ARTICLE OF FOOTWEAR

Abstract

An article of footwear (1) comprising an upper (8) having a first ground facing surface (9); a primary sole part (10) having a first foot facing surface (11), a second ground facing surface (12), the first foot facing surface comprising a plurality of openings (14), each opening defining a volume (14A) extending in a vertical direction from the first foot facing surface (11) towards the second ground facing surface (12) having a closed end; and a secondary sole part (20) having a second foot facing surface (22) and a third ground facing surface (23), wherein the secondary sole part (20) is arranged between the upper (8) and the primary sole part (10) and extends into the plurality of volumes (14A) and/or openings (14) in the first foot facing surface of the primary sole part.

Claims

1. An article of footwear (1) comprising: an upper (8) having a first ground facing surface (9); a primary sole part (10) having a first foot facing surface (11), and a second ground facing surface (12), the first foot facing surface comprising a plurality of openings (14), each opening defining a volume (14A) extending in a vertical direction from the first foot facing surface (11) towards the second ground facing surface (12) having a closed end; and a secondary sole part (20) having a second foot facing surface (22) and a third ground facing surface (23), wherein the secondary sole part (20) is arranged between the upper (8) and the primary sole part (10) and extends into the plurality of volumes (14A) in the first foot facing surface of the primary sole part.

2. The article of footwear (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein the primary sole part (10) defines a mould cavity of the secondary sole part (20), where the plurality of open volumes (14A) of the primary sole part (10) define the mould cavity of the secondary sole part (20).

3. The article of footwear (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein the secondary sole part (20) is direct injection moulded into the plurality of open volumes (14A).

4. The article of footwear (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein the secondary sole part (20) extends from the first ground facing surface (9) of the upper (8) to the first foot facing surface (11) of the primary sole part (10), and/or where the secondary sole part (20) defines a second foot facing surface (21) that is attached to the first ground facing surface (9) of the upper (8) and a third ground facing surface (22) that is attached to the first foot facing surface (11) of the primary sole part (10).

5. The article of footwear (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein the primary sole part comprises a peripheral surface (13) defining an attachment area adapted to accommodate a tertiary sole part (30), optionally where the quaternary sole part (30) has a radial inwards facing surface for attachment to the peripheral surface (13) of the primary sole part (10) and an outwards facing surface.

6. The article of footwear (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of openings (14) extend from a heel area (5) of the primary sole part (10) to a forefoot area (4) of the primary sole part (10) in a plurality of parallel rows extending in a lateral direction of the primary sole part (10).

7. The article of footwear (1) in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second ground facing surface (12) comprises a ground contacting surface.

8. The article of footwear in accordance with claim 7, wherein the ground contacting surface is in a heel area (5) and a forefoot area (4).

9. The article of footwear in accordance with claims 1 to 8, wherein a tertiary sole part (30) surrounds the peripheral surface (13) of the primary sole part (10).

10. A primary sole part (10) having a foot facing surface (11), and a ground facing surface (12), wherein the foot facing surface (11) comprises a plurality of openings (14) defining a plurality of open volumes (14A) having a closed end (14B) for receiving an injected material, wherein the open volume extends in a vertical direction from the foot facing surface (11) towards the ground facing surface (12); wherein the foot facing surface (11) is configured to be joined to an upper (8) by receiving the injected sole material extending between a ground facing surface (12) of the upper (1) and the foot facing surface (11) of the primary sole part (1).

11. The primary sole part according to claim 10, wherein each of the plurality of open volumes (14A) is enclosed by one or more sidewalls (14C), the one or more sidewalls (14C) extending from the foot facing surface (11), in a direction perpendicular to the foot facing surface (11), towards the ground facing surface (12).

12. The primary sole part (10) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein each opening (14) of the plurality of openings (14) is arranged at a predetermined distance from one or more second openings of the plurality of openings.

13. The primary sole part (1) according to any one of the claims 10 to 12, wherein the plurality of openings (14) are distributed from a heel area (5) of the foot facing surface to a forefoot area (4) of the foot facing surface (11) in a plurality of parallel rows extending in a lateral direction of the primary sole part (1).

14. The primary sole part (1) according to any of the claim 13, wherein the primary sole part (1) comprises a first set of grooves (17) arranged on the ground facing surface (12), the first set of grooves (17) having a longitudinal extension in a lateral direction of the ground facing surface (11), and wherein each groove (17) is located between a respective first and second row of openings (14), such that an inner surface (17A) of each groove (17) define an outer surface of one or more sidewalls (14C) enclosing the one or more open volumes (14A).

