to a forming temperature in the range of 100° C. to 200° C.; and pressing said cellulose blank by means of said forming mould with a forming pressure acting on the cellulose blank across said forming surface, said forming pressure being in the range of 1 MPa to 100 MPa.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a cellulose product having a non-flat product shape by a pressure moulding apparatus comprising a forming mould, the forming mould having at least two openable and closable negative forming surfaces or parts defining said product shape, comprising the steps of: arranging a cellulose blank with loose and separated fibres containing less than 45 weight percent water in said forming mould; heating said cellulose blank to a forming temperature in the range of 100° C. to 200° C.; and pressing said cellulose blank by means of said forming mould with a forming pressure acting on the cellulose blank across said forming surface, said forming pressure being in the range of 1 MPa to 100 MPa, wherein an isostatic pressure is obtained in force defined compressing devices, wherein said compressing devices comprises a flexible barrier or a membrane separating the cellulose blank from a pressure media, wherein: said forming mould comprises the flexible barrier or membrane and said pressure moulding apparatus further comprises a fluid control device for controlling a fluid, the pressure media, to exert the isostatic pressure on said cellulose blank via said fluid impermeable membrane.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said cellulose blank contains less than 25 weight percent water, specifically less than 15 weight percent water.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said cellulose blank comprises wood pulp, specifically at least 90 weight percent wood pulp.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of heating at least partly takes place before said step of pressing.

5. The method according claim 1, wherein the forming mould comprises a forming mould part and pressure mould part and at least one of said forming mould part and pressure mould part is heated before said step of pressing.

6. A pressure moulding apparatus for manufacturing a cellulose product having a non-flat product shape starting from a cellulose blank with loose and separated fibres comprising: a forming mould at least two openable and closable negative forming surfaces or parts defining said product shape, wherein an isostatic pressure is obtained in force defined compressing devices, wherein said compressing devices comprises a flexible barrier or a membrane surrounding and separating the cellulose blank from a pressure media, wherein: said forming mould comprises the flexible barrier or membrane; and said pressure moulding apparatus further comprises a fluid control device configured to control a fluid, the pressure media, to exert the isostatic pressure on said cellulose blank via said fluid impermeable membrane, wherein, the flexible membrane is arranged between said fluid control device and said cellulose blank.

7. A cellulose product having a non-flat shape comprising compressed loose and separated fibres, wherein the cellulose product is a hollow bottle.

8. A cellulose product according to claim 7, wherein the cellulose product is mainly uniform in thickness.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0054] These and other aspects of the present invention will now be described in more detail, with reference to the appended drawings showing example embodiments of the invention, wherein:

[0055] FIG. 1a-c schematically show a conventional press method, compressing device and component;

[0056] FIG. 2a-b schematically show an alternative configuration of the compressing device, using multi-use membrane, shown initial stage (a) and compressed stage (b) according to an example embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] FIG. 3a-b schematically show an alternative configuration of the compressing device, comprising single-use material integrated barrier, shown initial stage (a) and compressed stage (b) according to an example embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] FIG. 4a-d schematically show an alternative configuration of the compressing device and component, using single-use material integrated barrier and blow moulding, shown initial stage (a & b) and compressed stage (c) according to an example embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] FIG. 5a-b schematically show an alternative configuration of the compressing device, using multi-use membrane, shown initial stage (a) and compressed stage (b) according to an example embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] FIG. 6a-c schematically show an alternative configuration of the compressing, using cavity compensating pressure control, shown initial stage (a & b) and compressed stage (c) according to an example embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] FIG. 7a-b schematically show an alternative configuration of the compressing device, using blank thickness compensation, shown initial stage (a) and compressed stage (b) according to an example embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] FIG. 8a-c schematically show an alternative configuration of the compressing device, using a massive flexible membrane; and

[0063] FIG. 9a-c schematically show another alternative configuration of the compressing device, using a massive flexible membrane.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

[0064] Various aspects of the disclosure will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings to illustrate and not to limit the disclosure, wherein like designations denote like elements, and variations of the described aspects are not restricted to the specifically shown embodiments, but are applicable on other variations of the disclosure.

[0065] In the present detailed description, a method for manufacturing a cellulose product, a pressure moulding apparatus, and a cellulose product will be described.

