Machine gun

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine gun (1) comprising a feedway having a main surface (3) for sliding an ammunition belt (5), side faces (8, 23) that guide the ammunition (18) belt (5) during use, and at least one surface (25, 29) for retaining the belt (5), arranged on the upper edge of the side faces (8, 23), said retaining surfaces (25, 29) facing the sliding surface (3) and said retaining surfaces (29, 25) being open so as to allow the insertion of the ammunition (18) belt (5).

Claims

1. A machine gun comprising a feed channel comprising a main slip surface for a belt of ammunition items, two lateral faces configured to guide, in use, the belt of ammunition items, and one or more holding surfaces for the belt positioned at a top edge of each of the two lateral faces, said one or more holding surfaces facing the main slip surface and said one or more holding surfaces being separated by an opening, so as to allow an introduction of the belt of ammunition items in the opening, wherein said one or more holding surfaces are disposed such that the introduction of the belt requires either a flexible deformation of the one or more holding surfaces or a separation of the one or more holding surfaces.

2. The machine gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more holding surfaces are narrow and flexible, allowing a forceful introduction of the belt.

3. The machine gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed channel comprises a runner disposed along a top edge of each of the two lateral faces, at least one of the runners being retractable.

4. The machine gun as claimed in claim 3, wherein the at least one retractable runner is held along the corresponding lateral face by a spring.

5. The machine gun as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one retractable runner has an inclined top surface allowing the belt of ammunition items to be put in place by pressing the belt against the inclined surface of the at least one retractable runner.

6. The machine gun as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one retractable runner has a chamfer at an entry of the feed channel allowing the belt of ammunition items to be removed by twisting the belt.

7. The machine gun as claimed in claim 1, comprising a cover for a feed channel, wherein a closure movement of the cover induces an adjustment of a longitudinal position of the belt of ammunition items in the feed channel.

8. The machine gun as claimed in claim 1, comprising a mechanism for ejecting a last two links of said belt of ammunition items.

9. The machine gun as claimed in claim 1, comprising a frame body having an essentially tubular geometry.

10. The machine gun as claimed in claim 7, wherein the cover comprises a non-return ratchet that pushes the belt in the feed channel during the closure movement of the cover, and that allows a passage of the belt during a subsequent firing cycle.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) FIG. 1 represents a side view of a machine gun according to the invention.

(2) FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of an example of feed channel according to the invention, with the cover open and an ammunition belt in place.

(3) FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of an example of feed channel according to the invention, with the cover open and without ammunition belt.

(4) FIG. 4 represents a cross-sectional view of a device according to the invention, the cover being partially closed.

(5) FIG. 5 represents a cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 4, with the cover closed.

(6) FIGS. 6 to 8 represent cross-sectional views of the device of FIG. 4 during a cycle of firing and of reloading a machine gun of the invention.

(7) FIGS. 9 to 12 represent cross-sectional views of the device of FIG. 4 during the cycle of firing the last cartridge of an ammunition belt of a machine gun of the invention.

(8) FIG. 13 represents an edgewise view of a feed channel comprising belt holding means according to the invention.

(9) FIG. 14 represents a claw for advancing the belt and for ejecting the last link according to an example of the invention.

(10) FIG. 15 represents an example of machine gun frame according to the invention.

(11) FIG. 16 represents an exploded view of a feed channel according to the invention.

(12) FIG. 17 represents an exploded view of a feed channel cover according to the invention.

(13) FIG. 18 represents a perspective view of another example of feed channel comprising belt repositioning means.

(14) FIG. 19 represents an exploded view of the channel of FIG. 18.

(15) FIGS. 20 and 21 represent cross-sectional views of the device comprising the channel of FIGS. 18 and 19, showing the movement induced by the closing of the cover.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(16) The present description essentially describes an example of a weapon implementing all the aspects of the present invention. A person skilled in the art will easily understand that the different aspects of the invention, although they can be used separately, have synergies which emerge clearly in light of this example and of the few variants described.