15. The primary sole part according to any one of the claims 10 to 14, wherein the plurality of openings (14) are distributed from a heel area (5) of the foot facing surface (11) to a forefoot area (4) of the foot facing surface (11) in a plurality of rows extending in a longitudinal direction of the primary sole part (10).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] The following is an explanation of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings, in which

[0055] FIG. 1 shows a top down view of a foot facing surface of a primary sole part,

[0056] FIG. 2 shows a top down view of a ground facing surface of the primary sole part,

[0057] FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal side view of the primary sole part,

[0058] FIG. 4 shows a transverse cross-sectional view of a forefoot part of an article of footwear, and

[0059] FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the article of footwear.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] FIG. 1 shows a top down view of the foot facing surface 11 of the primary sole part 10, where the primary sole part 10 comprises a toe end 2 and a heel end 3, and a peripheral surface 13, which is adapted to surround the periphery of the primary sole part 10. The foot facing surface is also configured to face an upper (not shown in FIG. 1). The foot facing surface 11 comprises a plurality of openings 14 defining a plurality of open volumes 14A in the primary sole part 10, wherein the plurality of open volumes 14A have a closed end 14B. The plurality of open volumes extend in a vertical direction from the foot facing surface 11 towards the ground facing surface (not shown in FIG. 1) of the primary sole part 10. Each of the plurality of open volumes 14A is enclosed by one or more sidewalls 14C, the one or more sidewalls 14C extending from the foot facing surface 11, in a direction perpendicular to the foot facing surface 11, towards the ground facing surface. The plurality of open volumes are thus defined by the side walls 14C and the closed end 14B. The plurality of open volumes 14A may be in the form of a plurality of cavities, where the cavities are configured to receive an injected material of a secondary sole part. The plurality of open volumes and/or cavities 14A are adapted to increase the surface area of the foot facing surface 11 and thus a provide a larger surface area to which the injected material may bond with the primary sole part 10. The foot facing surface 11 is configured to be joined to an upper 8 by receiving the injected material, such that the injected material extends between a ground facing surface of the upper and the foot facing surface 11 of the primary sole part 10. By providing the primary sole part 10 with the plurality of open volumes 14A, the weight of the primary sole part 10 further reduces the weight of the primary sole part 10 compared to a solid primary sole part typically used for cemented sole assemblies. The edges of the open volumes 14A, such as the edges connecting the sidewalls 14C to each other and/or to the closed end 14B of the open volumes 14A and/or the edge of the openings 14 to the foot facing surface 11, may be rounded to reduce the risk of cracks in the material of the primary sole part 10 and/or to improve the flow of injected material into the open volumes 14A. Each of the plurality of open volumes may be tapered, such that the open volume is wider at the opening than at the closed end, to improve the flow of injected material into each of the plurality of open volumes. Thereby, the risk of air pockets or cracks forming in the injected material is reduced, which otherwise may lead to premature failure of the article of footwear.

[0061] Since the primary sole part has to be durable in order to withstand the friction between the ground facing surface of the primary sole part and the ground, the primary sole part is typically relatively heavy. By providing open volumes in the primary sole part and filling these volumes with a lighter material of the secondary sole part the weight of the assembled article of footwear may be reduced with improves user comfort.

[0062] By filling the plurality of open volumes 14A with injected material, a structural stiffness of a sole assembly comprising the primary sole part 10 and the secondary sole part 20 can be ensured, while the injected material may be softer than the material of the primary sole part 10, thus the comfort of the article of footwear may be improved by providing a dampening layer that can absorb shocks that occur during gait.

[0063] The plurality of openings 14 may be distributed from the heel area 5 of the foot facing surface to a forefoot area 4 of the foot facing surface 11 in a plurality of parallel rows extending in a lateral direction of the primary sole part 10. Each opening 14 of the plurality of openings 14 may be arranged at a predetermined distance from one or more second openings of the plurality of openings 14. The openings 14 are connected by solid sections of the primary sole part 10, wherein the solid sections form ridges 19 connecting the plurality of open volumes 14A. The ridges provide stability to the primary sole part 10.