[0066] Various embodiments of sheet materials or blanks according to the disclosure are mainly discussed with reference to a cellulose blank placed in position for forming in a forming mould, in a flat shape. It should be noted that this by no means limits the scope of the present invention, which equally well includes, for example, a blank pre-shaped into a three-dimensional object. For instance, the blank may be presented to the forming mould in a shape similar to the desired final shape of the object. Another embodiment could comprise a cellulose blank, which is supplied to the mould in a web on a roll.

[0067] A flat shape may refer to a generally two-dimensional (2D) shape, such as for example the shape of a blank or a sheet material, and essentially non-flat shapes may refer to any suitable three-dimensional (3D) shape. An object according to the disclosure may be made in a two-dimensional shape, a three-dimensional shape, or formed into a three-dimensional shape from a two-dimensional blank or sheet material.

[0068] Moreover, by schematically showing a coherent sheet of cellulose fibres, this will by no means limit the scope of present invention, which equally well includes, for example, blanks with loose and separated fibres applied to the forming mould.

[0069] In the present detailed description, various embodiments of the three-dimensional object to be formed and the mould to form the objects according to the present invention are mainly discussed with reference to a hollow bowl, a hollow cup or a hollow bottle, with mainly uniform thickness. It should be noted that this by no means limits the scope of the present invention, which equally well includes, for example, complex shapes with different thickness, non-hollow portions or massive objects. For instance, the object can advantageously comprise stiffeners, creases, holes, 3D shaped text, hinges, locks, threads, snaps, feet, handles or surface patterns.

[0070] FIGS. 1a-c illustrate a conventional press method, compressing device and a component produced with non-isostatic pressure method and device.

[0071] FIG. 1a is a schematic side view of a prior art compressing device in a non-compressed state having a negative upper mould 102b and a positive lower forming mould 102a and a sheet of cellulose fibres 101a.

[0072] FIG. 1b is a schematic side view of a prior art compressing device in a compressed state having a negative upper pressure mould 102b and a positive lower forming mould 102a and a sheet of cellulose fibres 101a partly compressed by the force F forming the desired final shape 101b by using heat and pressure P.

[0073] As is customary, the thickness of the final component 101b is uniform and consequently the thickness of the cavity t.sub.1=r.sub.b−r.sub.a between the two moulds 102a and 102b is uniform. Since conventional tools for compressing is made of stiff metal, or similar non-flexible material, and since dry cellulose fibres not behave as a pressure equalising fluid, the pressure P in said cavity will depend on the amount of present blank 101 and the local pressure generating principle.

[0074] The local pressure generating principle at pressure P.sub.2 and P.sub.5 is defined by the force F. The local pressure generating principle at P.sub.4 is defined by the geometry of the cavity and the amount of present blank 101. The local pressure P.sub.3 is determined by a combination of force and shape defined pressure generating principle.

[0075] A shape defined pressure, like P.sub.4, is highly dependent of the actual present amount of blank 101. Small and normally stochastic variations in the local material supply will drastically affect the obtained local pressure. Force defined pressure has linear gain and is a far more robust process for industrial usage.

[0076] FIG. 1c illustrate a three dimensional object, component, a hemi sphere 101b produced with above described conventional compression method. Since it is likely that some blank 101a will be stretched when the blank 101a bends over the lower mould 102a when the upper pressure mould 102b closes the tool over the blank 101a, the mechanical properties is different in location 101b P.sub.4 than in location 101b P.sub.2 of the finished component 101b.

[0077] A force defined compressing device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to FIGS. 2a-b. In FIG. 2a, a schematic side view of a compressing device or pressure moulding apparatus, in the form of a forming mould 3 for cellulose fibres using heat is shown in an open state. The compressing device or forming mould may be constructed so that an isostatic pressure is applied when forming the cellulose product. The pressure applied may also be non-isostatic so that different pressure levels are applied in different parts of the forming mould 3 when forming the cellulose product. The forming mould 3 comprises at least one forming surface defining said product shape.

