Abstract
A walkway for use between a shoreline of a body of water and at least a portion of a building exposed to the body of water, the walkway including: a base adjacent to the building; a plank having a surface for use by pedestrians to walk upon when the plank is in a first position at least indirectly disposed on the base, the plank having a first end rotatably connected to the base and having a second end extending from the first end away from the building along a length of the plank, the surface being exposed for use by the pedestrians to walk upon when the plank is in the first position; and a lifting mechanism operatively connected to the plank to rotate the plank from the first position to a second position where the length of the plank is oriented adjacent to a wall of the building to impede a rising height of the body of water.
Claims
1. A walkway for use between a shoreline of a body of water and at least a portion of a building exposed to the body of water, the walkway comprising: a base adjacent to the building; a plank having a surface for use by pedestrians to walk upon when the plank is in a first position at least indirectly disposed on the base, the plank having a first end rotatably connected to the base and having a second end extending from the first end away from the building along a length of the plank, the surface being exposed for use by the pedestrians to walk upon when the plank is in the first position; and a lifting mechanism operatively connected to the plank to rotate the plank from the first position to a second position where the length of the plank is oriented adjacent to a wall of the building to impede a rising height of the body of water; wherein the plank includes a plurality of steps exposed to the body of water when the plank is in the second position, the plurality of steps being configured to permit a user to climb the plank along the length into or out from the building when the plank is in the second position; and each of the plurality of steps includes a movable step portion that is movable between a retracted position and an extended position in which a length of tread portion of the plurality of steps is increased.
2. The walkway of claim 1, wherein the length of the plank in a first direction is variable.
3. The walkway of claim 1, wherein the lifting mechanism comprises a motor disposed within the building and operatively connected to the plank to rotate the plank from the first position to the second position.
4. A method for protecting at least a portion of a building exposed to a shoreline of a body of water, the method comprising: rotating a plurality of interconnected planks having a surface for use by pedestrians to walk upon when the plurality of interconnected planks are in a first position to a second position where the plurality of interconnected planks are disposed adjacent to a wall of the building to protect the wall of the building from one or more of debris and flooding water; and configuring at least one plank of the plurality of interconnected planks to permit a user to climb the plank into or out from the building when the plank is in the second position; wherein the configuring comprises extending a plurality of steps built into the at least one plank from a retracted position to an extended position to facilitate climbing the plank into or out from the building when the plank is in the second position.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising extending the length of at least one plank of the plurality of interconnected planks in a height direction of the building when the at least one plank is in the second position.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the rotating comprises actuating the at least one plank from the first position to the second position from within the building.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the apparatus of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
(2) FIG. 1 illustrates the construction of a typical boardwalk of the prior art that is currently being widely used with or without certain modifications.
(3) FIG. 2 illustrates the schematic of the first embodiment of the dual use boardwalk that can be turned into a flood barrier of the present invention.
(4) FIG. 3 illustrates the schematic of a boardwalk raising gearing, mechanical coupling and input drive.
(5) FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the schematic of the method and means of closing the gap between the boardwalk of the embodiment of FIG. 2 and its support wall after it is deployed as a flood barrier wall.
(6) FIG. 4C illustrate the schematic of the method and means of closing the gap between the boardwalk planks while they are deployed as a flood barrier wall.
(7) FIG. 5 illustrates the schematic of an alternative design of the first embodiment of the dual use boardwalk of FIG. 1 for increasing its resistance to the wind gust, wave and flood water once it is deployed as a flood barrier wall.
(8) FIG. 6 illustrates the first embodiment of the dual use boardwalk that can be turned into a flood barrier of FIG. 2 with the boardwalk planks provided with wave reflecting surfaces.
(9) FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate the provision of high wind gust and/or wave splash safety gates provided to prevent damage to the flood wall of the embodiment of FIG. 2 due to infrequently occurring and relatively short duration peak wind gusts and wave splashes.
(10) FIG. 8 illustrates the schematic of the embodiment of the dual use sidewalk that can be turned into a flood and object/debris impact barrier of the present invention.
(11) FIGS. 9, 9A and 9B illustrate methods of providing the means of climbing the exterior surface of a sidewalk that has been deployed as flood and object/debris impact barrier for exiting or entering the protected building.