[0064] FIG. 2 shows a top down view of the ground facing surface 12 of the primary sole part 10. The primary sole part 1 comprises a first set of grooves 17 arranged on the ground facing surface 12, the first set of grooves 17 having a longitudinal extension in a lateral direction, such as along an axis X, of the ground facing surface 11. Each groove 17 on the ground facing surface 12 is located between a respective first and second row of openings 14 on the foot facing surface, such that an inner surface 17A of each groove 17 define an outer surface of one or more sidewalls 14C enclosing the one or more of the plurality of open volumes 14A. The grooves 17 are arranged in the solid sections of the primary sole part such that a bottom 17B of each groove forms a ground facing surface of a corresponding ridge 19 of the foot facing surface 11 of the primary sole part 10. The grooves 17 thus defines cut-outs in the solid section of the primary sole part 10, such as in the ridges 19, wherein the cut outs reduce the rigidity of the primary sole part in the areas of the cut outs, thereby increasing the flexibility of the sole. The grooves 17 increase the flexibility of the primary sole part 10 in the longitudinal direction of the primary sole part 10 along an axis Z. The solid sections connecting the openings 14 form flexible joints allowing the primary sole part, and/or the sole assembly to adapt to a shape of a foot of a user of the footwear 1, thereby increasing a walking comfort for the user of the footwear 1 during use.

[0065] As can be seen in FIG. 2, the primary sole part 10 may further comprise a second set of grooves 18 being arranged on the ground facing surface 12. The second set of grooves 18 may have a longitudinal extension, at least substantially, in a longitudinal direction along the axis Z of the ground facing surface 12, wherein each groove 18 is located between a respective first and second longitudinally extending row of openings 14. Although the grooves 18 are extending substantially in a longitudinal direction, the grooves may follow the shape of the primary sole part and thus comprise curved sections. Similar as for the grooves 17, an inner surface 18A of each groove 18 defines an outer surface of one or more sidewalls 14C enclosing the one or more open volumes 14A. By providing the ground facing surface 12 of the primary sole part with longitudinal grooves 18, the flexibility of the primary sole part 10 may also be increased in the lateral direction along the axis X of the primary sole part 10. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the ground facing surface 12 of the closed end 14C of the plurality of open volumes 14A having a closed end 14C comprises a ground contacting surface. Two adjacent inner surface 18A parts of a longitudinal groove 18 or two inner surface parts 17A of a lateral groove 17 may be separated by a predefined distance, where the distance defines the width of the longitudinal groove 18 or the lateral groove 17. The distance between the grooves may allow the inner surface parts 17A or 18A to move towards or away from each other when the primary sole part 10 and/or the secondary sole part 20 are bent along a longitudinal or lateral axis. By increasing the width of the groove 17, 18 it is possible to increase the distance where the inner surface parts 17A or 18A move towards each other. The width of the groove may be between 1 mm and 10 mm, or more preferably between 2 mm and 8 mm, or more preferably between 3 mm and 6 mm. Thus, the flexibility of the primary sole part 10 and/or the second sole part 20 is increased in a direction where the toe and/or the heel part is moved in a downward direction (towards the ground) while a central part of the sole part is maintained in its position (downwards direction). In traditional shoe production, soles may be slit in a longitudinal or lateral direction, where a slit does not allow for increased flexibility in a downwards direction, as the surface parts of the slit abut each other when the sole is in its relaxed position.

[0066] In one exemplary embodiment the second ground facing surface 12 comprises a ground contacting surface. The ground contacting surface 12 of the primary sole part may be the lowest part of the article of footwear 1, i.e. the outermost part of the primary sole part 10. The plurality of open volumes 14A may, seen from the ground facing surface 12, form a plurality of hollow closed end protrusions, wherein the ground facing surface of each of the closed ends 14B of the open volumes 14A form a top of one of the plurality of hollow closed end protrusions. The hollow closed end protrusions are separated by the first and second set of grooves 17, 18 in the ground facing surface 12, such that they create a pattern, treads or other surface elements on the ground facing surface 12 that are configured to increase traction, and/or friction of the article of footwear 1.