[0078] The forming mould 3 of this embodiment of the present disclosure uses one stiff forming mould part 2a placed under a multi-use membrane 4. The membrane 4 constitutes a seal for a pressure media or fluid 5, such as for example hydraulic oil, contained in a pressure chamber, not shown in the figure. The membrane 4, also called diaphragm, can preferably be made of rubber, silicon, elastomer or polyurethane.

[0079] Similar press devices are found in completely different industries like for example when forming metal sheets for aircrafts or processing of metallic powder into homogeneous materials. For instance, isostatic presses for conventional purposes normally uses very high pressure, such as within the range 1000-2000 bar.

[0080] The cellulose blank 1a, mainly comprising cellulose fibres with some additives and agents, has as shown in FIG. 2a been placed in a gap between the membrane 4 and the stiff forming mould part 2a, which in FIG. 2a is arranged below the membrane 4. The cellulose blank 1a may also contain an amount of water, which for example may depend on the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere.

[0081] In order to form the cellulose product, or a part of a cellulose product, from the cellulose blank 1a, the cellulose blank 1a, has to be heated to a forming temperature T.sub.1, which may be in the range 100° C. to 200° C. The forming mould part 2a may be heated to a desired temperature T.sub.2 so that heat is transferred to the cellulose blank 1a in order to achieve the forming temperature T.sub.1 of the cellulose blank 1a. The forming mould 3 may for example be pre-heated to a temperature of 150-170° C. by pumping heated oil into internal channels 7 of the forming mould part 2a. An alternative way to pre-heat the forming mould 3 is to use integrated electrical resistors, not shown in the figure. The cellulose blank 1a can also be pre-heated, for example by using infrared rays prior to tool entrance. Heating the pressure media 5 to a pressure media temperature T.sub.5 may also be a suitable alternative.

[0082] In FIG. 2b, the hydraulic oil 5 has been pressurized to a pressure of at least 1 MPa, and the membrane 4 has wrapped the heated forming mould 2a with the compressed material 1b forming the cellulose product in-between. A suitable pressure P.sub.1 when forming the cellulose product may be within the range 1-100 MPa. By applying a suitable pressure P.sub.1, the cellulose fibres are compressed. The applied pressure P.sub.1 may be uniform or isostatic in order to compress the cellulose fibres evenly regardless of their relative position on the forming mould 2a and regardless of the actual local amount of fibres. In an alternative embodiment, the pressure may instead be non-isostatic so that different pressure levels in different parts of the forming mould 3 are used to form the cellulose product. This may for example be used if different structural properties in different parts of the cellulose product are desired.

[0083] The compressing device may comprise a fluid control device (not shown in the figures) and may be an actuator compressing the fluid 5 or a fluid flow control device for controllable allowing pressurized fluid 5 to enter the pressure chamber having the flexible membrane 4 as a portion of a wall thereof. The apparatus may comprise the fluid 5, or the fluid 5 may be air taken from the surrounding atmosphere.

[0084] The present inventors has found that a pressure P.sub.1 of 4 MPa (40 bar) at a temperature of 160° C. when forming the cellulose product gives a fibril aggregation in the cellulose fibres that compares with many thermoplastics after 10 seconds of holding time.

[0085] In order to reduce the cycle time for industrial production of cellulose products from compressed material 1b, the cooling of said compressed material 1b may for example be done by pumping cooled oil into internal channels 7 arranged in the forming mould part 2a or into the pressure chamber wherein the forming mould part 2a temperature T.sub.2 and pressure media 5 temperature T.sub.5 quickly can be lowered after the fibril aggregation has completed in the cellulose fibres.

[0086] The process and the device will return to its open state shown in FIG. 2a by lowering the pressure media 5 to atmospheric pressure P.sub.0 wherein said membrane 4 will retract to its more or less flat initial state and wherein the finished cellulose product can be ejected and preferable be cut free from unwanted residual compressed or un-compressed cellulose fibres.

[0087] The final thickness t.sub.1 of the cellulose product may vary slightly depending on the actual local amount of cellulose fibres.

[0088] In an alternative embodiment, a stiff forming mould part may be used instead of the flexible or pliable membrane 4, which may be suitable if different pressure levels are desired when forming the cellulose product. The use of a flexible membrane 4 may provide an isostatic compressing method resulting in a homogeneous cellulose product with high strength and short production cycle time.

