Driving device, valve apparatus including the same, and link driving mechanism for turbocharger

Abstract

A driving device includes: a shaft; and a cylindrical bush having an insertion hole into which the shaft can be inserted. The insertion hole includes an opening portion having an inner diameter decreasing from a first end surface toward a second end surface of the bush, and a small-diameter hole portion extending from an end of the opening portion to the second end surface. The shaft includes a shaft portion having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the small-diameter hole portion, and an abutment portion having an outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of the small-diameter hole portion. The bush has a sealing surface defining the opening portion. The abutment portion of the shaft abuts on the sealing surface of the bush in an axial direction of the insertion hole to seal a gap formed between the shaft and the bush inside the insertion hole.

Claims

1. A driving device comprising: a shaft; and a cylindrical bush having an insertion hole into which the shaft can be inserted, the insertion hole including an opening portion having an inner diameter decreasing from a first end surface toward a second end surface of the bush, and a small-diameter hole portion extending from an end of the opening portion to the second end surface, the shaft including a shaft portion having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the small-diameter hole portion, and an abutment portion having an outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of the small-diameter hole portion, wherein the abutment portion has a convexly curved shape, a gap is formed between the small-diameter hole portion and the shaft portion of the shaft inside the small-diameter hole portion for preventing adhesion or galling of a valve apparatus, the bush having a sealing surface of truncated cone shape configured as a surface extending obliquely inward from an inner peripheral edge of the first end surface to the end of the opening portion, wherein the driving device is configured such that the abutment portion of the shaft abuts on the sealing surface of the bush in an axial direction of the insertion hole so as to seal the gap is formed between the small-diameter hole portion and the shaft portion inside the insertion hole.

2. The driving device according to claim 1, wherein the abutment portion has an elliptical spherical shape having a major axis perpendicular or parallel to the axial direction of the insertion hole.

3. A valve apparatus comprising: the driving device according to claim 1; and a valve body fixed to the shaft.

4. A link driving mechanism for a turbocharger, comprising: the driving device according to claim 1; and a nozzle vane fixed to the shaft.

5. A link driving mechanism for a turbocharger, comprising: a rotatable coupling ring having at least one cutout portion; and the driving device according to claim 1, wherein the driving device has a coupling portion fixed to the shaft and capable of engaging with one of the at least one cutout portion.

6. The driving device according to claim 1, further comprising an elastic member which provides an elastic force for moving the shaft in a direction such that the abutment portion abuts on the sealing surface.

7. The driving device according to claim 6, wherein the driving device further comprises a housing having a bush through hole through which the bush passes, wherein the shaft includes a coupling portion to be coupled to an actuator for rotating the shaft, and wherein the elastic member is disposed between the coupling portion and the housing, and the elastic member provides the shaft with the elastic force in a direction of moving the coupling portion away from the housing.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a valve apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

(2) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a bush of the valve apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

(3) FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a modified example of the valve apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

(4) FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the contact part between the sealing surface and the abutment surface in the valve apparatus of FIG. 3.

(5) FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another modified example of the valve apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

(6) FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of still another modified example of the valve apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

(7) FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the valve apparatus of FIG. 6, where the shaft tilts.

(8) FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a valve apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

(9) FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of a link driving mechanism for a turbocharger according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.

(10) FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a driving device of the link driving mechanism for a turbocharger according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.

(11) FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a driving device for rotating a coupling ring of the link driving mechanism for a turbocharger according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(12) Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. It is intended that dimensions, materials, shapes, relative positions and the like of components described in the embodiments shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

First Embodiment

(13) As shown in FIG. 1, a valve apparatus 1 according to a first embodiment includes a driving device 20 and a valve body 3. The driving device 20 includes a shaft 2 to which the valve body 3 is fixed and a cylindrical bush 4 having an insertion hole 5 into which the shaft 2 can be inserted. The valve apparatus 1 may be for example, but is not limited to, a waste-gate valve (WG valve) provided in a turbine housing of a turbocharger. In this case, the bush 4 is inserted in a through hole 7 passing through the turbine housing 6 of the turbocharger from an inner surface 6a to an outer surface 6b, and is fixed to the turbine housing 6. In other words, sides of the inner surface 6a and the outer surface 6b of the turbine housing 6, i.e., the inside and outside of the turbine housing 6 are communicated through the insertion hole 5.