(12) FIG. 10 illustrates the boardwalk/flood-barrier that is deployed adjacent to a bulkhead along a waterway to protect communities from overflow during high water level and flooding events. The barrier may be constructed with the telescopic feature shown to achieve higher height when deployed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
(13) A first embodiment of a dual use boardwalk that can be turned into a flood barrier of the present invention is described using the schematic of FIG. 2, generally referred to by reference numeral 30. Although referred to herein as “boardwalks,” other types of walking surfaces, such as sidewalks and walkways are also applicable where such terms are used interchangedly to encompass all walking surfaces. FIG. 2 shows the cross-sectional view of the embodiment 30 as installed at a beach or the like area. In FIG. 2, only the basic components of this embodiment is shown for the sake of clarity and other necessary and optional or variations of this basic embodiment is presented below.
(14) The embodiment 30 shown in FIG. 2 consists of a foundation base 31, which can be made out of reinforced concrete, which can be at least partially embedded in the beach (ground) area sand or soil 32, close or certain distance from the water 35 or potential flood area. The foundation based 31 may be a continuous slab if needed considering the type and characteristic of the soil/sand, but can also be made out of interconnected concrete structures that would provide the required “lifting” resistance to counter the forces of flood water, wave and wind gusts that the attached flood barrier could be subjected to during a storm as is later described. Over the foundation base 31 are provided with a series of at least two rows of support stands 33 and 34. At least the support stands 34, and possibly both support stands 33, 34, can also be made out of concrete with strong reinforcement and can be integrally formed with the structure and reinforcement elements of the foundation base 31. In this embodiment, planks 36 are attached to the one row (preferably the outer row 34) supports via a hinge joint 37. In the configuration shown with solid lines and indicated by the numeral 36, the plants 36 rest against the opposite row (such as the row 33 closest to the water 35) of supports. In the configuration indicated by the numeral 42, the planks 36 serve as a boardwalk, with a relatively smooth surface 38, which can be walked upon, ridden upon by small vehicles and the like, etc. In this configuration, the top surface 38 of the planks 36 are can be sloped slightly downward in the direction of the water 35 to allow rain and other fluids such as those used to wash the surface to drain and not collect over the surface of the boardwalk.
(15) At the hinge 37, the planks 36 are fixedly attached to the hinge shaft (not shown) which is in turn attached via a coupling and can include a gearing box 39 (to be described in more detail below) to an input shaft 40. The hinge shaft (43 in FIG. 3) can be welded to reinforcing steel structures that are embedded in the composite plank for strength purposes to enable the plank to withstand wind gust and flood water and wave pressure. The gearing box 39 is coupled to the aforementioned hinge shaft such that as the input shaft 40 is rotated by an external means, the hinge shaft is rotated to raise the plank 36 to its configuration indicated by the numeral 41. As a result, the boardwalk (planks in the configuration 42) are turned into flood barriers that would protect the areas behind the boardwalk when the water 35 surges above its normal high levels.
(16) The planks 36 can be long (in the direction parallel to the beach, i.e., perpendicular to the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2), for example 10-20 feet long, and made without any openings so that when deployed as a flood barrier configuration 41, water cannot pass through the planks. The space between two adjacent planks can be very small, in which case sealing members can be provided as described below to prevent water from flowing through the gap between the planks. The planks may be constructed from many different light weight but strong and tough materials to resist impact type loading due to gusts and water splashes due to high waves. Such materials can include composite materials such as those containing recycled plastics with high strength fibers provided to provide high strength, particularly in bending due to water and wind pressure.