[0067] FIG. 3 shows a side view of the primary sole part 10 seen in the lateral direction of the primary sole part 10 along the axis X. As can be seen in FIG. 3, plurality of open volumes 14A are connected by solid sections of the primary sole part 10, wherein the solid sections form ridges connecting the cavities defined by the plurality of open volumes. The solid sections of the primary sole part 10, such as the ridges and the side walls 14C and the closed end 14B of the open volumes, are configured to be bonded to a secondary sole part (not shown in FIG. 3), e.g. during a moulding process of an article of footwear. In order to increase the surface area to which an injected material, such as e.g. the secondary sole part 20 or a tertiary sole part 30 can bond, the peripheral surface 13 of the primary sole part may extend uninterrupted around circumference of the primary sole part 10. The grooves 17 and 18 may thus be closed at the ends by the peripheral surface 13. After assembly of the article of footwear 1, e.g. after the moulding procedure, the ends of the grooves 17, 18 may however be opened by cutting through the peripheral surface 13 of the primary sole part 10, such that the peripheral surface 13 is also provided with cut outs 15 for increasing the flexibility of the sole assembly.

[0068] Each opening 14 of the plurality of openings 14 may be arranged at a predetermined distance from one or more second openings of the plurality of openings 14. The openings 14 are connected by solid sections of the primary sole part 10, wherein the solid sections form ridges 19 connecting the plurality of open volumes 14A. The ridges 19 may form pivot point around which two respective neighbouring lateral rows of open volumes may pivot, such that the primary sole part 10 may take a rounded shape around a lateral axis, such as the axis X. This allows the primary sole part 10 to adapt to the shape of a foot during gait which improves the comfort of the article of footwear 1 comprising the primary sole part 10.

[0069] The plurality of open volumes 14A may be distributed over the a majority of the foot facing surface 11 and may extend into the heel of the primary sole part 10, where the thickness of the primary sole part, such as the distance from the ground facing surface 12 to the foot facing surface 11 may be larger than e.g. in the forefoot area 4 of the primary sole part. Thus, a depth of the open volumes may be larger in the heel area 5 than in the forefoot area 4 of the primary sole part 10. The deeper open volumes in the heel area 5 may accommodate a thicker layer of injected material which may be positioned below the heel of the user, to increase the shock absorption during a heel strike during a gait. Thus, the height of the secondary sole part 20 in the heel area 5 may be larger than the height of the secondary sole part 20 in the forefoot area 4. The height may be seen as the distance between the ground facing surface 9 of the upper 8 and the foot facing surface 11 of the primary sole part 10 and/or the closed ends 14B of the plurality of open volumes 14A.

[0070] FIG. 4 shows a cross sectional view of an article of footwear 1 in the form of a shoe in a forefoot area of the shoe, where the shoe comprises a sole assembly comprising a primary sole part 10, a secondary sole part 20 and an upper 8.

[0071] The primary sole part 10 has a first foot facing surface 11, a second ground facing surface 12, and a peripheral surface 13. The first foot facing surface 11 comprises a plurality of openings 14, each opening defining a volume 14A in the primary sole part 10 extending in a vertical direction from the first foot facing surface 11 towards the second ground facing surface 12, wherein the volume has a closed end 14B having a closed end. The secondary sole part 20 has a second foot facing surface 22 and a third ground facing surface 23, and is arranged between the upper 8 and the primary sole part 10 and extends into the plurality of volumes 14A and/or openings 14 in the first foot facing surface 11 of the primary sole part 10.

[0072] The primary sole part 10 defines a mould cavity of the secondary sole part 20, where the plurality of open volumes 14A of the primary sole part 10 may define the mould cavity, or at least part of the mould cavity, of the secondary sole part 20. The foot facing surface 11 of the primary sole part 10 defines a lower boundary of the mould cavity, wherein the plurality of open volumes 14A in the foot facing surface 11 form part of the lower boundary of the mould cavity. In other words, the lower boundary of the mould cavity is defined by the foot facing surface 11, the side walls 14C and the closed end 14B of the plurality of open volumes 14A in the primary sole part 10. When the upper 8 has been positioned in its desired position relative to the primary sole part in the mould, the ground facing surface 9 of the upper 8 defines an upper boundary of the mould cavity. The upper 8 may comprise an insole 7, which insole 7 is attached to a lower end of the upper 8. The insole 7 has a foot facing part 7A and a ground facing part 7B, where the ground facing part 7B may be seen as the ground facing surface 9 of the upper 8. The tertiary sole part 30 or a side mould (not shown in FIG. 4) may define a lateral boundary of the mould cavity.

[0073] The secondary sole part 20 extends into the plurality of open volumes 14A of the primary sole part 10, where the secondary sole part extends in a vertical direction Y between the ground facing surface 9 of the upper 8 and the upper facing surface 11 of the primary sole part 10. The secondary sole part 20 thus connects the primary sole part 10 and the upper 8 to each other. The secondary sole part 20 may comprise an injected material where the injected material is adapted to expand inside the plurality of open volumes 14A so that the injected material fills out the entirety of one or more of the plurality of open volumes 14A, so that the plurality of open volumes 14A may be seen as a mould for the secondary sole part 20.