(14) As shown in FIG. 2, the insertion hole 5 includes an opening portion 5a having an inner diameter decreasing from a first end surface 4a toward a second end surface 4b of the bush 4, and a small-diameter hole portion 5b extending from the smaller inner diameter end 5a1 of the opening portion 5a to the second end surface 4b. The small-diameter hole portion 5b is formed with a constant inner diameter from the end 5a1 to the second end surface 4b. The opening portion 5a is defined by a sealing surface 8 of truncated cone shape. Specifically, the sealing surface 8 is a flat surface extending obliquely inward from an inner peripheral edge of the first end surface 4a of the bush 4 to the end 5a1.

(15) As shown in FIG. 1, the shaft 2 includes a shaft portion 2a having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the small-diameter hole portion 5b, and an abutment portion 2b having an outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of the small-diameter hole portion 5b. The abutment portion 2b includes an abutment surface 2c of truncated cone shape corresponding to the truncated cone shape of the sealing surface 8. More specifically, the abutment portion 2b includes a large-diameter portion 2b1 having a constant diameter, and a reduced-diameter portion 2b2 connecting the large-diameter portion 2b1 and the shaft portion 2a, and the outer peripheral surface of the reduced-diameter portion 2b2 forms the abutment surface 2c. An end 2a1 of the shaft portion 2a is provided with a coupling portion 2d coupled to an actuator 11 for rotating the shaft 2.

(16) When the shaft portion 2a is inserted into the small-diameter hole portion 5b, a gap 9 is formed between the shaft portion 2a of the shaft 2 and the bush 4 inside the small-diameter hole portion 5b. The valve apparatus 1 is configured such that pressure of exhaust gas inside the turbine housing 6 causes the abutment surface 2c of the abutment portion 2b to abut on the sealing surface 8 of the bush 4 in the axial direction of the insertion hole 5 so as to seal the gap 9.

(17) Next, the operation of the valve apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment will be described in conjunction with the case where the valve apparatus 1 is a WG valve.

(18) As shown in FIG. 1, while the gap 9 is sealed by the abutment surface 2c and the sealing surface 8, power of the actuator 11 is transmitted to the shaft 2 via the coupling portion 2d to rotate the shaft 2. With rotation of the shaft 2, the valve body 3 rotates around the shaft 2. In accordance with rotation of the valve body 3, a waste-gate channel (WG channel) bypassing a scroll passage in a turbine of the turbocharger opens or closes.

(19) Inside the turbine housing 6, pressure of exhaust gas is applied to the valve body 3. Thus, a force F.sub.1 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the shaft 2 is applied to the abutment portion 2b. This causes a moment M.sub.1 having components opposite to the direction of the force F.sub.1 from the sealing surface 8 to the abutment surface 2c of the abutment portion 2b in contact with the sealing surface 8. As a result, the tilting of the shaft 2 is reduced, so that a reduction in sealing performance between the abutment surface 2c of the abutment portion and 2b the sealing surface 8 is suppressed. Thus, it is possible to suppress leakage of exhaust gas through the gap 9.

(20) Although in the first embodiment, the sealing surface 8 and the abutment surface 2c both have a truncated cone shape, the invention is not limited to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the abutment surface 2c may have a convexly curved shape, for example, a spherical shape. With the configuration of the first embodiment, the tilting of the shaft 2 is reduced, but the possibility that the shaft 2 will tilt cannot be eliminated. In the case where the sealing surface 8 and the abutment surface 2c both have a truncated conical shape, when the shaft 2 is tilted, a gap may be formed between the sealing surface 8 and the abutment surface 2c, reducing the sealing performance. However, with the configuration of FIG. 3, since the abutment surface 2c is convexly curved, the abutment surface 2c can abut on the sealing surface 8 any part even if the shaft 2 is tilted.