(17) A typical gearing mechanism 39 that can be used for raising the boardwalk planks from configuration 36 to their flood control configuration 41 is shown in the schematic of FIG. 3. In this embodiment, the shaft 43, which is fixedly attached to the plank 36 is fixed to the continuously provided support stands (wall) 34 via at least two (or more) hinges 37. The base of the hinges 37 can be attached to the support wall 34 through reinforcing structures provided in the concrete structure of the support wall 34 such that they could withstand the forces of the flood water, waves and wing gust. The mechanism for raising the boardwalk 36 to its flood wall configuration 41 consists of the gearing mechanism 40 (FIGS. 2 and 3), which can comprise a worm gear type or the like mechanism. In such a type of gearing mechanism, the gear component 45 of the worm gear couple is fixedly attached to the shaft 43 for to affect its rotational motion during the raising process to its flood wall configuration 41 as well as during its lowering to its boardwalk configuration 36. The worm element 46 is in turn attached to the output shaft 40 (FIG. 2) directly or via a coupling element (not shown). The worm gear may also be provided with further reduction gearing (not shown) within the gear box as is well known in the art to further reduce the level of required input torque for its raising. The plank 36 may also be provided by counterweights (not shown) to further reduce the level of required raising torque.
(18) When the need arises, the operator (possibly a park ranger or the like) can bring a truck equipped with a high torque motor such as those commonly used in truck winches over the side 44 of the boardwalk 30 structure and connects the output shaft of the motor to the input shaft 40 of the gearing 39 by a drive shaft (which can be provided with double u-joints), FIGS. 2 and 3. The plank 36 is then raised to its flood protecting configuration 41 by the aforementioned high torque motor. It is also appreciated by those skilled in the art that by providing proper balancing counterweights and by providing a high enough gear ratio in the gear mechanism 39, the operator would then be able to raise and lower the plank manually by engaging a driving wheel or handle to the input shaft 40 to achieve proper leveraging. It is also appreciated by those skilled in the art that gearing system 39 may also be directly coupled to electrical motors (not shown) which are turned on by the operator (remotely if desired) to similarly raise and lower the planks.
(19) Once the boardwalk planks 36 have been raised to the configuration 41, the gap between the plank 36 and the support wall 34 is closed and sealed by the provided relatively elastic member 47, FIG. 4A, which can be constructed with salt and water resistant and relatively hard synthetic elastomeric materials. The elastic member 47 can be shaped so that it deforms to close the aforementioned gap while elastically deformed as the planks 36 are raised, preferably as shown in the schematic of FIG. 4B or the like. During raising of the planks 36, the elastic member can be wedged against a curved top surface of the support wall 34, so that the water pressure would tend to further increase its resistance in closing the gap. It is appreciated by those skilled in the art that there are many other methods and means known in the art for closing the gap between the plank 36 and the support wall 34 and sealing it. The aforementioned method and means illustrated in the schematics of FIGS. 4A and 4B is not intended to exclude any other method and means known in the art.
(20) Any gap between boardwalk planks 36 can be similarly closed using shaped elastic members as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4C. Once the boardwalk planks 36 have been raised to the configuration 41, FIG. 2, the gaps between the planks 36 are also closed and sealed by the provided relatively elastic member 49 (similar to 47 in FIG. 4A), can be constructed with salt and water resistant and relatively hard synthetic elastomeric materials. The elastic member 49 can be shaped so that as an adjacent plank 36 is raised, it deforms to tightly close the gap between the planks. The elastic member 49 can be shaped to wedge against the curved surface 58 of the side extension 59 provided on the side of a mating plank as shown in FIG. 4C. As a result, water pressure would tend to further increase the resistance of the sealing effect of the elastic member 49. It is appreciated by those skilled in the art that there are many other methods and means known in the art for closing the gap between the planks 36. The aforementioned method and means illustrated in the schematic of FIG. 4C is not intended to exclude any other method and means known in the art.