[0089] One difference between the inventive compressing method and device in FIG. 2a-b when using isostatic pressure and the prior art method and device in FIG. 1 a-b lies in the configuration using a flexible or pliable membrane 4 instead of the stiff upper mould 102b. An isostatic compressing method and device results in a homogeneous component with high strength and short production cycle time.

[0090] Above, one example embodiment of the isostatic compressing method and device was described with reference to FIGS. 2a-b. It should be understood that forming of three-dimensional objects in all-cellulose composite using heated compression moulding of wood pulp processed with only water can be obtained in other ways while still achieving isostatic pressure.

[0091] Referring to FIGS. 3a-b, the multi-use membrane 4 in FIGS. 2a-b has been replaced with a single-use membrane comprising a thin film barrier 6 wherein said barrier 6 may be pre-applied to the cellulose blank 1a when the cellulose blank 1a was produced or wherein the film barrier 6 is provided to the compressing device, for example from rolls, not shown in the figures, and applied to the cellulose blank 1a during the isostatic compression of the cellulose blank 1a.

[0092] Said thin film barrier 6 may be made of a thermoplastic material like PET or PLA, having a thickness within the range 1-700 μm.

[0093] FIG. 3a schematically shows the method comprising a compressing device or forming mould 3 in its initial open state, using the thin film barrier 6 applied to the cellulose fibres 1a, comprising a lower negative forming mould part 2b preheated to temperature T.sub.2 and a pressure media or fluid 5, preferably gas or air at atmospheric pressure, contained in the pressure chamber, not shown in the figure.

[0094] FIG. 3b show the same device and cellulose blank 1a as shown in FIG. 3a in the compressed state wherein said pressure media 5, preferably compressed air or a non-contaminating liquid as water, has been pressurized to the pressure P.sub.1 and wherein the thin film barrier 6 separates and seals the pressure media from the compressed material 1b of the cellulose blank 1a and wherein said pressure media 5 and membrane 6 forming equal pressure acting on the cellulose fibres across the heated forming surface, with a temperature T.sub.2, of said forming mould part 2b.

[0095] By holding the equal pressure P.sub.1 at the temperature T.sub.1 for a certain period of time X, the fibril aggregation in the cellulose fibres will create a bio-composite component of the compressed material 1b with mechanical properties close to thermoplastics. If as an example, the pressure P.sub.1 being 4 MPa (40 bar), the forming temperature T.sub.1 being 140° C., the temperature T.sub.2 of the forming mould part 2b being 160° C., and the time period X being 10 seconds, the bio-composite component of the compressed material 1b with mechanical properties close to thermoplastics can be achieved.

[0096] By removing the pressure media 5 and lower the pressure to atmosphere pressure P.sub.0 after the time period X the cellulose product formed by the compressed material 1b can be ejected and if needed cut to its final shape.

[0097] One advantage with the method discussed in FIGS. 3a-b is that the film barrier 6 also can function as a barrier towards other media to be exposed to the component during usage. For example, if the cellulose product provided with the film barrier 6 is a bowl for on-the-go salads it is desired to have a barrier 6 to protect the cellulose fibres in the compressed material 1b from contact with the vegetables and to decrease the hygroscopic features of the bowl. This method could also be used for producing bottles or containers for liquid goods, and the cellulose product may thus be suitable for packaging different types of liquids or beverages, including carbonated liquids.

[0098] Turning to FIGS. 4a-d, the forming mould 3 comprises at least two openable and closable negative forming surfaces or parts 2a, 2b, surrounding a tube shaped cellulose blank 1a comprising a film barrier 6 wherein the outer layer is uncompressed cellulose 1a fibres and its additives and the inner layer 6 a single-use membrane comprising a thin film barrier 6. The blank can preferably be supplied to the compressing device in rolls, not shown in the figure, in flat shape wherein the blank is formed into a tube shape, not shown in the figure, surrounding a pressure media nozzle 8.

[0099] In FIG. 4a, the forming mould 3 with the forming surfaces or parts 2a, 2b are pre-heated to the forming mould temperature T.sub.2, and are schematically shown in the open initial stage of the forming process method. The tube shaped cellulose blank 1a with the film barrier 6 is supplied from the top surrounding the fixed pressure media nozzle 8, which means that the tube shaped cellulose blank 1a with the film barrier 6 is supplied in a direction from above into the forming surfaces 2a, 2b.