[0074] The secondary sole part 20 may be direct injection moulded into the plurality of open volumes 14A. During the moulding procedure the primary sole part 10 and the upper 8 may be placed in a mould and fixed relative to each other at a distance, such that the mould cavity for receiving the injected material is created between the first ground facing surface 9 of the upper 8 and the foot facing surface 11 of the primary sole 10. The plurality of open volumes 14A of the primary sole part 10 may be open to the mould cavity, such that the plurality of open volumes are in fluid connection with the mould cavity. During the moulding procedure a material is injected into the mould cavity and enters the plurality of open volumes 14A through the openings 14 in the foot facing surface 11 of the primary sole part 10, wherein the injected material fills out the entirety of the mould cavity and the plurality of open volumes 14A. Once the injected material has expanded and cured it forms the secondary sole part 20. The secondary sole part 20 may be made out of a material that is softer than the material of the primary sole part 10, where the secondary sole part may be seen as a shock absorbing part of the sole assembly.

[0075] The second set of grooves 18 may be arranged on the ground facing surface 12. The second set of grooves 18 may have a longitudinal extension, at least substantially, in a longitudinal direction along the axis Z of the ground facing surface 12, wherein each groove 18 is located between a respective first and second longitudinally extending row of openings 14. The inner surface 18A of each groove 18 defines an outer surface of one or more sidewalls 14C enclosing the one or more open volumes 14A. By providing the ground facing surface 12 of the primary sole part with longitudinal grooves 18, the flexibility of the primary sole part 10 may also be increased in the lateral direction along the axis X of the primary sole part 10. The ground facing surface 12 of the closed end 14C of the plurality of open volumes 14A having a closed end 14C may comprise a ground contacting surface. The outer surface of the one or more sidewalls 14C defined by the inner surface 18A form first lateral surfaces having a plane perpendicular to the lateral axis X, which first lateral surfaces improve the grip of the primary sole part 10 and the article of footwear 1 in the lateral direction of the article of footwear along the axis X during use. A depth D1 of the grooves 18 may be 75-97% of the thickness T of the primary sole part 10. The actual depth of the grooves may however vary based on the location on the primary sole part. In some embodiments, the thickness of the primary sole part 10 may be larger towards the heel end 3 of the primary sole part 10 than towards the toe end 2 of the primary sole part 10. As such, the depth of the groove 18 may also be larger towards a heel end 3 of the primary sole part 10 than towards the toe end 2 of the primary sole part.

[0076] The peripheral surface 13 of the primary sole part 10 may define an attachment area adapted to accommodate a tertiary sole part 30, optionally where the tertiary sole part 30 has a radial inwards facing surface for attachment to the peripheral surface 13 of the primary sole part 10 and an outwards facing surface. The peripheral part 13 of the primary sole part may comprise an attachment area, which may be adapted to attach to a tertiary sole part 30. The tertiary sole part may be attached to a surface of the peripheral part 13 of the primary sole part 10. The tertiary sole part 30 may thus surround the peripheral part of the primary sole part 10. The tertiary sole part 30 may be of the same material as the primary sole part or may be of a different material having different properties than the primary sole part 10. The tertiary sole part 30 may further be attached to the upper 8, such that the tertiary sole part 30 may provide a peripheral seal for the sole assembly, thereby providing a weather proofing preventing moisture from entering between the primary sole part 10, the secondary sole part 20 and the upper 8 and/or may create a predefined aesthetic look for the article of footwear. The tertiary sole part 30 may be a strip of material, wherein the strip of material may be cemented to the peripheral part of the primary sole part 10, the secondary sole part 20 and the upper 8, or may be moulded to the primary sole part 10 and the upper 8 by means of the injected material.

