AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE CONTAINING ALLIUM SATIVUM AND HELIOPSIS LONGIPES EXTRACTS

Abstract

The present invention refers to an insecticidal composition based on natural extracts for control and/or elimination of pest insects in agricultural crops in greenhouse and/or in the field in general, characterized in that it comprises: a) 20%-80% of natural extract of Allium sativum; b) 20%-80% natural extract of Heliopsis longipes and c) 18% -10% of a surfactant; all of this must sum up to 100%.

The percentages of each component in the composition of the present invention provide a synergistic effect with greater effectiveness and a longer effect in combating pest insects, guaranteeing control of adults, nymphs, pupae, larvae, and eggs; especially of adults altering their eating and sexual behavior, causing paralysis and toxicity; especially in mites of agricultural importance of Acaridae, Eriophydae, Tenuipalpidae, Tetranychidae and Tarsonemidae families.

Garlic extract (Allium sativum), in its composition, has an effect on the nervous system of mites and insects in general, acting in synergy with the extract of Chilcuague (Heliopsis longipes). Chilcuague (Heliopsis longipes) extract has a paralyzing and toxic effect on mites and insects in general, mainly attacking adult populations.

The garlic extract (Allium sativum) is obtained by maceration method with settle, while the extract of chilcuague (Heliopsis longipes) is obtained by the solid-liquid extraction method with constant stirring. Both extracts are obtained using water or organic solvents and subsequently are combined and mixed with a surfactant.

Claims

1. An acaricidal composition based on natural extracts for control and/or elimination of pest insects in agricultural crops, characterized in that it comprises: a) A natural extract of Allium sativum; b) A natural extract of Heliopsis longipes and c) A surfactant

2. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: a) 20%-80% natural extract of Allium sativum; b) 20%-80% natural extract of Heliopsis longipes; c) 10%-18% of a surfactant wherein the natural extract of Allium sativum, the natural extract of Heliopsis longipes and the surfactant comprises a sum total of 100%.

3. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the percentage corresponds to the percentage by volume.

4. (canceled)

5. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition is used for the control of mites of agricultural importance of Acaridae, Eriophydae, Tenuipalpidae, Tetranychidae and Tarsonemidae families.

6. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition is applied to greenhouse or open field crops, with doses of 1 to 3 L/hectare and an average efficiency of 70 to 90% is expected.

7. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the garlic extract (Allium sativum) has an effect of 40% mite mortality mainly attacking adult populations.

8. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the chilcuague (Heliopsis longipes) extract has an effect of 60% mite mortality.

9. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the active substance responsible for the biological effects of chilcuague is spilanthol alkamide.

10. (canceled)

11. A composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the mixture of extracts of chilcuague (Heliopsis longipes) and garlic (Allium sativum), has a mortality effect between 70 and 90% in mites of agricultural importance, showing a synergistic effect of both extracts in the mixture.

12. A composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the mixture of extracts of chilcuague (Heliopsis longipes) and garlic (Allium sativum), has a mortality effect between 70 and 90% in mites of agricultural importance, showing a synergistic effect of both extracts in the mixture.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The present invention refers to an acaricidal composition based on a plant extract mixture of Allium sativum and Heliopsis longipes, for control and/or elimination of pest mites in agricultural crops, for use in greenhouses and in the field in general; comprising:

[0014] a) A natural extract of Allium sativum;

[0015] b) A natural extract of Heliopsis longipes and

[0016] c) A surfactant

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the pest mite control and/or elimination composition comprises:

[0018] a) 25 to 45% natural extract of Allium sativum

[0019] b) 45% to 65% natural extract of Heliopsis longipes and

[0020] c) 10% of a surfactant

[0021] Must sum in total 100%.

[0022] The surfactant is selected from a polyoxyethylene alcohol or a polyoxyethylene alkylphenol, and/or mixtures thereof.

[0023] The garlic extract (Allium sativum) in the composition works by protecting crops through its intervention in the insect metabolism and behavior, producing a masking effect of the pheromones produced by them and interfering with sexual communication and feeding, it acts also as a repellent by systemic action because it causes changes in the perspiration of the plant and also alters the insect nervous system due to its thiosulfate compounds.