[0100] By closing the pre-heated forming mould 3 with a closing force F.sub.c which is higher than an opening force created by the pressure P.sub.1 applied by the pressure media to the inside of the forming mould 3 by the pressure media nozzle 8 shown in FIG. 4c. The closed state of the forming mould 3 with the forming surfaces 2a, 2b is schematically shown in FIGS. 4 b-c. The closing force F.sub.c and the design of the forming surfaces 2a, 2b adjacent to the top and bottom of the cavity will seal the inner volume of the cellulose blank 1a from the outside atmospheric pressure P.sub.0. In an alternative embodiment, the cellulose blank may be cut by the forming moulds from residual material when the forming mould 3 is closed.

[0101] FIG. 4c shows the forming and febrile aggregation phase of the method of present invention wherein said inner volume of the blank has been filled with pressure media 9 from the pressure media nozzle 8 and pressurized to the pressure P.sub.1 wherein the pressure media 9 and the single-use membrane 6 forming equal pressure acting on the cellulose fibres across the heated forming surface of said forming moulds 2a and 2b.

[0102] The filling process is taking place between the steps shown in FIGS. 4b and 4c, and requires air channels 10 to enable the air outside the cellulose blank 1a with the film barrier 6 in the cavity of the forming mould 3 to be drained during the blank expansion process.

[0103] FIG. 4d illustrates a three dimensional cellulose product in the form of a hollow object made from the compressed material 1b and the film barrier 6, e.g. a bottle for beverages, formed by the method described in FIG. 4a-c filled with said pressure media 9 wherein the film barrier 6 separates the pressure media 9 from the compressed cellulose fibres 1b.

[0104] According to present disclosure the pressure media 9 is constituted by the beverage that is intended to be filled into the cellulose product, such as e.g. milk, juice, water and carbonated beverages.

[0105] The film barrier 6 can preferable be made of a thin thermoplastic material like PET or PLA, having a thickness in the range of 1-700 μm, wherein the film barrier 6, conventionally applied in paper packages for beverages, also seal the cellulose fibres 1b from contact with the beverage 9 during storage and usage of the cellulose product.

[0106] The cycle time for the process step shown in FIG. 4c can be reduced if the beverage 9 is cooled to a temperature T.sub.9, for example in the range of 1-20° C., and filled fast, preferably in less than a second. If the forming mould 3 with the forming surfaces 2a, 2b is pre-heated to a mould temperature T.sub.2, which for example is 200° C. and the blank is pre-heated to a temperature T.sub.1, of for example 140° C., the pressure media temperature T.sub.9 will enable release of the filled bottle from the forming mould 3 in cycle times of seconds or even less.

[0107] FIG. 5a-b schematically show another principle of the present disclosure, wherein the compressing device comprises at least one positive forming mould part 2a, at least one negative pressure mould part 2b and a multi-use pre-shaped membrane 4, wherein the pressure media 5 is pressurized to the pressure P.sub.1 after the mould parts 2a and 2b, surrounding the cellulose blank 1a, has been closed.

[0108] The final forming stage where fibril aggregation in the cellulose fibres of the cellulose blank 1a takes place is shown in FIG. 5b. The enlarged cross section shown in FIG. 5b illustrates how the pressure media 5 penetrates into the forming mould 3 between the upper negative pressure mould part 2b and the membrane 4 wherein a pressure P.sub.1, uniformly will compress the cellulose blank 1a towards the forming surface of the pre-heated lower positive forming mould 2a. The penetration of pressure media 5 can be facilitated by minor indentations, not shown in the figure, in the surface of the upper negative pressure mould part 2b acting as micro channels for the pressure media 5.

[0109] The embodiment of the compressing device according to FIGS. 5a-b may be beneficial compared to the method discussed in FIGS. 2a-b, where shorter cycle times are preferred. The membrane 4 does not have to deform to the same extent in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5a-b.

[0110] The above described examples of the compressing method, with reference to FIGS. 2-5, comprises a flexible membrane 4, which may be used to provide an isostatic pressure. It should be understood that forming of three-dimensional objects in all-cellulose composite using heated compression moulding of wood pulps processed with only water can be obtained using conventional tools while still achieving isostatic pressure.