(17) In the present description, the “last ammunition item” will designate the one which is at the end of the belt, either in position, or ready to be fed. The links will of course be named in the same way.

(18) The term longitudinal, when it relates to a feed channel, or to the movement of an ammunition belt relates to the direction of belt feed displacement, the barrel therefore being in the transverse direction relative to the longitudinal weapon feed direction.

(19) FIG. 1 represents an example of machine gun according to the invention. This machine gun has a lateral feed allowing the use of a rail of Picatinny type 21, that is continuous and fixed onto the top of the frame body 22. On top is understood to mean the top part when the weapon is used in a conventional position. Obviously, other types of accessory fixing interfaces could be used.

(20) FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of the feed channel with an ammunition belt 5 positioned, and the cover 2 open. This cover comprises closure means 19 cooperating with corresponding means of the frame 22.

(21) FIG. 3 represents the same channel, without ammunition belt 5, which makes it possible to distinguish the ratchets 15 and 14, pushing respectively on the anterior part of the penultimate ammunition item, and on the central part 10 of the penultimate link. These ratchets 14, 15 protrude from the slip surface 3 for the ammunition belt 5. As will be seen later, the central position of the ratchet 14 makes it possible to eject the last link.

(22) It can also be seen in these figures that the slip surface 3 of the feed channel, and the corresponding surface of the cover 2 are inclined at 45°, whereas the common axis 4 of these two assemblies is vertical. This secant deposition of the axis of rotation of the cover relative to the ammunition slip plane allows the cover to have a component of movement, during closure, that is parallel to the slip movement of the ammunition items 18.

(23) This horizontal component allows a non-return ratchet 12 to push on the penultimate ammunition item (or rather, here, on the central part of the penultimate link). This positioning movement is better illustrated in the cross sections of FIGS. 4 and 5.

(24) In FIG. 4, the cover is not yet closed, and the belt rests on the belt advancing ratchets 16, 15. These ratchets 15,16, free to rotate about their axis, do not allow an accurate positioning of the belt 5. In particular, FIG. 4 shows an excessively low positioning of the last ammunition item (i.e. the ammunition item is not “in position”, positioned in the middle of the opening of the feed channel). Finally, the position of the advancing ratchets depends on the position of the bolt 17 and of the mobile parts, which is not unequivocal in the placement of the belt, particularly in the case of a weapon operating with breech open: the bolt 17 can be in forward position, chamber empty and locked, or the bolt 17 is in rear position, chamber empty. Depending on the case (and depending on the belt drive mechanisms) the advancing ratchets 14, 15, 16 will be in different positions.

(25) It can be seen in FIG. 5, after the closure of the cover, that the pressure of the non-return ratchet 12 on the penultimate ammunition item has made it possible to correctly reposition the belt 5.

(26) Note that the repositioning of the belt can be obtained in other ways, the main thing being that the cover closing movement can induce a movement of readjustment of the belt parallel to the slip thereof.

(27) Such an alternative example is represented for a horizontal feed channel 100 in FIGS. 18 to 21. In this example, the belt 5 slides on a horizontal surface 102 and is correctly positioned by non-return ratchets 101 actuated by the closing of the cover 107. To this end, the non-return ratchets 101 are fixed onto a slide block 103 comprising an inclined surface 105 cooperating with a corresponding inclined surface 106 on the cover 107.

(28) In all the cases upon the movement of the belt induced by the belt advancing mechanism, the non-return ratchets 101, 12 can be set aside to allow the successive ammunition items 18 to pass in the normal direction of feed.

(29) The lateral positioning of the feed of FIGS. 2 to 12, and the direction of opening of the cover 2 and of the feed channel on a vertical axis also makes it possible to free the top face of the frame, and allows a fixed rail 21 to be fixed onto an essentially tubular frame body 22.