[0024] Chilcuague (Heliopsis longipes) extract has insecticidal activity causing paralysis and toxicity against insects.

[0025] The percentages of each component in the composition of the present invention provide a synergistic effect with greater effectiveness and a longer effect in combating pest mites, guaranteeing control of adults, nymphs, pupae, larvae, and eggs; especially of adults altering their eating and sexual behavior, causing paralysis and toxicity.

Chilcuague Generalities

[0026] Chilcuague (Heliopsis longipes S.F. Blake) is a perennial herb endemic to the Álvarez and Gorda mountains, a region where part of the territories of San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato and Quéretaro, Mexico coincide.

[0027] The genus Heliopsis belongs to the Heliantheae tribe of the Asteraceae family. This tribe comprises about 2,500 species grouped into 189 genera and is divided into ten subtribes, including Zinnia, Philactis, Sanvitalia, Acmella, Podachaenium, Squamopappus, Spilanthes and Salmea, which make up the Zinniinae subtribe. Its members share in their morphology the presence of solitary capitula, conical or hemispherical receptacles, persistent, fertile, pistillate ligulate flowers, fertile disc flowers, and laterally compressed or angulated disc achenes.

[0028] The leaf margin is an important feature. Most of the species have toothed or semi-toothed leaves, although some have them almost entirely or irregularly crenated. Leaf texture is generally firm, except for annual plants which have usually thin and fragile leaves.

Alkamides in the Heliopsis Genus

[0029] Alkamides are formed by combining two different metabolic pathways. The acidic part originates from a fatty acid of medium to long chain length, which can be eight to eighteen carbons, generally aliphatic or linear; which when condensing with an amino acid and in concomitant decarboxylation, results in the production of an alkamide. The amides, whose acidic chain is aliphatic, depending on the unsaturated bonds type they present, can be separated into two groups: olefinic alkamides, with at least one double bond, and acetylenic alkamides, with at least one triple bond.

[0030] Only aliphatic and acetylenic alkamides have been found in the genus Heliopsis. Spilanthol is the alkamide responsible for the biological effects of chilcuague (which accumulates in its roots, in large quantities of up to 1% of the root total weight), among which are considered the local anesthetic, flavoring, insecticide and bactericide activity.

Allium sativum Extract Toxicity

[0031] Among the chemical compounds of garlic (Allium sativum), responsible for control and/or elimination of mites and pest insects in general, are mainly sulfur compounds such as alliin that in the presence of the allinase enzyme generates allicin, ajoene, s-allyl-cysteine, L-glutamic acid that becomes excitotoxin for insects and increases permeability to other substances and mainly thiosulfinates and diallylsulfide that act as repellants for insects and some animals.

Allium sativum Extract Obtaining

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the process for obtaining a garlic extract is carried out as follows:

[0033] a) Selection and cleaning of bulbs by weight, size, and health condition.

[0034] b) Mill grinding to obtain pulp. For each kg of garlic, 500-1500 ml of water and 0.5-10 g of NaCl are added.

[0035] c) Extraction with water or any other organic solvent in a ratio of 0.5-2.5 L/kg garlic, keeping at settle for 20-30 days, stirring of 10-35 minutes every 2-5 hours.

[0036] d) Once the time has elapsed, the extract obtained is transferred to 20 L containers for storage.

Heliopsis longipes Extract Obtaining

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, the process for obtaining a chilcuague extract is carried out as follows:

[0038] a) Collection and selection of roots of H. longipes.

[0039] b) Drying and mill grinding until obtaining a fine powder.

[0040] c) Extraction with water or any other organic solvent in a ratio of 2-10 L/kg of chilcuague, with constant stirring for 18-30 hours at 35-45° C. temperature

[0041] d) Filtration of the extract using a filter press or any other filtration method to remove suspended particles.

[0042] e) Evaporation or distillation of the obtained extract at 35-55° C. temperature, until concentration.

[0043] f) Storage at 4° C. until use or addition of the extract to the desired mixture.

[0044] The present invention also relates to the methods of applying the composition, which can be spraying, atomizing, dispersing, coating, or pouring; depending on the expected results and the present circumstances, as well as the use of the composition for the control of pest mites of agronomic interest of Acaridae, Eriophydae, Tenuipalpidae, Tetranychidae and Tarsonemidae families.