(21) An alternative embodiment of the first embodiment 30 (FIG. 2) is shown in the schematic of FIG. 5 and generally referred to by reference numeral 50. The embodiment 50 is intended to provide additional support to the planks 36 while it is deployed to its configuration 41 to serve as a flood barrier. Such additional structural supports are best designed to support the deployed planks 36 in bending (backward) against the forces of waves and flood water and wind gust against both sides of the plank panels. One such support structure may consist of at least one telescopic support member 52, which is attached to an additional support structure 51 via a hinge joint 53 on one end and to the plank 36 via another hinge joint 54 on the other end. The support member 52 is constructed by two telescopically mating, such as box-type, members in which one can ride inside (or against) the other. As a result, the support member 52 can accommodate the increase in its length (from the joint 53 to the joint 54) as the plank 36 is moved down from its configuration 41 to its boardwalk configuration 42. The plank 36 is provided with a groove to accommodate the support member 52 while serving as a boardwalk keeping the upper surface of the support member 52 flush with the upper surface 38 of the plank 36. The telescopic support member 52 is provided with a stop so that as the plank 36 reaches its flood barrier configuration 41, the inner portion of the telescopic support member bottoms out and the support member can fully support high compressive loads. The telescopic support member 52 may also be provided with locking members (not shown) that are either provided by the system operation—for example by inserting locking pins to lock the two members of the support member 52 together or may be provided with spring loaded locking pins that are automatically engaged upon deployment of the planks as flood barriers. It is appreciated that such locking mechanism are desired to be provided so that after the planks are deployed to their configuration 41 and before any flood water has risen to apply pressure onto the plank surfaces, the planks 36 may be subjected to wind gusts from either side, which requires the planks 36 to be supported against being forced in the direction of it boardwalk configuration 42.
(22) Similar to the support wall 34 and support stands 33, the support structure 51 can also be made out of concrete with strong reinforcement and can also be formed integrally with the structure and reinforcement elements of the foundation base 31.
(23) It is appreciated by those skilled in the art that in general more than one such support member 52 is desired to be used for each plank 36, such as one every few feet, and that they have to be sized to support the maximum flood water, wave and wind gust forces. It is also appreciated that many other types of support members known in the art may also be used instead of the present telescopic member. In general, such supports are desired to be self-deployable, but may also be deployable by the system operator. In addition, multiple types of such supports, some relatively rigid such as the support member 52, and some made out of cables 57 (shown with a dashed line) attached to the support 33 on one end and to the bottom side of the plank on the other end, may also be used. Such support cables are intended to support the deployed plank in tension, and as such needs to be tightly set once the plank is deployed to its configuration 41.
(24) In its boardwalk configuration 42 illustrated in FIG. 5 the support member 52 will be exposed between the support wall 34 and the supports 51. In one alternative embodiment, plank members 56, which are similar to the planks 36, are used to bridge the distance between the supports 34 and 51. Here again gaps are provided in the plank 56 to accommodate the support member 52, as was previously described for the plank 36. As a result, the gap between the supports 34 and 51 is covered and the total width of the boardwalk is also increased.
(25) In the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 5, the bottom surfaces of the planks 36 (the flood water facing of the deployed flood wall) are shown to be flat. In an alternative embodiment of the dual use boardwalk that can be turned into a flood barrier, a flood water facing surface of the flood wall, i.e., the bottom surface of the planks 36, can be provided with curved surfaces 60. The surface 60 can be integrally formed with the planks 36, but may also be constructed by frontal curved plates 61 using salt and water resistance materials such as those used in the construction of the planks 36 themselves and are connected by connecting members 62 to the bottom surface of the planks 36. Then when the planks 36 are raised from their boardwalk configuration 42 to their flood wall configuration 41 as shown in FIG. 6, the curved surfaces 60 (drawn by dashed line in the flood wall configuration 41 and indicated by the numeral 63) face the flood water and incoming waves. The curved surfaces 63 can then reflect the incoming waves back away from the flood wall, thereby minimizing the flow of splashing wave water over the flood wall to the protected side of the wall.
(26) In many strong storm and/or hurricane conditions, sudden high speed wind gusts or high waves may occur several times over relatively long periods of time. Since such events occur a limited number of times over the course of a strong storm and/or hurricane conditions, instead of building very tall and very strong flood walls that could withstand relatively short duration and infrequently occurring peak gust speeds and wave splashes at relatively high costs, a more flexible embodiment shown in the schematic of FIGS. 7A and 7B may be employed. In this embodiment, safety gates 66 are provided that would open up when they experience pressures above certain threshold to let the wind gust and/or wave water through the flood wall for a very short period of time until the imparted pressures subsides. It is appreciated by those skilled in the art that in almost all strong storms and hurricanes, such very high peak wind gusts and wave splashes occur very infrequently, and thereby the resulting infrequent and short duration passing of wind gusts and very limited amount of passage of flood water will have minimal effect on the otherwise protected area behind the flood wall.