(30) The 45° inclination of the slip plane 3 of the feed channel offers the advantage, already cited, of allowing, in combination with the vertical axis of rotation 4 of the cover, the adjustment of the ammunition item in position. Moreover, this inclination makes it possible to facilitate the positioning of the belt, by hooking the belt onto the advancing ratchets 14, 15, 16 either by holding the weapon vertical (which is not possible for the weapons with vertical feed channel), or by inclining the weapon by only 45° to place the channel horizontal. Other angles of inclination are of course possible, in as much as the lateral bulk is sufficiently limited, and the horizontal component of the slip plane 3 is sufficient for it to be possible to place the belt stably on the advancing ratchets 14, 15 16 without inclining the weapon. Reasonable angles of inclination lie between 20 and 70°, preferably between 30 and 60°.

(31) FIGS. 5 to 8 illustrate the operation of the feed system of the example of the invention. In this example, the machine gun operates according to a so-called “open breech” cycle, in other words a device in which, except when firing, the bolt 17 and the mobile parts are in rear position, chamber open and empty. The complete firing cycle is then as follows: the triggering of the trigger releases the mobile parts and the bolt 17, which introduces into the passage, via its snug 20, an ammunition item 18 into the chamber. At the end of the forward movement, the bolt is locked on the lock ring, at the rear of the chamber of the barrel. This forward movement is induced by a recoil spring that is compressed in the backward return movement of the mobile parts. The ammunition item is then struck, and a recovery of gas in the last section of the barrel makes it possible to return the mobile parts backward by compressing the recoil spring.

(32) After the last ammunition item has been fired, at the end of the belt, the trigger generally being kept pressed, the mobile parts perform a last forward movement, and the weapon is returned to the breech closed and chamber empty condition. Depending on whether the user reloads the mechanism before or after placing the ammunition belt, the mobile parts are therefore in front or rear position.

(33) FIG. 5 shows the weapon in standby position, mobile parts toward the rear, an ammunition item in position, the snug 20 of the bolt 17 placed behind the ammunition item that is in position. The belt advancing ratchets 14, 15, 16 are in low position behind the penultimate ammunition item, the belt rests on the non-return ratchet 12 and the holding flaps 11 bear on the links and hold the ammunition item in position in the middle of the opening of the feed channel, ready to be fed by the bolt 17. An ejection claw 13 pushes on the anterior lateral parts 9 of the penultimate link.

(34) When the firing is triggered, the last ammunition item is driven into the chamber by the snug 20 of the bolt 17. Upon this movement, as soon as the ammunition item is entirely detached from the link, the advancing ratchets 14, 15, 16 begin to advance.

(35) Then, as represented in FIG. 6, upon the forward movement of the mobile parts, the advancing ratchets 14, 15, 16 push the belt 5 to the new in-position position. In FIG. 7, the last link is ejected by the movement of the belt, pushed by the link and the next ammunition item. The ejection claw 13 has pushed in passing on the lateral parts 9 of the penultimate link, but, this penultimate link being linked to the penultimate ammunition item, it is not ejected. As will in fact be seen later, this ejection claw in fact comes into action only upon the ejection of the last two links of a belt. FIG. 8 shows the return movement of the advancing ratchets 14, 15, 16 upon the recoil movement of the mobile parts. During this movement, the belt 5 is retained in position by the non-return ratchet 12. At the end of cycle, the situation of FIG. 5 is restored.

(36) FIGS. 9 to 12 illustrate the ejection of the last two links, upon the firing of the last ammunition item. In FIG. 9, at the start of cycle, the last ammunition item of the belt is in position and the central part 10 of the last link rests on the non-return ratchet 12. Note that, at this stage, the lateral advancing ratchets 15 and 16 no longer rest on an ammunition item and can no longer push on the rest of the belt. Only the central ratchet 14 is still facing the central part 10 of the penultimate link, which, at the start of the cycle, rests on the non-return ratchet 12. In FIG. 10, the ammunition item is loaded in the chamber.

(37) Then, the central ratchet 14 pushes the penultimate link to the position of FIG. 11. In this figure, an enlargement has been represented as an insert in which only the penultimate link, the link ejector 13 and the slip surfaces 3 have been represented. This insert shows the force F applied by the ejector 13 on the anterior lateral parts 9 of the penultimate link. This force is broken down into a force normal to the surface of the link F.sub.n and a tangential force Ft. Beyond a certain position, the tangential force F.sub.t exceeds the static friction threshold, while the normal force F.sub.n is practically parallel to the slip plane 3. At this moment, the link is abruptly ejected, and also pushes the link in front of it.