[0111] Referring to FIGS. 6a-c, an upper pre-heated negative non-flexible pressure mould part 2b and a lower pre-heated positive non-flexible forming mould part 2a, surrounds the cellulose blank 1a wherein the cavity thickness t(P) between the lower pre-heated positive non-flexible forming mould part 2a and the upper pre-heated negative non-flexible pressure mould part 2b deviates from nominal even thickness where the deviation is theoretically and/or practically established to create an isostatic pressure P.sub.1 on every portion of cellulose blank 1a towards the mould parts 2a and 2b when the mould parts are pressed together with the force F.

[0112] FIG. 6a schematically shows the embodiment in an initial open state with the cellulose blank in a flat state fed to the mould parts in a continuous web 1a. FIG. 6c schematically shows the embodiment in a closed state with the cellulose blank 1a in a compressed non-flat state. FIG. 6b schematically shows the embodiment in a state in-between the open and the closed, in a non-compressed non-flat state.

[0113] FIGS. 6a-c show an example of a compressing device for a hollow bowl, where the positive forming mould part 2a has a nominal, preferred, shape and where the negative pressure mould part 2b has a compensated shape in order to obtain equal pressure P.sub.1.

[0114] As shown in FIG. 6b the blank is deformed by the two mould parts 2a, 2b wherein the thickness t of the cellulose blank 1a varies due to friction and deformation restrain in the cellulose blank 1a. In this schematic example, which can be altered in many ways, the cellulose blank 1a will end up with a thinnest thickness t.sub.min, adjacent to the cavity entrance of the pressure mould 2b and a thickest thickness t.sub.max on the top of the forming mould 2a.

[0115] The cavity thickness, s, between the two mould parts 2a, 2b is therefore compensated so the most narrow cavity thickness s.sub.min is situated adjacent to where the cellulose blank is thinnest t.sub.min and the most wide cavity thickness s.sub.max is situated adjacent to where the un-compressed cellulose blank 1a is thickest t.sub.max, by means of the negative pressure mould 2b, pressing the cellulose blank 1a against the forming positive mould 2a with a substantially equal forming pressure P.sub.1 acting on the cellulose blank 1a across the forming surface.

[0116] Moreover, the relation between thickness of the cellulose blank, t, and the cavity thickness, s, and the final cavity shape, is also related to the geometrical pressure generation of the cavity. The force F determines the pressure P.sub.1 on top of the positive forming mould part 2a while the convexity, thickness and angel of the cavity adjacent to the most narrow cavity thickness s.sub.min determines the final pressure P.sub.1.

[0117] The inventors of present invention have found that the final shape of the cavity is a complex algorithm t(P) in order to obtain substantially isostatic pressure P.sub.1 where both mathematical, preferably FEM-analysis, and empirical tests, preferably trial-and-error, is required to obtain equal pressure all over the component.

[0118] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, without flexible membrane, the geometrically pressure compensated cavity in FIGS. 6a-c can be substituted with thickness compensation of the cellulose blank.

[0119] FIGS. 7a-b schematically show a traditional non-compensated pressure negative forming mould part 2b and a non-compensated positive forming mould part 2a, with a preferred equal and nominal cavity thickness, t, wherein the blank has a pressure compensated thickness between t.sub.min−t.sub.max established with same theory and in the same manner as described for the embodiment discussed in relation to FIGS. 6a-c.

[0120] The preference for the method of creating isostatic pressure without flexible membrane, presented in relation to FIGS. 6a-c and 7a-b, relates to shorter cycle time and lower cost for the compressing device. However, the development effort might be more costly for the method using stiff moulds.

[0121] The advantage for using the method described in relation to FIGS. 7a-b over the method described in relation to FIGS. 6a-c is the achieved even thickness t.sub.1 of the final cellulose product. However, the blanks might be more costly to produce in the method described in FIGS. 7 a-b.