(27) In the schematic of FIG. 7A, the aforementioned very high wind gust and/or very strong wave splash safety gate sections 66 are shown to be provided along the top portion of the planks 36 (top portion of the flood wall). The safety gates 66 can be positioned on the top section of the flood wall as shown in FIG. 7A to minimize the bending moment on the plank 36 and reaction torque at the plank joint 37, FIG. 2. Each safety gate 66 comprises the panel 64 (which can be made out of the same material as the plank 36), which is mounted in a cut-out opening 67 in the plank 36 by rotary joints 65 so that the panels 64 could rotate back as shown in FIG. 7B when subjected to pressure from the water side of the flood wall. Preloaded spring elements (not shown), such as torsional springs acting at the joints 65, can be provided to bias the panels in the opposite direction and against stops (not shown) provided inside the opening 67 to keep the panel flush on the boardwalk side with the surface 38 (FIG. 2) of the boardwalk. Then if the wind gusts from the water side or wave pressure reaches above the prescribed threshold level of the preloaded safety gate 66, then the safety gate panel 64 swings open momentarily as shown in the cross-sectional view of 7B, to allow the peak wing gust and/or wave splash to pass through, thereby protecting the flood wall structure. The safety gate will then automatically close after the pressure acting on the panel 64 drops below the said threshold.
(28) The embodiment 70 shown in the schematic of FIG. 8 is a dual use sidewalk which may be used around buildings or alongside of roads or the like, which can be turned into a flood barrier or to protect a building or the like against flying objects and debris during storms and hurricanes and the like. FIG. 8 shows the cross-sectional view of the embodiment 70 as installed as a sidewalk in front of a building 71. In FIG. 8, only the basic components of this embodiment is shown for the sake of clarity and other necessary and optional or variations of this basic embodiment is presented later in this disclosure.
(29) The embodiment 70 shown consists of certain pavement structure 72, over which the sidewalk planks 73 rests. In the sidewalk configuration 74, the planks 73 are shown with solid lines. In the configuration 74, the planks 73 serve as a sidewalk, with a relatively smooth surface 75, which can be walked upon or ridden upon by bicycles and the like, etc. In this configuration, the top surface 75 of the planks 36 can also be sloped slightly downward in the direction of allowing rain and washing water, etc., to flow towards the sidewalk drainage.
(30) The sidewalk planks 73 can be attached to the foundation 76 of the building 71 via hinge joints 77 (similar to hinge joints 37 and the plank attached shaft 43 as shown in the schematic of FIG. 3). The supports of the hinge joints 77 can be rigidly attached to the concrete foundation 76 of the building 71 via reinforcing elements of the concrete foundation for increased load bearing. The hinge 77 shaft (not shown—but similar to 43 in FIG. 3) is also rigidly attached to the planks 73, such as via reinforcing elements as was described for the planks 36 of the embodiment of FIG. 2. The hinge 77 shaft is in turn attached via a coupling, which could include a gearing box 78, to the input shaft 79 (similar to the gearing mechanism 39 of the embodiment of FIG. 2). Similar to the gearing box 39 of the embodiment of FIG. 2, the gearing box 78 is coupled to the aforementioned hinge shaft such that as the input shaft 79 is rotated by an external means, the hinge shaft is rotated to raise the plank 73 to its flood wall and object/debris impact protection configuration 80. As a result, the sidewalk (planks in the configuration 74) are turned into flood and flying object/debris barrier that would protect the building.
(31) The planks 73 can be wide (in the direction of the sidewalk), for example 10-20 feet wide, and made without any openings so that when deployed as a flood barrier configuration 80, water cannot pass through the planks. The space between two adjacent planks can be very small and sealing members can be provided as was described for the embodiment of FIG. 2 as shown in FIG. 4C. Any gap between the planks 73 and the building foundation is also sealed, such as was described for the embodiment of FIG. 2 as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. The planks may be constructed from many different light weight but strong and tough materials to resist impact type loading due to gusts and objects/debris impact and flood water splashes. Possible materials include generally composite materials such as those containing recycled plastics with high strength fibers provided to provide high strength and tough. The surface 75 of the planks 73 may also be covered by asphalt or tiles or concrete based layers for pedestrian traffic and the like.