(21) Further, in this case, as shown in FIG. 4, it is preferred that the contact part 12 between the sealing surface 8 and the abutment surface 2c is located as radially outward as possible. In the configuration of FIG. 4, the region of the insertion hole 5 occupied by the abutment portion 2b is reduced by the amount that the contact part 12 is located as radially outward as possible, and, since pressure is lower inside the insertion hole 5 than inside the turbine housing 6 where exhaust gas exits, the region where pressure is lower than inside the turbine housing 6 is enlarged. As a result, the pressure difference between the insertion hole 5 and the inside of the turbine housing 6 increases, and the force with which the abutment portion 2b is pressed toward the sealing surface 8 increases, so that the shaft 2 is less likely to tilt. Further, since the contact part 12 is located as radially outward as possible, the length of the arm of the moment M.sub.1 is extended, and the moment M.sub.1 is increased. This also reduces the tilting of the shaft 2.

(22) The sealing surface 8 may not necessarily have a truncated cone shape. In the case where the abutment surface 2c is convexly curved, as shown in FIG. 5, the sealing surface 8 may have a concavely curved shape corresponding to the convexly curved shape of the abutment surface 2c.

(23) In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the convexly curved abutment surface 2c may have an elliptical spherical shape having a major axis a in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the insertion hole 5. When the shaft 2 is tilted, even if the abutment surface 2c has, for example, a spherical shape, as long as the axial center L of the insertion hole 5 coincides with the spherical center of the abutment surface 2c, no gap is formed between the sealing surface 8 and the abutment surface 2c. However, if the axial center L of the insertion hole 5 deviates from the spherical center of the abutment surface 2c due to resistance such as friction between the bush 4 and the shaft 2, a gap will be created between the sealing surface 8 and the abutment surface 2c.

(24) However, when the abutment surface 2c has an elliptical spherical shape, as shown in FIG. 7, even if the axial center L of the insertion hole 5 deviates from the elliptical spherical center O of the abutment surface 2c, the abutment surface 2c and the sealing surface 8 can come into contact. Thus, it is possible to suppress a reduction in sealing performance between the abutment surface 2c and the sealing surface 8 compared with the case where the abutment surface 2c has a circular shape. The same effect can be obtained by a configuration in which the abutment surface 2c has an elliptical spherical shape with a major axis a parallel to the axial direction of the insertion hole 5.

Second Embodiment

(25) Next, a driving device according to a second embodiment will be described. The driving device according to the second embodiment is different from the driving device according to the first embodiment in that an elastic member that provides the shaft 2 with an elastic force for moving the shaft 2 is added. In the second embodiment, the same constituent elements as those in the first embodiment are associated with the same reference numerals and not described again in detail.

(26) As shown in FIG. 8, an elastic member 10 is disposed between the coupling portion 2d and the outer surface 6b of the turbine housing 6. The elastic member 10 may be a spring 10a that abuts at one end on the coupling portion 2d and at the other end on the outer surface 6b. In this case, both ends of the spring 10a may be connected, or may not be connected, to the coupling portion 2d and the outer surface 6b, respectively. The configuration is otherwise the same as that of the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, the abutment surface 2c and the sealing surface 8 may have any of the configurations shown in FIGS. 3 to 7.

(27) The operation of sealing the gap 9 between the sealing surface 8 and the abutment surface 2c while suppressing the tilting of the shaft 2 is the same as that in the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, the spring 10a provides the shaft 2 with an elastic force in a direction of moving the coupling portion 2d away from the outer surface 6b of the turbine housing 6. This elastic force increases the force with which the abutment surface 2c abuts on the sealing surface 8, so that the sealing performance between the abutment surface 2c and the sealing surface 8 is improved. As a result, it is possible to further suppress leakage of exhaust gas through the gap 9.

(28) The spring 10a abuts at one end on the coupling portion 2d and at the other end on the outer surface 6b, but it may abut at one end on the coupling portion 2d and at the other end on the second end surface 4b of the bush 4. However, when the other end of the spring 10a abuts on the outer surface 6b, it is easier to secure a space for providing the spring 10a than when the other end of the spring 10a abuts on the second end surface 4b of the bush 4.