[0077] FIG. 5 shows a cross sectional view of the article of footwear 1, taken along the longitudinal axis Z, where the article of footwear comprises the sole assembly comprising the primary sole part 10, the secondary sole part 20 and the upper 8 as shown in FIG. 4. The primary sole part 10 extends from a toe end 2 of the article of footwear 1 towards a heel end 3 of the article of footwear 1, where the upper 8 and the insole 7 are attached to the primary sole part 10 via the secondary sole part 20. The secondary sole part 20 extends uninterrupted from the toe end 2 to the heel end 3, creating a dampening layer that extends between the primary sole part 10 and the upper 8 along the entire longitudinal length Z of the article of footwear. The plurality of openings 14 and/or open volumes 14A extend, i.e. are arranged, from the heel end 3 of the primary sole part 10 to the toe end 2 of the primary sole part 10 in a plurality of parallel rows extending in a lateral direction, along the axis X perpendicular to the longitudinal axis Z, of the primary sole part 10.

[0078] Each lateral row of openings and/or open volumes 14A may be separated by a lateral groove 17 out of the first set of grooves 17 arranged on the ground facing surface of the primary sole part 10, hence the ground facing surface of the primary sole part may comprise a plurality of lateral grooves 17. The first set of grooves 17 may have a longitudinal extension in a lateral direction along the axis X of the ground facing surface 12. The inner surface 17A of each groove 17 defines an outer surface of one or more sidewalls 14C enclosing the one or more open volumes 14A. The inner surface 17A of the lateral grooves 17 are substantially perpendicular to the inner surface 18A of the longitudinal grooves 18. Arranging the openings 14 in parallel rows extending in the lateral direction creates ridges 19 of solid material between the rows, which allows for a positioning of the lateral grooves 17 in the ground facing surface 12 of the primary sole part without interfering with the secondary sole part 20 extending into the open volumes 14A. By providing the ground facing surface 12 of the primary sole part 10 with the lateral grooves 17, the flexibility of the primary sole part 10 may also be increased in the longitudinal direction along the axis Z of the primary sole part 10. The outer surface of the one or more sidewalls 14C defined by the inner walls 17A of the first set of grooves 17 form second lateral surfaces having a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X, which second lateral surfaces can take up forces in the longitudinal direction of the article of footwear 1 the improve the grip of the primary sole part 10 and the article of footwear 1 in the longitudinal direction during use. A depth D2 of the grooves 18 may be 75-97% of the thickness T of the primary sole part 10. The actual depth of the grooves may however vary based on the location on the primary sole part. In some embodiments, the thickness of the primary sole part 10 may be larger towards the heel end 3 of the primary sole part 10 than towards the toe end 2 of the primary sole part 10 in order to provide a higher dampening at the heel end, such as in the heel area 5. As such, the depth of the groove 18 may also be larger towards a heel end 3 of the primary sole part 10 than towards the toe end 2 of the primary sole part. As can be seen in FIG. 5 the second ground facing surface 12 may comprise or may be a ground contacting surface. The ground contacting surface may be located in a heel area 5 and in a forefoot area 4 or may, as shown in FIG. 5, be located over the entire ground facing surface 12 of the primary sole part 10.

[0079] The use of the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. does not imply any particular order but are included to identify individual elements. Moreover, the use of the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. does not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. are used to distinguish one element from another. Note that the words “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. are used here and elsewhere for labelling purposes only and are not intended to denote any specific spatial or temporal ordering.

[0080] Furthermore, the labelling of a first element does not imply the presence of a second element and vice versa.

[0081] It is to be noted that the word “comprising” does not necessarily exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those listed.

[0082] It is to be noted that the words “a” or “an” preceding an element do not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.

[0083] It should further be noted that any reference signs do not limit the scope of the claims, that the exemplary embodiments may be implemented at least in part by means of both hardware and software, and that several “means”, “units” or “devices” may be represented by the same item of hardware.

[0084] Although features have been shown and described, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the claimed invention, and it will be made obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense. The claimed invention is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.

LIST OF REFERENCES

[0085] 1 Article of footwear [0086] 2 Toe end [0087] 3 Heel end [0088] 4 Forefoot area [0089] 5 Heel area [0090] 7 Insole [0091] 8 Upper [0092] 9 First ground facing surface [0093] 10 Primary sole part [0094] 11 First foot facing surface [0095] 12 Second ground facing surface [0096] 13 Peripheral surface [0097] 14 Opening [0098] 14A Open volume [0099] 14B Closed end [0100] 14C Side wall of open volume [0101] 15 Cut out in peripheral surface [0102] 17 Lateral groove [0103] 18 Longitudinal groove [0104] 19 Ridge [0105] 20 Secondary sole part [0106] 21 Secondary foot facing surface [0107] 22 Third ground facing surface [0108] 30 Tertiary sole part