[0122] As an alternative, the forming mould 3 may also be arranged with a membrane constructed as a massive flexible membrane structure. In FIGS. 8a-c an alternative forming mould 3 with a negative forming mould part 2b and a positive forming mould part 2a is schematically shown. The positive forming mould part 2a is applying a forming pressure, F, on a massive flexible membrane 4, which is applying an isostatic pressure on the cellulose blank 1a when forming the cellulose product. With massive flexible membrane is meant a flexible structure, which has a similar ability to apply the isostatic pressure to the cellulose blank 1a, as the membrane structures described in the embodiments above, but with a greater elastic deformation zone compared to thinner membrane structures. The massive flexible membrane 4 may be constructed with a thick membrane structure or even be made of a homogeneous body of a flexible material. The flexible material may have properties that will make the material float out between the forming mould parts when pressure is applied to the body. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8a-c, the massive flexible membrane 4 is constructed from a homogeneous body of a flexible material.

[0123] In an alternative embodiment, the massive flexible membrane 4 may have a varied thickness, where the massive flexible membrane is for example shaped or casted into a structure with a varied thickness. The thinner and thicker areas of the massive flexible membrane with varied thickness may compensate for areas in the forming mould parts which need smaller or bigger deformation of the membrane in order to equalize or even out the pressure subjected to the cellulose blank 1a. By using a massive flexible membrane structure the forming mould can be made cheaper and simpler in construction.

[0124] The massive flexible membrane 4 is constructed so that when the pressure, F, is applied from the forming mould parts, the massive flexible membrane 4 deforms in order to provide the isostatic pressure. The massive flexible membrane 4 may be made of a suitable elastomeric material, such as for example rubber, silicone, polyurethane or other elastomer. Due to the flexible properties of the massive flexible membrane 4, the massive flexible membrane 4 applies an isostatic pressure to the cellulose blank 1a.

[0125] In FIG. 8a, the cellulose blank 1a is placed between the negative forming mould part 2b and the massive flexible membrane 4. The positive forming mould part 2a is pushing the massive flexible membrane 4 and the cellulose blank 1a into the negative forming mould part 2b when the forming pressure, F, is applied to the forming mould parts, as shown in FIGS. 8a-b. When forming the cellulose product, the negative forming mould part 2b is heated to a forming mould part temperature T.sub.2 and during the forming process, the cellulose blank 1a is heated to a forming temperature T.sub.1, see FIGS. 8a-c.

[0126] In FIGS. 9a-c another alternative forming mould 3 with a negative forming mould part 2b and a positive forming mould part 2a is schematically shown. The negative forming mould part 2b is applying a forming pressure, F, on a massive flexible membrane 4, which is applying an isostatic pressure on the cellulose blank 1a when forming the cellulose product. The massive flexible membrane 4 is constructed so that when the pressure, F, is applied from the forming mould parts, the massive flexible membrane 4 deforms in order to provide the isostatic pressure. The massive flexible membrane 4 may be of the same construction as described above in relation to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8a-c. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9a-c, the massive flexible membrane 4 has a varied thickness to match the shape of the positive forming mould part 2a. Due to the flexible properties of the massive flexible membrane 4, the massive flexible membrane 4 applies an isostatic pressure to the cellulose blank 1a.

[0127] In FIG. 9a, the cellulose blank 1a is placed between the positive forming mould part 2a and the massive flexible membrane 4. The positive forming mould part 2a is pushing the cellulose blank 1a into the negative forming mould part 2b towards the massive flexible membrane 4 when the forming pressure, F, is applied to the forming mould parts, as shown in FIGS. 9a-b. When forming the cellulose product, the positive forming mould part 2a is heated to a forming mould part temperature T.sub.2 and during the forming process, the cellulose blank 1a is heated to a forming temperature T.sub.1, see FIGS. 9a-c.

[0128] In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measured cannot be used to advantage

[0129] It will be appreciated that the above description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, its application or uses. While specific examples have been described in the specification and illustrated in the drawings, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined in the claims. Furthermore, modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof.

[0130] Therefore, it is intended that the present disclosure not be limited to the particular examples illustrated by the drawings and described in the specification as the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the teachings of the present disclosure, but that the scope of the present disclosure will include any embodiments falling within the foregoing description and the appended claims.

[0131] Reference signs mentioned in the claims should not be seen as limiting the extent of the matter protected by the claims, and their sole function is to make claims easier to understand.