Third Embodiment

(29) Next, a driving device according to a third embodiment will be described. The driving device according to the third embodiment is configured so as to be used in a link driving mechanism for a turbocharger as compared with the first and second embodiments. In the following, the third embodiment will be described in conjunction with the first embodiment, but the third embodiment may have the configuration of the second embodiment. In the third embodiment, the same constituent elements as those in the first embodiment are associated with the same reference numerals and not described again in detail.

(30) FIG. 9 shows a link driving mechanism 30 for a turbocharger including the driving device 20. The link driving mechanism 30 includes a rotatable coupling ring 33, a plurality of driving devices 20 to each of which a nozzle vane 31 is fixed, and one driving device 20′ for rotating the coupling ring 33 to drive each of the plurality of driving devices 20. The plurality of driving devices 20 and one driving device 20′ are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction.

(31) As shown in FIG. 10, the driving device 20 includes a bush 4 inserted in a through hole 7 passing through a nozzle mount 36, which is a part of the turbine housing of the turbocharger, from an inner surface 36a to an outer surface 36b, and fixed to the nozzle mount 36, and a shaft 2 capable of inserting into an insertion hole 5 passing through the bush 4 in the axial direction. To an end of a shaft portion 2a of the shaft 2, a lever 32 is fixed as a coupling portion. To a large-diameter portion 2b1 of an abutment portion 2b of the shaft 2, the nozzle vane 31 of the turbocharger is fixed.

(32) As shown in FIG. 11, the driving device 20′ includes a bush 4 inserted in a through hole 7 passing through a housing 46, which is a part of the turbine housing of the turbocharger, from an inner surface 46a to an outer surface 46b, and fixed to the housing 46, and a shaft 2 capable of inserting into an insertion hole 5 passing through the bush 4 in the axial direction. An end of the shaft 2 is provided with a coupling portion 2d coupled to an actuator (not shown) for rotating the shaft 2. To a large-diameter portion 2b1 of an abutment portion 2b of the shaft 2, a lever 32′ is fixed as a coupling portion.

(33) As shown in FIG. 9, cutout portions 34 are formed on the outer peripheral edge of the coupling ring 33 so as to be engaged with portions of the levers 32 and 32′. When the actuator coupled to the coupling portion 2d (see FIG. 11) of the driving device 20′ is driven, power of the actuator is transmitted to the shaft 2 to rotate the shaft 2. With rotation of the shaft 2, the lever 32′ rotates around the shaft 2. With rotation of the lever 32′ engaged with the cutout portion 34, the coupling ring 33 rotates. When the coupling ring 33 rotates, the lever 32 engaged with each cutout portion 32 rotates. As a result, with rotation of each lever 32, the shaft 2 of the driving device 20 rotates. As shown in FIG. 10, with rotation of the shaft 2, the nozzle vane 31 rotates.

(34) When the driving devices 20 and 20′ are used in the link driving mechanism 30 for a turbocharger, with the same principle as in the first embodiment, the tilting of the shaft 2 is reduced, so that a reduction in sealing performance between the abutment portion 2b and the sealing surface 8 is suppressed. Thus, it is possible to suppress leakage of exhaust gas through the gap 9 formed between the shaft 2 and the bush 4 inside the insertion hole 5.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

(35) 1 Valve apparatus 2 Shaft 2a Shaft portion 2a1 End (of shaft portion) 2b Abutment portion 2b1 Large-diameter portion 2b2 Reduced-diameter portion 2c Abutment surface 2d Coupling portion 3 Valve body 4 Bush 4a First end surface (of bush) 4b Second end surface (of bush) 5 Insertion hole 5a Opening portion 5a1 End (of opening portion) 5b Small-diameter hole portion 6 Turbine housing 6a Inner surface (of turbine housing) 6b Outer surface (of turbine housing) 7 Through hole 8 Sealing surface 9 Gap 10 Elastic member 10a Spring 11 Actuator 12 Contact part 20 Driving device 20′ Driving device 30 Link driving mechanism 31 Nozzle vane 32 Lever (Coupling portion) 32′ Lever (Coupling portion) 33 Coupling ring 34 Cutout portion 36 Nozzle mount (Housing) 36a Inner surface (of nozzle mount) 36b Outer surface (of nozzle mount) 46 Housing 46a Inner surface (of housing) 46b Outer surface (of housing)