(38) Finally, when the last link is ejected, the claw 13 no longer rests on an ammunition item, and, because of this, occupies an extreme position that it never occupies during of a cycle in the presence of an ammunition belt. This movement to an extreme position can be exploited to displace a belt indicator giving an indication as to the absence of belt.

(39) FIG. 2 shows holding runners 6, 7 cladding the top edge of the lateral faces 8, 23 of the feed channel. FIG. 13 shows a cross section of the feed channel, with an ammunition item in position. In this figure, an anterior runner 6 and a posterior runner 7 are distinguished retaining the ammunition item 18 in the feed channel via surfaces 25, 29 facing the slip surface 3 of the belt.

(40) These runners 6,7 are held in holding position by springs 24. These springs make it possible to introduce the belt by separating the two runners. This separation is advantageously obtained by virtue of inclined surfaces 27, 28 on the top face of the runners, the separation being then obtained by simply pushing the belt against the runners. Note that it would be sufficient for a single runner to be mobile to introduce the belt. In the latter case, nevertheless, the handling would be less flexible (requirement to introduce according to a predefined direction).

(41) Alternatively, the retractable runners 6, 7 could be replaced by holding surfaces facing the slip surface 3 that are directly fixed to (even form part of) the lateral faces 23, 8 of the feed channel, either these surfaces, or the walls of the feed channel being sufficiently flexible to allow the placement “by force” of the belt.

(42) The advantage of these holding means is that they make it possible to place the belt, or to open the cover 2 of the feed channel independently of the orientation of the weapon without the belt falling from the channel.

(43) The presence of a chamfer 26 at the edge of the posterior runner 7 will be noted in FIG. 13. This chamfer is present only facing the last ammunition item and makes it possible to remove the belt by a twisting movement, or a raising movement of the posterior part of the ammunition item corresponding to the entry of the belt into the feed channel, which pushes the posterior runner 7 backward, by virtue of the chamfer.

(44) FIGS. 14 to 17 show different separate elements in perspective, so as to clarify the parts possibly hidden in the preceding figures.

(45) FIG. 14 shows a belt drive claw. This claw has three ratchets 14, 15, 16. The two lateral ratchets bear directly on the penultimate ammunition item, respectively before or after the anterior lateral parts 9 of the antepenultimate link. The ratchet 14, for its part, pushes on the central part 10 of the penultimate link.

(46) These three ratchets 14, 15, 16 can be secured, or, preferably, the central ratchet 14 is elastically linked to the other two ratchets, for example via a torsion spring. Indeed, there is a space between the ammunition items which allows a greater movement amplitude for the lateral ratchets 15, 16 than for the central ratchet, which is blocked by the surface linking the successive links. Because of this, the bearing offered by the central ratchet 14 provides a less reliable bearing, and potentially prevents the lateral ratchets from assuming an optimal position. Separating the central ratchet 14 then allows an optimal movement amplitude for the lateral ratchets 15, 16.

(47) Note that, upon the ejection of the last link, the central ratchet 14 is no longer blocked by the surface linking the successive links and it can then take a more reliable bearing surface. At that moment, also, as mentioned above, the lateral ratchets 15, 16 no longer rest on an ammunition item, and therefore no longer participate in the displacement of the belt.

(48) FIG. 15 shows a tubular frame body 22. This closed geometry makes it possible to obtain a better rigidity, and in particular a better twist resistance than the open profiles. As can be seen in this figure, the lateral position of the feed channel allows for the fixing of a fixed Picatinny rail 21. Furthermore, the positioning of the belt advancing mechanism on the frame side rather than in the cover allows for a lateral opening of short length, which further improves the mechanical properties of the assembly.

(49) FIG. 16 shows an exploded view of the feed channel. The two holding springs 24 for the runners 6, 7 are distinguished therein.