(32) The mechanism for raising the planks from their sidewalk configuration 74 to flood and object/debris barrier 80, FIG. 8, can be as was described for the embodiment of FIG. 2 and shown in FIG. 3. When used as such a barrier for buildings, an electric motor (not shown) positioned together with the gearing 78 inside the building can be used to deploy the planks 73 to its configuration 80. An electric motor can be provided with reduction gearing to minimize its size since barrier deployment does not need to be very rapid. In addition, the electric motor may be of double shaft type, so that in case of power outage the operator could attach a handle or wheel to the exposed shaft and rotate the rotor to slowly deploy the barrier.
(33) It is appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the case of flood or high wind and gust threats, the sidewalk planks all around the building (or the exposed side of the building) are raised to protect the building from flooding and/or flying objects and/or debris due to high winds and gusts. In such cases, at least one of the planks can be provided with steps 82 which are built into the outside facing side 81, FIG. 8, as shown in the schematic of FIG. 9. Each step 82 may also be provided with outward sliding steps such as the one shown in the blow-up view of FIG. 9A. In the blow-up view of FIG. 9A, the outward sliding step 83 is shown in its stored position and its deployed position 84 to provide large enough step surface area for a user to enter or exit the building 71. Appropriate guides and stops commonly used in such mechanisms (not shown) are considered to be provided. Alternatively, as it is shown in FIG. 9B, the step platform 85 is attached to the plank 71 inside the step opening 82 by a hinge 86 and is rotated in the direction of the arrow 87 to be deployed to its outward position 88 against a stop (such as the opening 82) to keep it in the shown position 88. The sliding step 83 and the rotating step 85 can also be locked in their stored position and deployed as the need arises. It is also appreciated that either deployment options or their combination may be provided so that people could climb up into the building through, e.g., a window or other openings, or exit the building without requiring the barrier to be lowered.
(34) It is appreciated by those skilled in the art that many other relatively safe options may also be provided for people to climb into the building or exit it. For example, the aforementioned step openings 82 alone may be provided together with handles (not shown) attached to the sides of the steps 82 (such as being attached inside provided cavities so that they do not protrude beyond the surface 81 of the plank 73) so that the user can easily climb the surface using the step openings while holding on the handles. Alternatively, a deployable ladder (not shown) may be provided and embedded into a provided cavity on the side 81 of one or more plank, and which could be swung out and deployed for the same purpose as the aforementioned steps.
(35) In another embodiment, a boardwalk that can be deployed as a flood-barrier is shown in FIG. 10 that can be positioned adjacent to bulkheads along a waterway to protect communities from overflow during high water level and flooding events. The barrier may be constructed with the telescopic feature shown to achieve higher deployed height. The telescopic feature also allows for adjustment of the flood barrier height along the waterway for uneven topography such that the height of the wall can be increased at land depressions. The boardwalk may be deployed using any one of the mechanisms described for the aforementioned embodiments. The displacing wall of the telescopic boardwalk may be deployed together with the boardwalk via a simple rotary to translation mechanism. Alternatively, the displacing wall sections may be made with materials, such as with enclosed void spaces, to make them floatable in water so that they are automatically deployed with rising water levels.
(36) The boardwalk structure can also be designed to cantilever over a waterway/canal if space is limited.
(37) Other embodiments/variations include a portable boardwalk configured so as to be taken away (stored away) when not in season; a mechanism of support that any backward rotation of the boardwalk panel would increasingly dig the bracing and other support elements into the ground; where the boardwalk is modular so that it can be used for any beaches with varying topography and geometry and would be easier to replace or fix defected pieces; a telescopic mechanism to adjust seawall elevation; where the panels (or sets of panels) may be used to form wave reflecting surfaces that together reflect the waves such that they interact (phased) to dissipate wave energy—thereby minimizing the energy of the wave as it hits the shore (walls); and proper orientation of wall sections in a harbor to dissipate the energy of the incoming (particularly longer wavelength) waves—dissipate the generated higher frequency waves.
(38) While there has been shown and described what is considered to be preferred embodiments of the invention, it will, of course, be understood that various modifications and changes in form or detail could readily be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is therefore intended that the invention be not limited to the exact forms described and illustrated, but should be constructed to cover all modifications that may fall within the scope of the appended claims.
